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00126 South Africa — An American perspective
02
South Africa - An Amrrlcan psrspectlve Sanda, A. P. Coal, Oct. 1994, 99, (lo), 60-63. Discusses mining operations in South Africa.
95100126
Derived Solid Fuels Addln value to coal converslon’s chsr. A strategy 95100127 for lower-price fueB9 Kruse, C. W. er al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (2). 601-605. Efforts were made to characterize and distinguish between types of oxidized carbon surfaces, especially those that have catalytic activity for elimination reactions, and those that have catalytic activity for elimination reactions, and those that have selective adsorption properties for aqueous organic compounds. An attempt was made to distinguish differences in surface N. 0. and S for a series of carbons bv XPS and relate these to catalytic properties. The reactions have applicaiion in the development of coal-derived semicokes as organic reaction catalysts.
Liquid fuels (sources, properties,
recovery)
Mschanlcal dowatering of ths flotation concentrstr 95100134 of coking cosl Pslica, M. Chem. Eng. Process., 1994, 33, (3), 141-149. The author discusses various mechanical methods for dewatering the flotation concentration of cokin coal, including vacuum, pressure and centrifueal filtration of both ta e feed slurrv and the slurrv condensed bv sedimen?ation,. and also centrifugal filtratioi of the cakes kbtained durini vacuum filtration. Demonstrates that the most efficient dewatering may be expected using centrifugal filtration of the cakes initially dewatered in vacuum filters. Pretreatment and physical actlvatlon of scetylene Stoeckli, F. and Huguenin, D. Fuel, Dec. 1994, 73, (12), 1929-1930. Pretreatment of acetylene cokes at 45O’C with a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and water vapour creates a relatively large surface area and some mitial microporosity, further developed by water activation at 800°C. For the same de&e of burn-off, but tiithoui pretreatment, large micro res (L>2-3 nm) are obtained and the external surface area remains smalp” . 95lOO136 Process for clean-burnlng fusl from low-rsnk coal Merriam, N. W. et al., (Assigned to) Western Research Institute, US Pat. US.5,322,530, Jun. 1994.
95100120
The characterlzatlon of Interfaces between textural components In metallurgical cokes Barriocanal, C. et al., Fuel, Dec. 1994, 73, (12), 1842-1847. Six coals, representing the rank range normally encountered in commercial coking, were carbonized in a small oven to give dense cokes, of tensile strength comparable with that of good-quality blast-furnace coke. Interfaces between the different textural components in the cokes were studied by polarized-light microscopy. It proved possible to classify interfaces according to their perceived quality, to quantify their occurrence by pointcounting and to calculate interface quality indices for the coke as a whole or for interfaces involving individual textural components. Interfaces between vitrinite-derived reactive coke components were superior to those involving inerts, but the inerts content of a coke did not have a marked influence on the coke interface quality index. 95100129
Coal transportation and feeding method for coke ovens lnoe, K. and Ikari, H. (Assigned to) Sumitomo Metal Ind., JAP. Pat.
JP.06136362,
May 1994.
95/00130
Evaluatlon of a delayed coking process by ‘H and “C n.m.r. spectroscopy: 1. Material balances Rodriguez, J. et al. Fuel, Dec. 1994, 73, (12), 1863-1869. The use of ‘H and “C nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy to evaluate the performance of a dElayed coking pr&ess is presented-in a series of pa ers, of which this is the fit. A meaningful analysis requires an accurate %alance, which in turn requires analysis of the various types of atoms in the feed and in all roducts, including solid coke, as well as the amounts of each. Product viePds were determined in a delaved coking oilot plant. Complete n.m.r. characterization of feed and allhelayed gking products, using a consistent classification, was combined with pilot plant data to obtain the total distribution of carbon and proton atoms in the delayed coking process. 95lOO131 Evaluation of a delayed coking process by ‘H and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy: 2. Detailed Interpretation of liquid n.m.r. spectra Rodriguiz, J. et al., Fuel, Dec. 1994, 73, (12), 1870-1875. The ‘H and “C nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectra of a delayed coking feedstock and products, presented in a previous paper, are analysed here in detail by matching results from inspection of both nuclei. The conventional spectra of whole samples are used in combination with elemental analysis data, and substantial agreement is obtained. Differences are explored to yield valuable information. Interpretation of some band assignments is modified to account for new results. This approach results in a detailed quantitative estimation of a few key structures that contain the main functional groups that characterize these petroleum fractions. 95100132 Formed coke Watakabe, S. er al., (Assigned to) Kawasaki Steel Co., JAP. Pat. JP.O6,136,363, May 1994.
