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9437449 Fuel distribution measurements in an engine using laser induced fluorescence of gasoline
Abvtracts 1994 JSAE Autumn Com,ention / J S A E Reriew 16 (1995) 95.-113
9437421 Air Fuel Ratio Behavior of Spark Ignition Engine at Transient Condition Masanori Okada, Jun-ichi Matsudaira, Masahiko Nakada (Toyota Motor Corporation), Kenji Kanehara, Motomasa lizuka (NIPPON SOKEN INC.), pp. 65-68, 11 figs., 2 tables, 5 refs. Poor Driveability, for example "hesitation", is caused by a too lean or too rich air-fuel ratio. The air-fuel ratio changes based on the amount of liquid fuel in the intake port. A measuring technique for this liquid fuel was developed and observed, showing that optimized injector direction minimized the liquid fuel amount and hence improves vehicle driveability. The optimized injector direction also minimizes the effect of gasoline volatility on the liquid fuel amount, and good driveability can be achieved for the wide range of gasoline T50.
9437430 Atomization and Spray Formation by an Air-Assisted Fuel Injector: Modeling and Numerical Simulation Takeshi Miyamoto. Takashi Kobayashi (ZEXEL Corporation), Yoichiro Matsumoto (The University of Tokyo), pp. 69-72, 6 figs., 10 refs. Computational models of air-assist atomization and transient fuel sprays have been developed to study the effect of the operating conditions of an air-assist hollow cone injector on the atomization and to study the effect of the atomization on the spray structure. Good agreement between the experiments and the predictions has been achieved. The results of the numerical simulation of the sprays indicate that fine atomization decreases the spray cone-angle and fine droplets forms solid structure of the sprays produced by hollow-cone injection.
9437449 Fuel Distribution Measurements in an Engine Using Laser Induced Fluorescence of Gasoline Taketoshi Fujikawa, Norikazu Katsumi, Kazuhiro Akihama (Toyota Central Res. & Develop. Labs., Inc.). pp. 73-76, 8 figs., 5 tables, 5 refs. A 2-D imaging technique of fuel distribution which utilizes thc LIF of gasoline itself with no fluorescence additives was investigated. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of gasoline/air mixturc were measured with a constant volume vessel. It was found that gasoline emits fluorescence from 270nm to 400nm in wavelength when excited by a 248nm KrF excimer laser. This technique was applied to an SI visualization engine to clarify the differences of fuel distribution in the cylinder during the intake and compression strokes when fuel supply conditions were changed Flame contours were also observed during combustion process.
9437458 A High Expansion Ratio Gasoline Engine with Intake Control Rotary Valve Installation: Part 3: Performance for Automotive Application Naoharu Ueda, Kohhei lchimaru, Hiroshi Sakai (The University of Tokyo), Hiroshi Kanesaka (Kanesaka Institute of Technology Inc.), Desmond E. Winterbone (UMIST). pp. 77-80, 9 figs., 2 tables, 2 refs. This paper is a sequential report on a high expansion ratio gasoline engine, which is installed with rotary valves at its intake passages to enable the effective compression ratio to bc variable. This paper describes the test results of the newly constructed engine for wide speed range operation. Demonstrated is the significant improvement in fuel consumption and in full torque characteristics as well as the great capability of load control by means of the rotary valves' timing control.
9437467 Air Flow Analysis for the Radial Flow Type Rotary Valve: Measurment of Static Flow Coefficient and Its Numerical Calculation Takumi Muroki, Yasuo Moriyoshi (Chiba University), Makoto Suzuki (Chiba University of Graduate Student), pp. ~1-84, 7 figs., 1 ref. Static flow coefficient (/xs) for the rotary valve was measured. As a result, the /xs shows different values at opening period and closing period even though at the same port area. So numerical calculation was made and concluded that the difference of ~ s value depends on the flow field with recirculation, turbulence and separation through the different shape of valve port passages.
109
9437476 Study of Electrical Turbo-compound System: 2nd Report: Optimization of System through Computer Simulation Keiji Kishishita, Kazuo Miyajima, Katsunori Hirai, Shigeki Hujita (Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co. Ltd.), pp. 85-88, 13 figs., 4 refs. In order to optimize the turbo-compound system for getting best fuel saving effect a computer simulation was made. The system was modeled precisely and the running condition of the components were examined. In the case of electrical turbo-compound system, it is possible to keep the power turbine speed with excellent efficiency over the wide range of running condition because the power turbine speed can be controlled independently from the engine speed.
9437485 Study of the Electrical Turbo-compound System: 3rd Report: Improvement of the efficiency of Ultra High Speed generator Kiyoshi Takeuchi, Keiji Kishishita, Yoshio Satoh, Katsunori Hirai, Katsumi Terauchi (Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute), pp. 89-92, 9 figs., 2 tables, 1 ref. We developed ultra high speed generator which is one of the most important components of the electrical turbo-compound system. For the improvement of the generator efficiency, we studied iron loss, windage loss and copper loss. In order to reduce these losses, we used a new stator material and optimized the stator core design. As the result, the ultra high speed generator with excellent efficiency was developed.
