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00029 Lithologic and geochemical investigations of the Fire Clay coal bed, southeastern Kentucky, in the vicinity of sandstone washouts
01 A comparative stud of the trace element geo95iOOQ17 chemistry in coals from Alberta, E anada Gent&, T. and Goodarzi, F. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (2), 486-490. The elemental concentrations in the subbituminous coals from Alberta are related lo the environment of coal deposition, the presence of volcanoclastic layers (tonsteins), the action of groundwater, the degree of weathering, and the nature of countrv rocks. The coal seams studied contain low concentrations of environm;ntally or industrially sensitive elements, such as A, B (except for the Vesta coal), Cl, MO, Se, Na, Ca, U, and S, both vertically and laterally. The coals are ‘clean’ and suitable for utilization. Computer appilcation$ in the rxpiorivrr industry 95lOQO18 Hopler, R. R. Min. Eng. (Lirrleton, Cole.), 1994, 46, (6), 505-506. A review of the use of computer applications in the explosives industry. Discusses calculation of thermohydrodynamic properties of explosives to design formulations, process and quality control in explosives manufacturing, safety features, more even loading of e losives in boreholes, blast simulation programs, and vibration-control so&are. Computerized mine planning 95lQOO19 Marshall, H. and Francis, J. Coal, Oct. 1994, 99, (lo), 86-87. Describes Duvha Opencast Services (Pty) Ltd., which is one of the largest strip coal operations in South Africa, with pits stretching some 12 kiiometers. This opencast colliery is part of Randcoal and is contracted to supply 10 million mtpy of raw coal to Eskom’s Duvha power station. Computerized data processing plays a major role in the day-to-day running of the mine and constant review of computer systems ensures that Duvha remains competitive. Describes the computerized data s stem which has been developed over more than two decades. Scienti*E: lc computing fit was done with time-sharing and then on minicomputers at head office with a team of specialists who wrote the programs they used. The mines next were tied in with phone lines and terminals, then graphics capability was added, and is now adding RISC 6000 workstations. Differential thermal anaiyria of low-rank coal8 95/00020 Vasandani, A. G. and Shah, M. R. J. Therm. Anal., 1994, 41, (5), 1053-1061. Discusses the differential thermal analysis of low-rank coal of high lignite lo subbituminous rank from coal mines of Pakistan which was carried out in flowing 0. Distribution of microelements In humic substances 95100021 of brown coal Aleksandrov, I. V. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (3), 27-32. (In Russian) The paper discusses the effects of brown coal demineralization (2% HCI) and dibituminization on the distribution of trace elements in Na and NH, humates obtained from this coal. Empirical formulae for calculation of real density 95iQOO22 and total pore volume of hard coal8 Strugala, A. Fuel, Nov. 1994, 73, (ll), 1781-1785. Equations are derived for calculation of real density and total pore volume of hard coals from their ultimate and proximate analyses. Generalized solutions are obtained for organic matter and mineral matter contents in coals. In the case of organic matter a simplified structural model of coal is utilized. Coefficients and final mathematical expressions are determined by * apphcatlon of statistical methods. 95100023 Equipment population at rurface operations declines Valoski, M. P. and Argirakis, A. S. Coal, Sep. 1994, 99, (9), 51-52. The Pittsburgh Safety and Health Technology Center, with the cooperation of Coal Mine Safety and Health, conducted a census of internal combustion (IC) engine-powered surface mining equipment. Between July and October 1991, coal mine inspectors inventoried the IC engine-powered mining machines at approximately 30% of the 1,504 operating U.S. surface coal mines. Compares the currents results lo the results of a U.S. Bureau of Mines census, published in 1981, which revealed that approximately 12,847 fewer pieces of equipment now exist. 9SlQOO24 Evidence of synthetic generation of methyiphenanthrenes in sediments Voigtmann, M. F. er al., Fuel, Dec. 1994, 73, (12), 1899-1903. All isomers of methylphenanthrene are formed when phenanthrene is reacted with methane and/or long chain n-alkanes in the presence of coals or kaolinite in closed steel reactors in the range 230-360°C. In particular, the 3-methylphenanthrene isomer, for which a convincing degradative precursor-controlled source has not been described, becomes increasingly prominent at higher experimental temperature due to the 4-3 methyl shift promoted by steric interaction a1 the 4- and 5-positions. Therefore, a geosynthetic origin for the high concentration of 3-methylphenanthrene in mature carbonaceous sediments is indicated. Furthermore, in a broader sense, the data demonstrate the need to consider synthetic, in addition to degradative, reactions in maturational processes in sediments.
