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92188182 Lack of deleterious effect of slow-release sodium fluoride treatment on cortical bone histology and quality in osteoporotic patients
259 height and weight. The ultradistal radius showed no significant correlation with age for either sex. There were significant correlations between the bone measurements made at different sites for both men and women (range in r = 0.27-0.89). Cross§ional curves of bone mineral density with age showed no significant differences in slope between males and females. In this cross-sectional study, we found that increased age was significantly associated with decreased bone mass in a linear and equivalent fashion for both men and women through the elderly years in the proximal femur and proximal radius. 92182818 Yeusofpotentdlifehk3tafterbipfr8ctweamoog postmeaopsusal women Eiskjaer S.; Gstgard SE.; Jakobsen B.W.; Jensen J.; Lucht U. The Accident Analysis Center, Arhus University Hospital, Department of Orthopedics E, Arhus ACTA ORTHOP. SCAND. 1992 63/3 (293-296) From January 1987 and onwards all cases of hip fracture in Arhus County, Denmark, were registered in a prospective multicenter investigation. Until December 1990, 2273 postmenopausal women (> 50 years) with first hip fractures were registered. Of these 643 sustained a hip fracture in 1988. Lifetables were constructed for different age groups; the excess mortality (in comparison with the reference population) for each age group ranged from 10 to 20 percent. The years of potential life lost (YPLL) (life expectancy method) were calculated for the 1988 cohort and compared with the YPLL due to other selected conditions calculated from official vital statistics. The YPLL rates (per 1008 persons) were as follows: hip fracture 9.2, ischemic heart disease 73, cerebrovascular disease 29, breast cancer 20 and cancer of the uterus 6.7. We propose that hip fracture mortality data should be continuously registered and evaluated using the YPLL method to detect changes caused by the expected increase in the number of hip fractures. 92184501 Cti tokraoee in women: The effects of age, hady compositioa, and sex hormones Busby M.J.; Bellantoni M.F.; Tobin J.D.; Muller DC.; Kafonek S.D.; Blackman M.R.; Andres R. General Clinical Research Center, Francis Scott Key Medical Center, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224 J. AM. GERIATR. SGC. 1992 4015 (497-502) Objective: To determine the separate and interactive effects of age, phase of the menstrual cycle, menopausal hormone status, body fat mass, and regional fat distribution on glucose tolerance in healthy women, Design: Retrospective study. Setting: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Patients: Two hundred sixty healthy women aged 22-89 years. Measurements: Plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone, body mass index (BMI), waist-to- hip ratio (WHR), and plasma glucose values in the fasting state (FPG) as well as 120 minutes after 40 gm/m2 of oral glucose (G& were measured for each participant. Results: We found a progressive decline in oral glucose tolerance of 0.4 mM (6.7 mg/dL)/decade at Grzo) in women from early to late adult years, with no relationship to phase of the menstrual cycle and no abrupt change associated with the menopause. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant, independent effects of BMI and WHR on FPG and Grza. The influence of age (P c 0.01) on G,,s was stronger than that of the BMI or WHR (P C 0.05). There was no significant relationship between the levels of endogenous sex hormones and glucose tolerance after adjustments for age, BMI, and WHR. However, women taking oral contraceptives, but not those receiving postmenopausal replacement therapy, did exhibit mildly elevated G,, values. Conclusions: Age per se, and to a lesser extent BMI and WHR, but not levels of endogenous sex steroids, contribute to the physiological decline in glucose tolerance in older women. 92188182 L& of d&t&eus
effect of slow-release sodium fluoride treatment on cortical booe bi.9t0lOgy