Formed coke for blast furnaces is manufactured by coking formed coal with a eneral shape by combining a plurality of basic spherical shapes, e.g., pll,f ow, cylindrical, oval, and polygonal shapes. 95100133
Manufacture of highly reactlvs cokes Yamaguchi, K. and Uno, T. (Assigned to) Nippon Steel Corp., JAP. Pat.
JP.O6,136,364, May 1994. A process for the manufacture of highly reactive cokes which can be used in a blast furnace.
A process for upgrading and stabilizing low-rank coal involving the sequential processing of the coal through three fluidized beds; first a dryer, then a pyrolyzer, and finally a cooler. The product exits with a tar-like Ditch sealant to enhance its safetvs durinnI storane. s
1
95100137 Study on char formation mechanism from woody brown coal Shu, X. et al., Meitan Zhuanhua, 1994, 17, (2), 20-24. (In Chinese)
02 LIQUID FUELS Sources, Properties, Recovery 95100139
Alumlnlum toos Troll West
Ohhore Engineer, Sep. 199;; i. 20.
A review of the latest developments in materials technology for the offshore scene. A short report on the growing success of alummium. An analysis of generation, mlgratlon and accumulation of hydrocarbons and characterlstlcs of formatlon of reservoirs In the hinterland of Juriggsr Basln Kuang, J. Shiyou Kantan Yu Kaifa, 1994, 21, (2), 7-21. (In Chinese) In this paper, the spatial distribution as well as history of thermal evolution of the source formations are illustrated, the lateral secondary mi ration of oil and gas and their accumulation is analyzed, the areas favoura%le to the accumulation of oil and gas are pointed and the amount of oil and gas accumulated is estimated. 95100139
95lOOl40 Chemical, molecular and Isotopic dlfferentlatlon of organic faclss In the Tertlary lacustrlne Duarlnga oil shale deposit, Queensland, Australia Boreham, C. J. et aZ., Or. Geochem., 1994, 21, (6), 685-712. Total organic matter, extractable organic matter Ibit&ienL and ovrolvzates released-on low-tetiperature seale&tube pyrolysis of k&ogen’heri analyzed chemically and isotopically. Based on bulk bitumen and biomarker parameters, the sediments are immature to a depth of approximately 1300 111. 95/00141 Composltlon and origin of the allphatlc extractable hydrocarbons In the Puertollano (Spain) oil shale Del Rio, J. C. et al., Org. Geochem., 1994, 21, (8), 897-909. Describes the composition of the saturated aliphatic fraction extractable from the Puertollano oil shale, the most important deposit of this material in the Iberian Peninsula, which has been studied by GC and GC-MS. 95100142 Effect of added surfactant on lntsrfsclsl tenslon and spontaneous smulslflcatlon In alkslllacldlc oil systems Rudin. J. et al.. Ind. Em Chem. Res.. Mav 1994. 33. 151. 1150-1158. An experiment4 investigayion of the bu&ered surfa&an&&anced alkaline flooding system chemistry was undertaken to determine the influence of various species resent on interfacial tension as a function of pH and ionic strength. Phase & haviour tests that monitor the extent of emulsification are sufficient to determine the region of low interfacial tension. Optimization of interfacial tension by adjustment of the ionic stren th alone may not necessarily provide the lowest interfacial tension under #Ie best conditions. The pH should be simultaneously optimized along with ionic strength to allow better control over attainment of low interfacial tension. The effect of aromatization on the Isotopic compositions of hydrocarbons during early dlagsnesls Freeman, K. H. et al., Org. Geochem., 1994, 21, (lo), 1037-1049. 95loo143
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1995 9
South Africa - An Amrrlcan psrspectlve Sanda, A. P. Coal, Oct. 1994, 99, (lo), 60-63. Discusses mining operations in South Africa.
