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00309 Upstream opportunities created by the new gas markets
03
Gaseous
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95/00308 Ukralnlan gas - Surrounded by debt and dlepute Barraclough, C. Petroleum Review, Sep. 1994, 48, (572), 430-431. On 17 August, Ukraine and Russia agreed to a timetable for Ukraine’s payment of gas debts to Russia. In return, the Russian authorities pledged to guarantee adequate shipments of gas through the coming winter. With almost 90% of Russia’s gas exports to Europe piped through the territory of Ukraine, the settlement should guarantee European gas supplies from former Soviet states until next year.
Y2s9 Handley, R. L.
Upstream opportunities created by the new gas
Petroleum Review, Nov. 1994, 48, (574), 500-503. After a brief overview of the major changes which have affected the British gas market since 1986 and the privatisation of British Gas, the paper focuses on some opportunities available to the gas industry upstream of the beach terminal, which are created primarily by the changes affecting the downstream industry.
95lOO310 What future for the GCC? Kay, H. Uri&Week, Oct. 1994, 1, (6). 20-21. Reports that the debate over the future of the Gas Consumers Council raises a key question: should consumers have independent input into regulation of the utilities, or are they better served by an organisation that can draw on the clout of the watchdog? 95/00311 Who’s blg In gas: Mobll seeks to consolidate a world In gas Gas Matters, Jul. 1994, 14-21. A profile of Mobils position in the international gas market.
Derived Gaseous Fuels Appllcatlon of computer slmulatlon In a design 95100312 study of a new concept of pulverized coal gaslflcatlon. Part I. Rationale of the concept and model of hydrodynamics and heat transfer In the reactor Cornbust. Sci. Technol., 1994, 97, (4), Hanjalic, K. and Sijercic, M. 331-350.
Discusses a new concept of direct gasification of ulverized coal in a stream reactor which was studied mathematically. TRe method presumes that gasification of pulverized coal will occur in the annular region of a cylindrical reactor during the co-current flow of coal-oxidant mixture in the peripheral zone and hot combustion products, serving as a heat source, in the core region of the reactor. The process was treated as a reactive, multi-component, two-phase mixture flow with simultaneous combustion in the core and coal gasification in the peripheral annular region of the reactor. with radiative heat exchange between the two co-current streams. The gas phase was described in thg Eulerian frame and the discrete phase in the Lagrangian frame, in which the mutual mass and heat transfer between the two phases were taken into account. Appllcatlon of computer slmulatlon In a deslgn 95100313 study of a new concept of ulverlzed coal gaslflcatlon. Part II. Model of coal reac!lqnr anCPdlscusrlon of rerultr Combust. Sci. Technol., 1994, 97, (4), S&K$;~ M. and HanJahc, K. Presents’the results of the mathematical simulation of a new concept of direct gasification of pulverized coal in a stream reactor. The new method presumes that gasification of pulverized coal will occur in the annular renion of a cvlindrical reactor during the co-current flow of coal-oxidant mixture in th; peripheral zOneand bt combustion products-serving as a heat source in the core region of the reactor. Part I of the paper outlined the rationale of the gasification concept, and Part II deals with coal chemical reactions relevant to the considered gasification concept and presents some results of computation by the complete mode1 of the process. Appllcatlon of the Brltlsh Gas/Lurgl flxed-bed gas95/00314 Iffcatlon process In thr U.S. DOE clean coal five program Edmonds, R. F. ef al., Proc. Am. Power Con$, 1994, 56, (l), 501-507. The paper discusses the British Gas/Lurgi fixed-bed coal gasification rocess and its incorporation into the U.S. Department of Energy’s Clean &al Five program for development of clean power generation from coal. Bowen Basin coal sesm methane 95lOO315 Queensland Government Mining J., Oct. 1994, 95, p. 11. Reoorts that MGC Resources Australia and MIM Holdinns Ptv Ltd. believe thiy are making significant progress with their coal se&methane exploration in the Bowen Basin. Charactorlstlcs of coal char gaslflcatlon at hlgh 95100316 temperature. I. Effect of ssh fuslon on cosl char gaslflcetlon Zhu, Z. et al., Huagong Xuebao (Chin. Ed.), 1994, 45, (2), 147-154. (In Chinese)
18 Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1995
95100317