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
Experimental and theoretical anaiyrir of transfor%BW25 mation of coal structure in metamorphirm Skripchenko, G. B. and Kozlova, I. V. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (3), 19-26. (In Russian) Describes a 2-stage model of coal structure transformation during metamorphism. %/00020 Geochemicai modeling of red&in potential solid phase8 controiiln the dirsoived moiygdenum Pn coal ovorburden, Power RiverI3 arin, WY, U.S.A. Wang, L. et al., Appl. Geochem., 1994, 9, (l), 37-43. The paper discusses how surface coal mining processes may increase the dissolved Me concentrations in overburden (mine spoils) and in nearby soils. Spoil and soil samples were subjected to solubility studies for determining potential solid phases controlhng the dissolved MO. %I00027 Heating experimenta of kerogens for maturity evaiuation by FTiR. Propoui of IR maturation path diagram Takemura, C. and Akiyama, M. Seikiyu Gijutsu Kyokaishi, 1994,59, (3), 237-243. (In Japanese) Describes simulated maturation experiments of heated kerogens which were carried out to establish available maturity evaluation. Land roieaae spark8 ?? xpioration rurh 95/QOQ20 Oueensland Government Minine J.. Sea. 1994. 95. 30-38. &ports that the release of landh &&al Que&&and’s coal rich Bowen Basin in which coal exploration has been restricted since 1971 has sparked a rush from coal explorers from Australia and internationally. . 95100029 Lithoiogic and geochrmicai inveati ationr of the Fire Clay coal bed, southeastern Kentucky, in ! he vicinity of umdrtone waahoutr Andrews, W. M. et al., Int. .I. Coal Geol., 1994, 26, (l), 95-115. The Fire Clay Formation in eastern Kentucky is interrupted by a series of discontinuous sandstone bodies. This sand belt,. which includes two washouts, was studied in Perry County. The coal thickens toward the interruptions and the coal between the sand bodies is highly disturbed. Several prominent durains in the upper bench of the coal bed are laterally continuous within the study area. Statistical analysis indicates that the durain layers contribute much of the vertical coal quality variation. 951ooo30 Macroscopic and microrcopic fiuorescenco npectra of coal and coal component8 Reifenstein, A. P. er al., Int. J. Coal Geol., 1994, 26, (l), 79-94. Fluorescence spectra from 540 mn lo 700 nm, were obtained from the major microscopically identifiable components of a high volatile and a medium volatile coal. The liptinite spectra of both coals were blue shifted with respect to the vitrinite spectra. The inertinite spectra of the medium volatile coal had a similar form to the associated vitrinite spectra, although at a lower intensity. 95/00031 Meeting the challenge of mining automation Carter, R. A. Coal, Supplement - The Switched-on Mine, Sep. 1994, 99, (9). The author discusses mining automation, which has made inroads into practically every segment of the mining industry but is by no means a dominant factor in mining or processing minerals. 95/00032 Mid-column air deckr boost production biarting Davids, T. and Botha, B. J. Coal, Oct. 1994, 99, (lo), p. 38. An extensive soft siltstone layer in the middle of the inter-burden sequence of rocks at Syferfontein Colliery in South AFrica prompted tests to determine the effect of different mid-column decks. The object was to save on explosives costs without degrading dragline productivity. The initiation systems available in South Africa are limited. Middieibuit mine rirer new Joy miner. Special 95/00033 report South Africa Coal, Oct. 1994, 99, (lo), 74-77. Discusses the Sasol Coal Division’s Secunda Collieries which operates one surface and one underground coal mine and produces more than 40 million tons of coal a year as feed stock for Sasol’s chemical and synfuel plants. Describes the new generation of continuous miner which Sasol helped to design with Joy Technologies Inc., the Joy 12HM31, one of the largest continuous miners in the world. 95lOOo34 The molecular structure of redimentary (22R) 17 alpha, 21 beta (H)-homohopanr from an X-ray diffraction study Armanios, C. ef al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1994, 58, (13), 2941-2943. Reports on a study of a major hopanoid component of a Victorian brown coal which was isolated and shown to be (22R)17 alpha, 21 beta @I)homohopane by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Fuel and Energy Abotractr January 1995 3