95100126
Derived Solid Fuels Addln value to coal converslon’s chsr. A strategy 95100127 for lower-price fueB9 Kruse, C. W. er al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (2). 601-605. Efforts were made to characterize and distinguish between types of oxidized carbon surfaces, especially those that have catalytic activity for elimination reactions, and those that have catalytic activity for elimination reactions, and those that have selective adsorption properties for aqueous organic compounds. An attempt was made to distinguish differences in surface N. 0. and S for a series of carbons bv XPS and relate these to catalytic properties. The reactions have applicaiion in the development of coal-derived semicokes as organic reaction catalysts.
Liquid fuels (sources, properties,
recovery)
Mschanlcal dowatering of ths flotation concentrstr 95100134 of coking cosl Pslica, M. Chem. Eng. Process., 1994, 33, (3), 141-149. The author discusses various mechanical methods for dewatering the flotation concentration of cokin coal, including vacuum, pressure and centrifueal filtration of both ta e feed slurrv and the slurrv condensed bv sedimen?ation,. and also centrifugal filtratioi of the cakes kbtained durini vacuum filtration. Demonstrates that the most efficient dewatering may be expected using centrifugal filtration of the cakes initially dewatered in vacuum filters. Pretreatment and physical actlvatlon of scetylene Stoeckli, F. and Huguenin, D. Fuel, Dec. 1994, 73, (12), 1929-1930. Pretreatment of acetylene cokes at 45O’C with a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and water vapour creates a relatively large surface area and some mitial microporosity, further developed by water activation at 800°C. For the same de&e of burn-off, but tiithoui pretreatment, large micro res (L>2-3 nm) are obtained and the external surface area remains smalp” . 95lOO136 Process for clean-burnlng fusl from low-rsnk coal Merriam, N. W. et al., (Assigned to) Western Research Institute, US Pat. US.5,322,530, Jun. 1994.
95100120
The characterlzatlon of Interfaces between textural components In metallurgical cokes Barriocanal, C. et al., Fuel, Dec. 1994, 73, (12), 1842-1847. Six coals, representing the rank range normally encountered in commercial coking, were carbonized in a small oven to give dense cokes, of tensile strength comparable with that of good-quality blast-furnace coke. Interfaces between the different textural components in the cokes were studied by polarized-light microscopy. It proved possible to classify interfaces according to their perceived quality, to quantify their occurrence by pointcounting and to calculate interface quality indices for the coke as a whole or for interfaces involving individual textural components. Interfaces between vitrinite-derived reactive coke components were superior to those involving inerts, but the inerts content of a coke did not have a marked influence on the coke interface quality index. 95100129
Coal transportation and feeding method for coke ovens lnoe, K. and Ikari, H. (Assigned to) Sumitomo Metal Ind., JAP. Pat.
JP.06136362,
May 1994.
95/00130
Evaluatlon of a delayed coking process by ‘H and “C n.m.r. spectroscopy: 1. Material balances Rodriguez, J. et al. Fuel, Dec. 1994, 73, (12), 1863-1869. The use of ‘H and “C nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy to evaluate the performance of a dElayed coking pr&ess is presented-in a series of pa ers, of which this is the fit. A meaningful analysis requires an accurate %alance, which in turn requires analysis of the various types of atoms in the feed and in all roducts, including solid coke, as well as the amounts of each. Product viePds were determined in a delaved coking oilot plant. Complete n.m.r. characterization of feed and allhelayed gking products, using a consistent classification, was combined with pilot plant data to obtain the total distribution of carbon and proton atoms in the delayed coking process. 95lOO131 Evaluation of a delayed coking process by ‘H and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy: 2. Detailed Interpretation of liquid n.m.r. spectra Rodriguiz, J. et al., Fuel, Dec. 1994, 73, (12), 1870-1875. The ‘H and “C nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectra of a delayed coking feedstock and products, presented in a previous paper, are analysed here in detail by matching results from inspection of both nuclei. The conventional spectra of whole samples are used in combination with elemental analysis data, and substantial agreement is obtained. Differences are explored to yield valuable information. Interpretation of some band assignments is modified to account for new results. This approach results in a detailed quantitative estimation of a few key structures that contain the main functional groups that characterize these petroleum fractions. 95100132 Formed coke Watakabe, S. er al., (Assigned to) Kawasaki Steel Co., JAP. Pat. JP.O6,136,363, May 1994.