Coal gaslflcatlon In a jet-spouted bed Tsuii, T. and Uemaki, 0. Can. J. Chem. Enn.. 1994. 72. 131.504-510. Reports on a study of coal gasification for the-iroduction bi &thesis gas using a laboratory-scale two-stage, jet-spouted bed reactor. The tests were conducted in the dry ash mode with oxygen-steam mixtures. The effects of operating conditions on the gasification performance were investigated at atmospheric pressure and temperatures up to 1150”. 95/003re Coal/oil coprocesslng using syngas: Effects of Da0 durlng hydrodesulfurlzatlon Fu, Y. C. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (2). . ,. 606-610. The paper discusses deuterium exchange in hydrodesulphurization of dibenzothiophene in synthesis gas-steam mixtures, as a model reaction in co-liquefaction and coprocessing of coal with petroleum residues, with D,O- and D,-containing gaseous reactant. Extensive H-D exchange was observed between dibenzothiophene and D,O in N was consistent with previous literature results on the exchange with H,O with coal phenolic model compounds. 95100319 Effect of promoters on the co-preclpltated FeIMn catalyst for FT synthesis. IV. Study on performance of the catalysts for FT synthrsls Yan, S. Tianranqi Huagong, 1994, 19, (2), 22-26. (In Chinese) The effect of promoters (La, V, Zn and K) on the performance of the coprecipitated Fe/Mn catalyst for CO + H, synthesis is studied at 1.1 MPa in a fixed-bed microreactor. The results showed that the addition of La and K decreases the conversion of CO + H, and raises the selectivity to hydrocarbons, reduces CH, content and increases C,, content of the roduct, increases the average molecular weight of the products as we1P as the olefin/paraffin ratio. 95100320 Effect of promoters on the co-preclpltated FelMn catalysts for FT synthesis. Ill. MES analysis of the catalysts Yan, S. et al., Tianranqui Huagong, 1994, 19, (2), 16-21. (In Chinese) The paper describes how by using Mossbauer effect spectroscopy, the effect of Promoters, such as La, K, V, and Zn, on the phase composition of co-precipitated Fe/Mn catalyst after calcination, reduction and FischerTropsch synthesis. ::z32’
Gaslflcatlon reactlvlty of some Western Canadian
Yang, Y. and Watkinson, A. P. Fuel, Nov. 1994, 73, (ll), 1786-1791. Chars derived under one set of pyrolysis conditions from seven Western Canadian coals ranging from lignite to bituminous, and with an average particle size of 1.3 mm, were gasified with steam in a stirred-bed reactor at 870 and 930°C. Carbon conversion was plotted versus time, and the kinetits were evaluated according to semi-empirical models from the literature. The reactivity changes with rank were correlated with coal and char properties, and the data fitted to generalized equations. 95100322 Gsolo lcal and hydrological controls on the produclblllty of coa8, ed methane Kaiser, W. R. et al., J. Geol. Sot. (London), 1994, 151, (3), 417-420. Geological and hydrological comparison of two United States coalbed methane basins, the prolific San Juan Basin and the marginally producing Sand Wash Basin, indicates that coal distribution and rank, gas content, permeability, ground-water flow, and depositional and structural setting are critical controls on coalbed methane producibility. A comple interplay, and moreover, a synergy among these controls determines high productivity. The paper proposes a basin-scale explanation for the prolific and marginal production in the two basins and that can be apphed to evaluation of cpalbed methane potential in coal basins worldwide. 95100323 Hydrogen production from coal converslon under high-power electron beams Yermakov, A. N. et al., Inc. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1994,19, (lo), 803-806. The paper describes a large-scale study of coal gasification by steam and coal coking processes under an electron beam with a power of up to 80 kW. The product formation rates, energy consumption and energy store in products were determined. Energy &iciency -of the pro&es were estimated. 95100324 Hydrogen recovery from hydrogen sulfide by oxldatlon and by decomposltlon ${yl,I> and Kung, H. H. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., May 1994, 33, (5), Selective oxidation of hydrogen sulphide to hydrogen and sulphur oxides in a two-step process and the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen sulphide were studied for the recovery of hydrogen from hydrogen sulphide. Landflll gas - Can the challenge be met? 95100325 Eden, R. Energy World Oct. 1994, (222), 13-14. Landfill sites represent a not inconsiderable contributor to greenhouse gases - most notably in the form of methane, a far more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. One option is incinerate the waste, with heat recovery. Another, outlined in this article, is to bum the unwanted gas for power generation. Discusses the feasibility of such projects.