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
Experimental and theoretical anaiyrir of transfor%BW25 mation of coal structure in metamorphirm Skripchenko, G. B. and Kozlova, I. V. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (3), 19-26. (In Russian) Describes a 2-stage model of coal structure transformation during metamorphism. %/00020 Geochemicai modeling of red&in potential solid phase8 controiiln the dirsoived moiygdenum Pn coal ovorburden, Power RiverI3 arin, WY, U.S.A. Wang, L. et al., Appl. Geochem., 1994, 9, (l), 37-43. The paper discusses how surface coal mining processes may increase the dissolved Me concentrations in overburden (mine spoils) and in nearby soils. Spoil and soil samples were subjected to solubility studies for determining potential solid phases controlhng the dissolved MO. %I00027 Heating experimenta of kerogens for maturity evaiuation by FTiR. Propoui of IR maturation path diagram Takemura, C. and Akiyama, M. Seikiyu Gijutsu Kyokaishi, 1994,59, (3), 237-243. (In Japanese) Describes simulated maturation experiments of heated kerogens which were carried out to establish available maturity evaluation. Land roieaae spark8 ?? xpioration rurh 95/QOQ20 Oueensland Government Minine J.. Sea. 1994. 95. 30-38. &ports that the release of landh &&al Que&&and’s coal rich Bowen Basin in which coal exploration has been restricted since 1971 has sparked a rush from coal explorers from Australia and internationally. . 95100029 Lithoiogic and geochrmicai inveati ationr of the Fire Clay coal bed, southeastern Kentucky, in ! he vicinity of umdrtone waahoutr Andrews, W. M. et al., Int. .I. Coal Geol., 1994, 26, (l), 95-115. The Fire Clay Formation in eastern Kentucky is interrupted by a series of discontinuous sandstone bodies. This sand belt,. which includes two washouts, was studied in Perry County. The coal thickens toward the interruptions and the coal between the sand bodies is highly disturbed. Several prominent durains in the upper bench of the coal bed are laterally continuous within the study area. Statistical analysis indicates that the durain layers contribute much of the vertical coal quality variation. 951ooo30 Macroscopic and microrcopic fiuorescenco npectra of coal and coal component8 Reifenstein, A. P. er al., Int. J. Coal Geol., 1994, 26, (l), 79-94. Fluorescence spectra from 540 mn lo 700 nm, were obtained from the major microscopically identifiable components of a high volatile and a medium volatile coal. The liptinite spectra of both coals were blue shifted with respect to the vitrinite spectra. The inertinite spectra of the medium volatile coal had a similar form to the associated vitrinite spectra, although at a lower intensity. 95/00031 Meeting the challenge of mining automation Carter, R. A. Coal, Supplement - The Switched-on Mine, Sep. 1994, 99, (9). The author discusses mining automation, which has made inroads into practically every segment of the mining industry but is by no means a dominant factor in mining or processing minerals. 95/00032 Mid-column air deckr boost production biarting Davids, T. and Botha, B. J. Coal, Oct. 1994, 99, (lo), p. 38. An extensive soft siltstone layer in the middle of the inter-burden sequence of rocks at Syferfontein Colliery in South AFrica prompted tests to determine the effect of different mid-column decks. The object was to save on explosives costs without degrading dragline productivity. The initiation systems available in South Africa are limited. Middieibuit mine rirer new Joy miner. Special 95/00033 report South Africa Coal, Oct. 1994, 99, (lo), 74-77. Discusses the Sasol Coal Division’s Secunda Collieries which operates one surface and one underground coal mine and produces more than 40 million tons of coal a year as feed stock for Sasol’s chemical and synfuel plants. Describes the new generation of continuous miner which Sasol helped to design with Joy Technologies Inc., the Joy 12HM31, one of the largest continuous miners in the world. 95lOOo34 The molecular structure of redimentary (22R) 17 alpha, 21 beta (H)-homohopanr from an X-ray diffraction study Armanios, C. ef al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1994, 58, (13), 2941-2943. Reports on a study of a major hopanoid component of a Victorian brown coal which was isolated and shown to be (22R)17 alpha, 21 beta @I)homohopane by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Fuel and Energy Abotractr January 1995 3