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Zenvekh J.E.; Antich P.P.; Sakhaee K.; Prior J.; Gonzalez J.; Got&chalk F.; Pak C.Y.C. Ct. Mineral Metabolism/Clin. Res., Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ct., 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 72535-8885 BONE MINER. 1992 18/l (65-76)
260
We evaluated the effects of intermittent slow-release sodium fluoride (SRNaF) and continuous calcium citrate therapy on cortical bone histology, reflection ultrasound velocity (material strength) and backscattered electron image analysis (BEI) in 26 osteoporotic patients before and following therapy. All measurements were made on transiliac crest bone biopsies obtained before and following 2 years of therapy in each patient. For all 26 patients there were no significant changes in cortical bone histomorphometric parameters. In I5 patients in whom bone material quality was assessed by reflection ultrasound, there was no change in velocity (4000 * 227SD to 4013 f 240 m/s). BEI disclosed no mineralization defects or the presence of woven bone. Mean atomic number (density) of bone increased slightly, but significantly (9.261 f 0.311 to 9.457 + 0.223, P = 0.031). While these changes are less marked than those observed for cancellous bone, they indicate that this form of therapy does not adversely affect cortical bone remodelling. 92188240 The endocrhre substrate of the andropause Vermeulen A.; Bela&h J. Departement d’Endocrinologie, Clinique Universitaire. De Pintelaan 185, Gand
CONTRACEPT. FERTIL. SEX. 1992 20/5 (561-566) Whereas in middle aged women, the ovarian depletion of oocytes causes the irreversible end of the fertile period, a similar depletion of germ cells does not occur in men. Indeed, fertility, although declining with age, persists until a very old age in men. The end of the fertile period in women, called the menopause is accompanied by a neuroendocrine syndrome which, at least partially, is the consequence of a decrease of sex hormone levels. Similarly, in aging men, several clinical signs, such as a decreased pilosity, muscle mass and strength, asthenia, lack of energy and decrease of libido and sexual activity, suggest a hypoandrogenic state. This hypoandrogenic state is confirmed by the decreased plasma testosterone as well as intratissular androgen levels, the decrease being more pronounced for the bioavailable plasma testosterone than for total testosterone. Although a series of observations, such as a decrease in the number of Leydig cells, a decreased testicular pertusion or a decreased response to hCG stimulation, suggest a primary testicular origin for the decreased androgen secretion and plasma levels, there is also evidence for alterations at the hypothalamo-pituitary pole of the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis. Indeed, besides the fact that notwithstanding adequate secretory reserve of both gonadotrophs and Leydig cells, LH secretion does not increase as to normalize free testosterone levels, recent studies have shown that whereas LH pulse frequency does not change with age, pulse amplitude decreases. Moreover there is evidence for a decreased opioid tone in elderly men, whereas the sensitivity of the gonadotrophs to GnRH remains, unchanged. The most plausible explanation of the decreased amplitude is a decreased mass of GnRH secreted at each pulse, possibly the consequence of a decreased cellular mass of the pulse generator. Hence, the hormonal substrate of the ‘andropause’ is characterized by decreased androgen levels but also by neuroendocrine changes which together may explain the symptomatology of this andropause. As to the effects of androgen supplementation of elderly men with low normal androgen levels, preliminary studies suggest favorable effects on muscle mass and strength, vigor, bone mass and general wellbeing, but it will only be possible to draw final conclusions concerning indications (as well as contraindications) for androgen supplementation in elderly men, when appropriate, well controlled large scale studies will have been performed.