Formed coke for blast furnaces is manufactured by coking formed coal with a eneral shape by combining a plurality of basic spherical shapes, e.g., pll,f ow, cylindrical, oval, and polygonal shapes. 95100133
Manufacture of highly reactlvs cokes Yamaguchi, K. and Uno, T. (Assigned to) Nippon Steel Corp., JAP. Pat.
JP.O6,136,364, May 1994. A process for the manufacture of highly reactive cokes which can be used in a blast furnace.
A process for upgrading and stabilizing low-rank coal involving the sequential processing of the coal through three fluidized beds; first a dryer, then a pyrolyzer, and finally a cooler. The product exits with a tar-like Ditch sealant to enhance its safetvs durinnI storane. s
1
95100137 Study on char formation mechanism from woody brown coal Shu, X. et al., Meitan Zhuanhua, 1994, 17, (2), 20-24. (In Chinese)
02 LIQUID FUELS Sources, Properties, Recovery 95100139
Alumlnlum toos Troll West
Ohhore Engineer, Sep. 199;; i. 20.
A review of the latest developments in materials technology for the offshore scene. A short report on the growing success of alummium. An analysis of generation, mlgratlon and accumulation of hydrocarbons and characterlstlcs of formatlon of reservoirs In the hinterland of Juriggsr Basln Kuang, J. Shiyou Kantan Yu Kaifa, 1994, 21, (2), 7-21. (In Chinese) In this paper, the spatial distribution as well as history of thermal evolution of the source formations are illustrated, the lateral secondary mi ration of oil and gas and their accumulation is analyzed, the areas favoura%le to the accumulation of oil and gas are pointed and the amount of oil and gas accumulated is estimated. 95100139
95lOOl40 Chemical, molecular and Isotopic dlfferentlatlon of organic faclss In the Tertlary lacustrlne Duarlnga oil shale deposit, Queensland, Australia Boreham, C. J. et aZ., Or. Geochem., 1994, 21, (6), 685-712. Total organic matter, extractable organic matter Ibit&ienL and ovrolvzates released-on low-tetiperature seale&tube pyrolysis of k&ogen’heri analyzed chemically and isotopically. Based on bulk bitumen and biomarker parameters, the sediments are immature to a depth of approximately 1300 111. 95/00141 Composltlon and origin of the allphatlc extractable hydrocarbons In the Puertollano (Spain) oil shale Del Rio, J. C. et al., Org. Geochem., 1994, 21, (8), 897-909. Describes the composition of the saturated aliphatic fraction extractable from the Puertollano oil shale, the most important deposit of this material in the Iberian Peninsula, which has been studied by GC and GC-MS. 95100142 Effect of added surfactant on lntsrfsclsl tenslon and spontaneous smulslflcatlon In alkslllacldlc oil systems Rudin. J. et al.. Ind. Em Chem. Res.. Mav 1994. 33. 151. 1150-1158. An experiment4 investigayion of the bu&ered surfa&an&&anced alkaline flooding system chemistry was undertaken to determine the influence of various species resent on interfacial tension as a function of pH and ionic strength. Phase & haviour tests that monitor the extent of emulsification are sufficient to determine the region of low interfacial tension. Optimization of interfacial tension by adjustment of the ionic stren th alone may not necessarily provide the lowest interfacial tension under #Ie best conditions. The pH should be simultaneously optimized along with ionic strength to allow better control over attainment of low interfacial tension. The effect of aromatization on the Isotopic compositions of hydrocarbons during early dlagsnesls Freeman, K. H. et al., Org. Geochem., 1994, 21, (lo), 1037-1049. 95loo143
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1995 9