Gaseous
flJ8iS
(d8riV8d
QtlS8OUS
flJ8k)
95/00308 Ukralnlan gas - Surrounded by debt and dlepute Barraclough, C. Petroleum Review, Sep. 1994, 48, (572), 430-431. On 17 August, Ukraine and Russia agreed to a timetable for Ukraine’s payment of gas debts to Russia. In return, the Russian authorities pledged to guarantee adequate shipments of gas through the coming winter. With almost 90% of Russia’s gas exports to Europe piped through the territory of Ukraine, the settlement should guarantee European gas supplies from former Soviet states until next year.
Y2s9 Handley, R. L.
Upstream opportunities created by the new gas
Petroleum Review, Nov. 1994, 48, (574), 500-503. After a brief overview of the major changes which have affected the British gas market since 1986 and the privatisation of British Gas, the paper focuses on some opportunities available to the gas industry upstream of the beach terminal, which are created primarily by the changes affecting the downstream industry.
95lOO310 What future for the GCC? Kay, H. Uri&Week, Oct. 1994, 1, (6). 20-21. Reports that the debate over the future of the Gas Consumers Council raises a key question: should consumers have independent input into regulation of the utilities, or are they better served by an organisation that can draw on the clout of the watchdog? 95/00311 Who’s blg In gas: Mobll seeks to consolidate a world In gas Gas Matters, Jul. 1994, 14-21. A profile of Mobils position in the international gas market.
Derived Gaseous Fuels Appllcatlon of computer slmulatlon In a design 95100312 study of a new concept of pulverized coal gaslflcatlon. Part I. Rationale of the concept and model of hydrodynamics and heat transfer In the reactor Cornbust. Sci. Technol., 1994, 97, (4), Hanjalic, K. and Sijercic, M. 331-350.
Discusses a new concept of direct gasification of ulverized coal in a stream reactor which was studied mathematically. TRe method presumes that gasification of pulverized coal will occur in the annular region of a cylindrical reactor during the co-current flow of coal-oxidant mixture in the peripheral zone and hot combustion products, serving as a heat source, in the core region of the reactor. The process was treated as a reactive, multi-component, two-phase mixture flow with simultaneous combustion in the core and coal gasification in the peripheral annular region of the reactor. with radiative heat exchange between the two co-current streams. The gas phase was described in thg Eulerian frame and the discrete phase in the Lagrangian frame, in which the mutual mass and heat transfer between the two phases were taken into account. Appllcatlon of computer slmulatlon In a deslgn 95100313 study of a new concept of ulverlzed coal gaslflcatlon. Part II. Model of coal reac!lqnr anCPdlscusrlon of rerultr Combust. Sci. Technol., 1994, 97, (4), S&K$;~ M. and HanJahc, K. Presents’the results of the mathematical simulation of a new concept of direct gasification of pulverized coal in a stream reactor. The new method presumes that gasification of pulverized coal will occur in the annular renion of a cvlindrical reactor during the co-current flow of coal-oxidant mixture in th; peripheral zOneand bt combustion products-serving as a heat source in the core region of the reactor. Part I of the paper outlined the rationale of the gasification concept, and Part II deals with coal chemical reactions relevant to the considered gasification concept and presents some results of computation by the complete mode1 of the process. Appllcatlon of the Brltlsh Gas/Lurgl flxed-bed gas95/00314 Iffcatlon process In thr U.S. DOE clean coal five program Edmonds, R. F. ef al., Proc. Am. Power Con$, 1994, 56, (l), 501-507. The paper discusses the British Gas/Lurgi fixed-bed coal gasification rocess and its incorporation into the U.S. Department of Energy’s Clean &al Five program for development of clean power generation from coal. Bowen Basin coal sesm methane 95lOO315 Queensland Government Mining J., Oct. 1994, 95, p. 11. Reoorts that MGC Resources Australia and MIM Holdinns Ptv Ltd. believe thiy are making significant progress with their coal se&methane exploration in the Bowen Basin. Charactorlstlcs of coal char gaslflcatlon at hlgh 95100316 temperature. I. Effect of ssh fuslon on cosl char gaslflcetlon Zhu, Z. et al., Huagong Xuebao (Chin. Ed.), 1994, 45, (2), 147-154. (In Chinese)
18 Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1995
95100317