92189652 A comparisonof nutrition knowledge and attitudes, dietary practices, and bone densities of postmenopausal women, female colkge athletes, and nonathletic college women Frederick L.; Hawkins S.T. Department of Home Economics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809
J. AM. DIET. ASSOC. 1992 92/3 (299-305) This study evaluated the nutrition knowledge and attitudes, dietary practices, and bone densities of four groups of women: 18 postmenopausal women, 14 college-aged dancers, 13 members of a college track team, and 14 nonathletic college women. Subjects completed a personal information questionnaire, a
effect of slow-release sodium fluoride treatment on cortical booe bi.9t0lOgy
and qdty
inO3wpOdcprtieOts
Zenvekh J.E.; Antich P.P.; Sakhaee K.; Prior J.; Gonzalez J.; Got&chalk F.; Pak C.Y.C. Ct. Mineral Metabolism/Clin. Res., Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ct., 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 72535-8885 BONE MINER. 1992 18/l (65-76)
260
We evaluated the effects of intermittent slow-release sodium fluoride (SRNaF) and continuous calcium citrate therapy on cortical bone histology, reflection ultrasound velocity (material strength) and backscattered electron image analysis (BEI) in 26 osteoporotic patients before and following therapy. All measurements were made on transiliac crest bone biopsies obtained before and following 2 years of therapy in each patient. For all 26 patients there were no significant changes in cortical bone histomorphometric parameters. In I5 patients in whom bone material quality was assessed by reflection ultrasound, there was no change in velocity (4000 * 227SD to 4013 f 240 m/s). BEI disclosed no mineralization defects or the presence of woven bone. Mean atomic number (density) of bone increased slightly, but significantly (9.261 f 0.311 to 9.457 + 0.223, P = 0.031). While these changes are less marked than those observed for cancellous bone, they indicate that this form of therapy does not adversely affect cortical bone remodelling. 92188240 The endocrhre substrate of the andropause Vermeulen A.; Bela&h J. Departement d’Endocrinologie, Clinique Universitaire. De Pintelaan 185, Gand
CONTRACEPT. FERTIL. SEX. 1992 20/5 (561-566) Whereas in middle aged women, the ovarian depletion of oocytes causes the irreversible end of the fertile period, a similar depletion of germ cells does not occur in men. Indeed, fertility, although declining with age, persists until a very old age in men. The end of the fertile period in women, called the menopause is accompanied by a neuroendocrine syndrome which, at least partially, is the consequence of a decrease of sex hormone levels. Similarly, in aging men, several clinical signs, such as a decreased pilosity, muscle mass and strength, asthenia, lack of energy and decrease of libido and sexual activity, suggest a hypoandrogenic state. This hypoandrogenic state is confirmed by the decreased plasma testosterone as well as intratissular androgen levels, the decrease being more pronounced for the bioavailable plasma testosterone than for total testosterone. Although a series of observations, such as a decrease in the number of Leydig cells, a decreased testicular pertusion or a decreased response to hCG stimulation, suggest a primary testicular origin for the decreased androgen secretion and plasma levels, there is also evidence for alterations at the hypothalamo-pituitary pole of the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis. Indeed, besides the fact that notwithstanding adequate secretory reserve of both gonadotrophs and Leydig cells, LH secretion does not increase as to normalize free testosterone levels, recent studies have shown that whereas LH pulse frequency does not change with age, pulse amplitude decreases. Moreover there is evidence for a decreased opioid tone in elderly men, whereas the sensitivity of the gonadotrophs to GnRH remains, unchanged. The most plausible explanation of the decreased amplitude is a decreased mass of GnRH secreted at each pulse, possibly the consequence of a decreased cellular mass of the pulse generator. Hence, the hormonal substrate of the ‘andropause’ is characterized by decreased androgen levels but also by neuroendocrine changes which together may explain the symptomatology of this andropause. As to the effects of androgen supplementation of elderly men with low normal androgen levels, preliminary studies suggest favorable effects on muscle mass and strength, vigor, bone mass and general wellbeing, but it will only be possible to draw final conclusions concerning indications (as well as contraindications) for androgen supplementation in elderly men, when appropriate, well controlled large scale studies will have been performed.
92189652 A comparisonof nutrition knowledge and attitudes, dietary practices, and bone densities of postmenopausal women, female colkge athletes, and nonathletic college women Frederick L.; Hawkins S.T. Department of Home Economics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809
J. AM. DIET. ASSOC. 1992 92/3 (299-305) This study evaluated the nutrition knowledge and attitudes, dietary practices, and bone densities of four groups of women: 18 postmenopausal women, 14 college-aged dancers, 13 members of a college track team, and 14 nonathletic college women. Subjects completed a personal information questionnaire, a