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90279131 Menopause and the risk of breast cancer
169 90279123 The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women Bush T.L. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health. Baltimore. MD 21205
ANN. NEW YORK ACAD. SCI. 1990 592/- (263-271) This manuscript has described the principal modifiable risk factors for the major killer of postmenopausal women. Clearly women who smoke should be convinced to quit, and those who have hypertension and hypercholesterolemia should be encouraged initially to adopt hygienic interventions (that is weight reduction and moderate exercise) to lower their blood pressures and cholesterol levels. Further, given the magnitude of the risk reduction in CVD seen in estrogen users, estrogen use ought to be considered as a preventive therapy for postmenopausal women, but partially for those who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. 90279131 Menopause and the risk of breast cancer
Brinton L.A. Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Bethesda, MD 20892
ANN. NEW YORK ACAD. SCI. 1990 592/- (357-362) In summary, although there is a fair amount of inconsistency regarding the effects of menopausal estrogen therapy on the risk of breast cancer, this may relate to inability of some studies to fully assess effects related to long-term and/or high-dosage usage, the exposures that appear to be most consistently related to elevations in breast cancer risk. Many relationships, however, remain unresolved. For example. there is only scant epidemiologic information availabe on the relationship of breast cancer risk to exposure to estrogens in forms other than pills, such as injectable estrogen cream, or patches. Also unclear is whether different estrogens have discrepant effects. For example, in the recent Swedish study, the primary estrogen prescribed was estradiol, a more potent estrogen than the conjugated estrogens commonly prescribed in the United States. Few studies, all based on limited numbers of exposed women, have provided data regarding effects of combined estrogemprogestin therapy, and further investigations are vitally needed to assess effects on breast cancer risk of progestins added to the commonly used estrogens in this country, including conjugated estrogens and diethylstilbestrol. Given the absence of information on the risks of breast cancer associated with menopausal estrogen therapy, especially when combined with progestins, it is extremely difficult to develop counseling approaches and for informed decisions to be made. Decisions must be made, recognizing that there are considerable benefits that have been associated with estrogen therapy, including substantial reductions in the risk of both osteoporosis and certain cardiovascular diseases. However, many relationships of risk with specific patterns of usage remain unresolved, particularly with respect to the effects on risk of combined estrogemprogestin therapy. 90280993 Prevention of breast eaneer with tamoxifen - an update on the Royal Marsden Hospital Pilot Programme Powles T.J.; Tillyer CR.; Jones A.L.; Ashley S.E.; Treleaven J.; Davey J.B.; McKinna J.A. Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton SM2 5PT
EUR. J. CANCER 1990 26/6 (680-684) An ‘anti-oestrogen’ such as tamoxifen may protect prophylactically against breast cancer. At the Royal Marsden Hospital, the blind random&d feasibility study of tamoxifen 20 mg per day versus placebo in 200 healthy women has been extended into a pilot trial. A total of 435 women with a family history of breast cancer have been accrued. Compliance, acute toxicity, clotting factors, lipids and bone mass were assessed. The pilot trial has confirmed the findings of the feasibility study. Compliance was high and the frequency of side-effects was similar in both groups, except for a significant increase in hot flushes in the tamoxifen-treated women (33 vs. 17%). Bone mass and clotting factors were not affected. Tamoxifen
ANN. NEW YORK ACAD. SCI. 1990 592/- (263-271) This manuscript has described the principal modifiable risk factors for the major killer of postmenopausal women. Clearly women who smoke should be convinced to quit, and those who have hypertension and hypercholesterolemia should be encouraged initially to adopt hygienic interventions (that is weight reduction and moderate exercise) to lower their blood pressures and cholesterol levels. Further, given the magnitude of the risk reduction in CVD seen in estrogen users, estrogen use ought to be considered as a preventive therapy for postmenopausal women, but partially for those who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. 90279131 Menopause and the risk of breast cancer
Brinton L.A. Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Bethesda, MD 20892
ANN. NEW YORK ACAD. SCI. 1990 592/- (357-362) In summary, although there is a fair amount of inconsistency regarding the effects of menopausal estrogen therapy on the risk of breast cancer, this may relate to inability of some studies to fully assess effects related to long-term and/or high-dosage usage, the exposures that appear to be most consistently related to elevations in breast cancer risk. Many relationships, however, remain unresolved. For example. there is only scant epidemiologic information availabe on the relationship of breast cancer risk to exposure to estrogens in forms other than pills, such as injectable estrogen cream, or patches. Also unclear is whether different estrogens have discrepant effects. For example, in the recent Swedish study, the primary estrogen prescribed was estradiol, a more potent estrogen than the conjugated estrogens commonly prescribed in the United States. Few studies, all based on limited numbers of exposed women, have provided data regarding effects of combined estrogemprogestin therapy, and further investigations are vitally needed to assess effects on breast cancer risk of progestins added to the commonly used estrogens in this country, including conjugated estrogens and diethylstilbestrol. Given the absence of information on the risks of breast cancer associated with menopausal estrogen therapy, especially when combined with progestins, it is extremely difficult to develop counseling approaches and for informed decisions to be made. Decisions must be made, recognizing that there are considerable benefits that have been associated with estrogen therapy, including substantial reductions in the risk of both osteoporosis and certain cardiovascular diseases. However, many relationships of risk with specific patterns of usage remain unresolved, particularly with respect to the effects on risk of combined estrogemprogestin therapy. 90280993 Prevention of breast eaneer with tamoxifen - an update on the Royal Marsden Hospital Pilot Programme Powles T.J.; Tillyer CR.; Jones A.L.; Ashley S.E.; Treleaven J.; Davey J.B.; McKinna J.A. Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton SM2 5PT
EUR. J. CANCER 1990 26/6 (680-684) An ‘anti-oestrogen’ such as tamoxifen may protect prophylactically against breast cancer. At the Royal Marsden Hospital, the blind random&d feasibility study of tamoxifen 20 mg per day versus placebo in 200 healthy women has been extended into a pilot trial. A total of 435 women with a family history of breast cancer have been accrued. Compliance, acute toxicity, clotting factors, lipids and bone mass were assessed. The pilot trial has confirmed the findings of the feasibility study. Compliance was high and the frequency of side-effects was similar in both groups, except for a significant increase in hot flushes in the tamoxifen-treated women (33 vs. 17%). Bone mass and clotting factors were not affected. Tamoxifen