Coal gaslflcatlon In a jet-spouted bed Tsuii, T. and Uemaki, 0. Can. J. Chem. Enn.. 1994. 72. 131.504-510. Reports on a study of coal gasification for the-iroduction bi &thesis gas using a laboratory-scale two-stage, jet-spouted bed reactor. The tests were conducted in the dry ash mode with oxygen-steam mixtures. The effects of operating conditions on the gasification performance were investigated at atmospheric pressure and temperatures up to 1150”. 95/003re Coal/oil coprocesslng using syngas: Effects of Da0 durlng hydrodesulfurlzatlon Fu, Y. C. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (2). . ,. 606-610. The paper discusses deuterium exchange in hydrodesulphurization of dibenzothiophene in synthesis gas-steam mixtures, as a model reaction in co-liquefaction and coprocessing of coal with petroleum residues, with D,O- and D,-containing gaseous reactant. Extensive H-D exchange was observed between dibenzothiophene and D,O in N was consistent with previous literature results on the exchange with H,O with coal phenolic model compounds. 95100319 Effect of promoters on the co-preclpltated FeIMn catalyst for FT synthesis. IV. Study on performance of the catalysts for FT synthrsls Yan, S. Tianranqi Huagong, 1994, 19, (2), 22-26. (In Chinese) The effect of promoters (La, V, Zn and K) on the performance of the coprecipitated Fe/Mn catalyst for CO + H, synthesis is studied at 1.1 MPa in a fixed-bed microreactor. The results showed that the addition of La and K decreases the conversion of CO + H, and raises the selectivity to hydrocarbons, reduces CH, content and increases C,, content of the roduct, increases the average molecular weight of the products as we1P as the olefin/paraffin ratio. 95100320 Effect of promoters on the co-preclpltated FelMn catalysts for FT synthesis. Ill. MES analysis of the catalysts Yan, S. et al., Tianranqui Huagong, 1994, 19, (2), 16-21. (In Chinese) The paper describes how by using Mossbauer effect spectroscopy, the effect of Promoters, such as La, K, V, and Zn, on the phase composition of co-precipitated Fe/Mn catalyst after calcination, reduction and FischerTropsch synthesis. ::z32’
Gaslflcatlon reactlvlty of some Western Canadian
Yang, Y. and Watkinson, A. P. Fuel, Nov. 1994, 73, (ll), 1786-1791. Chars derived under one set of pyrolysis conditions from seven Western Canadian coals ranging from lignite to bituminous, and with an average particle size of 1.3 mm, were gasified with steam in a stirred-bed reactor at 870 and 930°C. Carbon conversion was plotted versus time, and the kinetits were evaluated according to semi-empirical models from the literature. The reactivity changes with rank were correlated with coal and char properties, and the data fitted to generalized equations. 95100322 Gsolo lcal and hydrological controls on the produclblllty of coa8, ed methane Kaiser, W. R. et al., J. Geol. Sot. (London), 1994, 151, (3), 417-420. Geological and hydrological comparison of two United States coalbed methane basins, the prolific San Juan Basin and the marginally producing Sand Wash Basin, indicates that coal distribution and rank, gas content, permeability, ground-water flow, and depositional and structural setting are critical controls on coalbed methane producibility. A comple interplay, and moreover, a synergy among these controls determines high productivity. The paper proposes a basin-scale explanation for the prolific and marginal production in the two basins and that can be apphed to evaluation of cpalbed methane potential in coal basins worldwide. 95100323 Hydrogen production from coal converslon under high-power electron beams Yermakov, A. N. et al., Inc. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1994,19, (lo), 803-806. The paper describes a large-scale study of coal gasification by steam and coal coking processes under an electron beam with a power of up to 80 kW. The product formation rates, energy consumption and energy store in products were determined. Energy &iciency -of the pro&es were estimated. 95100324 Hydrogen recovery from hydrogen sulfide by oxldatlon and by decomposltlon ${yl,I> and Kung, H. H. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., May 1994, 33, (5), Selective oxidation of hydrogen sulphide to hydrogen and sulphur oxides in a two-step process and the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen sulphide were studied for the recovery of hydrogen from hydrogen sulphide. Landflll gas - Can the challenge be met? 95100325 Eden, R. Energy World Oct. 1994, (222), 13-14. Landfill sites represent a not inconsiderable contributor to greenhouse gases - most notably in the form of methane, a far more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. One option is incinerate the waste, with heat recovery. Another, outlined in this article, is to bum the unwanted gas for power generation. Discusses the feasibility of such projects.