9437494 Effects of Diesel Fuel Properties on Particulate Emissions from D.I. Diesel Engine: part 2: Chemical Analysis and Characterization of Diesel Fuel Tadao Ogawa Toshimi Araga (Toyota CRDL) Masanori Okada Yoshio Fujimoto (Toyota Motor Corp.), pp. 93-96, 10 figs., 3 tables, 7 refs. Several analytical methods of diesel fuel were examined to clarify the relationship between the fuel properties and particulate emission. The method utilizing the polarity, boiling point, and molecular weight of hydrocarbon clarified the entire composition of the fuel. Based on the model of particulate formation, new criterion estimating particulate emission was found. The strongest correlation was observed between the rate of residual fuel (R r) multiplied by the C / H ratio, for instance, R r ×IC/H). t (T: e.g. 310°C)and particulate emission.
9437502 Mixture Preparation and HC Emissions of a 4-Valve Engine with Port Fuel Injection During Cold Starting and Warm-up Kiyonori Sekiguchi, Kimitaka Saito, Nobuo Imatake (Nippon Soken, Inc.). pp. 97-100, 12 figs., 2 tables, 9 refs. The effect of mixture preparation and fuel property during cold starting and warm-up period was clarified by observing fuel behavior and by quantitative analysis of both cylinder and intake port wall-wetting fuel. Results show that the cylinder wall-wetting occurs significantly during cold starting and warm-up period, and these phenomena affect engine-out hydrocarbon emissions. Furthermore, quantifying with a unique analytic method this paper describes the influence of mixture preparation and fuel property on the cylinder and intake port wall-wetting during cold starting and warm-up period.
9437511 Heat Battery for Quick Engine Warm-up and Quick Heating Koichi Nakata, Kazuhisa Mogi, Yoshihiro Yamamura (Toyota Motor Corporation), pp. 101-104, 14 figs., 1 table, 4 refs. Heat battery and its system were studied with the view of reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, and of quick cabin heating. The heat battery is composed of a latent heat material (CH3COONa-3H20) which has the characteristic of supercooling and a high performance heat-exchanger. Wasted heat energy from warmed engine-coolant was stored in the battery and discharged by phase change at next cold start. On the vehicle tests, it was confirmed that the heat battery reduced fuel consumption and HC emission during a short distance trip at a low temperature, and that it rised cabin air temperature quickly.
9437421 Air Fuel Ratio Behavior of Spark Ignition Engine at Transient Condition Masanori Okada, Jun-ichi Matsudaira, Masahiko Nakada (Toyota Motor Corporation), Kenji Kanehara, Motomasa lizuka (NIPPON SOKEN INC.), pp. 65-68, 11 figs., 2 tables, 5 refs. Poor Driveability, for example "hesitation", is caused by a too lean or too rich air-fuel ratio. The air-fuel ratio changes based on the amount of liquid fuel in the intake port. A measuring technique for this liquid fuel was developed and observed, showing that optimized injector direction minimized the liquid fuel amount and hence improves vehicle driveability. The optimized injector direction also minimizes the effect of gasoline volatility on the liquid fuel amount, and good driveability can be achieved for the wide range of gasoline T50.
9437430 Atomization and Spray Formation by an Air-Assisted Fuel Injector: Modeling and Numerical Simulation Takeshi Miyamoto. Takashi Kobayashi (ZEXEL Corporation), Yoichiro Matsumoto (The University of Tokyo), pp. 69-72, 6 figs., 10 refs. Computational models of air-assist atomization and transient fuel sprays have been developed to study the effect of the operating conditions of an air-assist hollow cone injector on the atomization and to study the effect of the atomization on the spray structure. Good agreement between the experiments and the predictions has been achieved. The results of the numerical simulation of the sprays indicate that fine atomization decreases the spray cone-angle and fine droplets forms solid structure of the sprays produced by hollow-cone injection.
9437449 Fuel Distribution Measurements in an Engine Using Laser Induced Fluorescence of Gasoline Taketoshi Fujikawa, Norikazu Katsumi, Kazuhiro Akihama (Toyota Central Res. & Develop. Labs., Inc.). pp. 73-76, 8 figs., 5 tables, 5 refs. A 2-D imaging technique of fuel distribution which utilizes thc LIF of gasoline itself with no fluorescence additives was investigated. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of gasoline/air mixturc were measured with a constant volume vessel. It was found that gasoline emits fluorescence from 270nm to 400nm in wavelength when excited by a 248nm KrF excimer laser. This technique was applied to an SI visualization engine to clarify the differences of fuel distribution in the cylinder during the intake and compression strokes when fuel supply conditions were changed Flame contours were also observed during combustion process.
