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00613 Density distribution in lump coke during carbonization
09
Combustion (burners, combustion systems)
Correlation of reactlvlty and properties of wood X~iE” Kumar, M. and Gupta, R. C. Fuel, Nov. 1994, 73, (ll), 1805-1806. Correlation between the reactivity and electrical, structural and physical properties of acacia and eucal~tus wood chars were determined. As these properties re uire much less time to measure than the reactivity does, they can be cons1+!ered as an alternative to reactivity testing currently used for quality control. Cyclonox: The universal burner head 95/00612 O&k, R. and Graat. J. Gas (Netherlands), Nov. 1994, 114...,-(11). 568-570. (In Flemish). The Cyclonox burner head was tested and optimised in a Novem project. The study showed that the burner head can be used universally for burners and boilers of various makes. NO, emissions of 50 to 67 mg/m’ 3% 0 were found at a CO content of 10% by volume. The correspon 6.mg Cd emission was 0 to 38 m&m’. The cyclonox can be used as excess air resultin in a CO, content of 8.5% to 10.5% by volume. Various manufacturers of burners that are fitted with this burner head can meet the oossibilv future (1997) NO, emission requirements (for smaller heat outpu’ts) of 7b mg/m’. And without many extra costs. The burner head consists of only a few parts, is maintenance-free. and cannot be deranged. After its market introduction the Cyclonox will be scaled up to larger heat outputs. Denrlty dlatrlbutlon In lump coke durlng 95100613 csrbonlzatlon Asada, S. et al., Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1994, 73, (S), 347-354. (In Japanese) A commercial-scale coke oven chamber was shock-cooled during the carbonization process, and the state of carbonization inside the coke oven was studied. Layered density distribution in the direction parallel to the oven wall and steep decrease of the density in the part 60-90 mm from the oven wall were observed. Detallod modeling of n-butane autolgnltlon 96100614 chemistry Kojima, S. Combustion & Flame, Oct. 1994, 99, (1), 87-136. Two versions of a detailed chemical kinetic model of n-butane autoignition are proposed. Development of pumping and feedlng technology 95/00615 of coal water oastr for oressurlzed fluldlzed-bed combustion applications In’the world’ Jiang, X. el al., Meitan Zhuanhua, 1994, 17, (2), 54-60. (In Chinese) Effect of prersure on second-generatlon pree95lOO616 surlzed fluldlzed bed combuotlon plants ;$er;on, A. and Bonk, D. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 1994, 116, (2), An extension of advanced pressurized fluidized-bed coal combustion
(FFBC) and gasification technology involved a second-generation PFBC plant consisting of initial coal devolatilization-carbonization prior to injection into the combustor bed, and combustion of the 1owBtu product fuel gas in a gas turbine topping combustor. By integrating coal carbonization with PFB coal/semicoke combustion gas turbine inlet temperatures 71149’ were achieved. Describes the performance and economics-of this new type of plant. Effect of unburnt pulverized coal on coke 95/00617 propertles Zhang, B. et al:, Gangtie, 1994, 29, (3), 22-26. (In Chinese) In order to clarify the effect of unburnt pulverized coal (UPC) on coke properties in ironmakm a series of fundamental experiments were carried out. It was found tht t8’e gasification reaction rate of UPC is about 2-4 times as fast as that of coke. After UPC was injected into coke layer, the reaction rate of coke lowers and thereby the reactivity decreases since UPC is preferentially gasified.
9SfOO620 Effects of porous rtructure on coal particle resctivlty In combustion Chen, H. er al., Huagong Xuebao (Chin. Ed.), 1994, 45, (3), 327-333. (In Chinese) A shapeless pore model of coal particle combustion was proposed which considers combustion kinetics, mass transfer, and heat transfer. A study was made of the effects of porosity, pore surface area, particle size and temperature on reactivities of chars. 95100621 Envlronmentally sound, hlgh-efflclmcy PFBC plants rated to 750 MW Lofe, J. J. and Almhem, P. ABE Review, 1994, (4), 33-41. Pressurized fluidized bed combustion, or PFBC, is a technology which allows coal-fired power plants to be operated with high efficiency and also comply with strict emissions legislation. Unlike coal gasification facilities with an integrated combined cycle, the PFBC-based combined c cle plant resembles in many ways a conventional steam power facility Hlred with fossil fuel. 05/00622 An rxprlmrntsl study of jet-dlffuslon flamrs In cross air-flow T2y_,lzi D. and Shin, H. D. J. Institute of Energy, Sep. 1994, 67, (472), An experimental stud has been conducted into the structure of jet flames in a cross air-flow. -tyhe cross-flow and fuel-jet velocity were varied, to determine their effects on the trajectory and inner structure of the flame. Direct colour and reactive Mie scattering techniques were employed for visualising the flow. A parently the trajectory is significantly influenced by the magnitudes o! mmal ’ ’ momentum and flame buoyancy. The organised vortices inside the jet flame in a cross-flow of air were observed at low jet velocity. The location of generation of the inner structure changes from the lee side to the windward side as jet velocity increases. TWOvortex systems are responsible for the flow behaviour in this flow field. Ex orlmentsl study on nitrous oxldo formatlon 95100623 under fluldlzrd- Ii ed combustion condltlonr Feng, B. et al., Huazhong Ligong Daxue Xuebao, 1994, 22, (3), l-5. (In t-him-a-b
~~~~& an experimental study on N,O formation under fluidized-bed combustion conditions which has been carried out in a small fiied bed reactor of laboratory scale. Flnal etages of pulverized coal combustion. Effects 95100624 of char texture Vleeskens, J. M. and Roos, C. M. ECN-C Report, ECN-C-93-081, 1993, 31 PP. The aims of this pro’ect are to develop methods for classification of pres-
surized fluidized-be d chars and to link the results to combustion data from bench-scale and industrial size pressurized fluidized bed combustors. The report is on application of char iexture identification methods to the operation of technical size pulverized coal combustors. Flame transformatlonr and burner sla glng In a 2.5 95100625 MW furnace flrlng pulverized coal. 1. Flame trans?ormstlons Ten Brink, H. M. ef al:, Fuel, Nov. 1994, 73, (ll), 1706-1711. This is the first study m which the mechanism of burner slagging in a furnace firing pulverized coal has been investigated. The objective was to relate the in-flame transformations of the coal minerals to the nature of the slags formed on deposition probes designed to simulate a burner quarl and a superheater tube. The experiments were performed in the 2.5 MW refractory-lined IFRF furnace No. 1, using a swirl-stablized pulverized coal burner, firing a pyrite-rich coal. In-flame samples and slag deposits were extracted and analysed for pyrite and pyrite decomposition products by electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction.