9437458 A High Expansion Ratio Gasoline Engine with Intake Control Rotary Valve Installation: Part 3: Performance for Automotive Application Naoharu Ueda, Kohhei lchimaru, Hiroshi Sakai (The University of Tokyo), Hiroshi Kanesaka (Kanesaka Institute of Technology Inc.), Desmond E. Winterbone (UMIST). pp. 77-80, 9 figs., 2 tables, 2 refs. This paper is a sequential report on a high expansion ratio gasoline engine, which is installed with rotary valves at its intake passages to enable the effective compression ratio to bc variable. This paper describes the test results of the newly constructed engine for wide speed range operation. Demonstrated is the significant improvement in fuel consumption and in full torque characteristics as well as the great capability of load control by means of the rotary valves' timing control.
9437467 Air Flow Analysis for the Radial Flow Type Rotary Valve: Measurment of Static Flow Coefficient and Its Numerical Calculation Takumi Muroki, Yasuo Moriyoshi (Chiba University), Makoto Suzuki (Chiba University of Graduate Student), pp. ~1-84, 7 figs., 1 ref. Static flow coefficient (/xs) for the rotary valve was measured. As a result, the /xs shows different values at opening period and closing period even though at the same port area. So numerical calculation was made and concluded that the difference of ~ s value depends on the flow field with recirculation, turbulence and separation through the different shape of valve port passages.
109
9437476 Study of Electrical Turbo-compound System: 2nd Report: Optimization of System through Computer Simulation Keiji Kishishita, Kazuo Miyajima, Katsunori Hirai, Shigeki Hujita (Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co. Ltd.), pp. 85-88, 13 figs., 4 refs. In order to optimize the turbo-compound system for getting best fuel saving effect a computer simulation was made. The system was modeled precisely and the running condition of the components were examined. In the case of electrical turbo-compound system, it is possible to keep the power turbine speed with excellent efficiency over the wide range of running condition because the power turbine speed can be controlled independently from the engine speed.
9437485 Study of the Electrical Turbo-compound System: 3rd Report: Improvement of the efficiency of Ultra High Speed generator Kiyoshi Takeuchi, Keiji Kishishita, Yoshio Satoh, Katsunori Hirai, Katsumi Terauchi (Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute), pp. 89-92, 9 figs., 2 tables, 1 ref. We developed ultra high speed generator which is one of the most important components of the electrical turbo-compound system. For the improvement of the generator efficiency, we studied iron loss, windage loss and copper loss. In order to reduce these losses, we used a new stator material and optimized the stator core design. As the result, the ultra high speed generator with excellent efficiency was developed.
9437494 Effects of Diesel Fuel Properties on Particulate Emissions from D.I. Diesel Engine: part 2: Chemical Analysis and Characterization of Diesel Fuel Tadao Ogawa Toshimi Araga (Toyota CRDL) Masanori Okada Yoshio Fujimoto (Toyota Motor Corp.), pp. 93-96, 10 figs., 3 tables, 7 refs. Several analytical methods of diesel fuel were examined to clarify the relationship between the fuel properties and particulate emission. The method utilizing the polarity, boiling point, and molecular weight of hydrocarbon clarified the entire composition of the fuel. Based on the model of particulate formation, new criterion estimating particulate emission was found. The strongest correlation was observed between the rate of residual fuel (R r) multiplied by the C / H ratio, for instance, R r ×IC/H). t (T: e.g. 310°C)and particulate emission.
9437502 Mixture Preparation and HC Emissions of a 4-Valve Engine with Port Fuel Injection During Cold Starting and Warm-up Kiyonori Sekiguchi, Kimitaka Saito, Nobuo Imatake (Nippon Soken, Inc.). pp. 97-100, 12 figs., 2 tables, 9 refs. The effect of mixture preparation and fuel property during cold starting and warm-up period was clarified by observing fuel behavior and by quantitative analysis of both cylinder and intake port wall-wetting fuel. Results show that the cylinder wall-wetting occurs significantly during cold starting and warm-up period, and these phenomena affect engine-out hydrocarbon emissions. Furthermore, quantifying with a unique analytic method this paper describes the influence of mixture preparation and fuel property on the cylinder and intake port wall-wetting during cold starting and warm-up period.
9437511 Heat Battery for Quick Engine Warm-up and Quick Heating Koichi Nakata, Kazuhisa Mogi, Yoshihiro Yamamura (Toyota Motor Corporation), pp. 101-104, 14 figs., 1 table, 4 refs. Heat battery and its system were studied with the view of reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, and of quick cabin heating. The heat battery is composed of a latent heat material (CH3COONa-3H20) which has the characteristic of supercooling and a high performance heat-exchanger. Wasted heat energy from warmed engine-coolant was stored in the battery and discharged by phase change at next cold start. On the vehicle tests, it was confirmed that the heat battery reduced fuel consumption and HC emission during a short distance trip at a low temperature, and that it rised cabin air temperature quickly.