The effects of natural aas coflrlna on the lanltlon 95/00616 delay of pulverized coal and coke $artlcler Bayless, D. J. et al., Cornbust. Sci. Technol., 1994, 98, (l), 185-198. Discusses the results of a study designed to determine the effects of natural gas cofiring on particle ignition delay which was examined for various sized pulverized coal and particles exposed to realistic combustor conditions. A fluidized-bed feeder was used to inject small numbers of particles (typically 3-5) into a drop tube furnace at 1300-1500 K with heating rates up to lo3 K/s. Ignition delay measurements were performed for various inlet gas velocities, particle volatilities, and gas compositions (including variations in 0, CH,, natural gas, N, and CO, concentrations).
Flame transformatlons and burner rlagglng In a 2.6 95100626 MW furnace flrlng pulverlud coal. 2. Slagglng Ten Brink, H. M. et al., Fuel, Nov. 1994, 73, ll), 1712-1717. Results are reported of a 3 day slagging trial WI.6 a 2.5 MW semi-industrial scale furnace in which the near-burner conditions of a wall-fired boiler were simulated. The fuel was a pyrite-rich pulverized coal. Slag deposit probes were placed near the burner wall, simulating the refractory burner quarl with surrounding wall tubing. The side of the probe facing the incoming fuel stream was covered with a molten deposit similar to that on the burner quarl of the furnace and to deposits in the near-burner region of fullsized furnaces. Slag was formed on the refractory material of the probes and not on the water-cooled tubes surrounding it, suggesting that sla ing in the near-burner region in real boilers may also be initiated on the re88 actory quarl rather than on the surrounding water-wall. The ash deposits were analysed in-depth by SEM and EMPA.
Effects of oxygrn temporaturs and content on com96/00619 bustlon of pulverized coal particles Kobayashi, N. et al., Gypsum Lime, 1994, (250), 175-181. (In Japanese) The effects of oxygen temperature and content on combustion of pulverized coal particles were investigated in order to study pulverized coal combustion in high oxygen content.
Formatlon of ultradlsporsed soot durlng combus96100627 tlon of methsne In electric field Mansurov, Z. A. et al., Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (3), 83-86. (In Russian) Decribes how in CH, combustioy, soot formation and soot particle size decrease when the process is run m an electric field.
36
Fuel and Energy Abstracta January 1996
Combustion (burners, combustion systems)
Correlation of reactlvlty and properties of wood X~iE” Kumar, M. and Gupta, R. C. Fuel, Nov. 1994, 73, (ll), 1805-1806. Correlation between the reactivity and electrical, structural and physical properties of acacia and eucal~tus wood chars were determined. As these properties re uire much less time to measure than the reactivity does, they can be cons1+!ered as an alternative to reactivity testing currently used for quality control. Cyclonox: The universal burner head 95/00612 O&k, R. and Graat. J. Gas (Netherlands), Nov. 1994, 114...,-(11). 568-570. (In Flemish). The Cyclonox burner head was tested and optimised in a Novem project. The study showed that the burner head can be used universally for burners and boilers of various makes. NO, emissions of 50 to 67 mg/m’ 3% 0 were found at a CO content of 10% by volume. The correspon 6.mg Cd emission was 0 to 38 m&m’. The cyclonox can be used as excess air resultin in a CO, content of 8.5% to 10.5% by volume. Various manufacturers of burners that are fitted with this burner head can meet the oossibilv future (1997) NO, emission requirements (for smaller heat outpu’ts) of 7b mg/m’. And without many extra costs. The burner head consists of only a few parts, is maintenance-free. and cannot be deranged. After its market introduction the Cyclonox will be scaled up to larger heat outputs. Denrlty dlatrlbutlon In lump coke durlng 95100613 csrbonlzatlon Asada, S. et al., Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1994, 73, (S), 347-354. (In Japanese) A commercial-scale coke oven chamber was shock-cooled during the carbonization process, and the state of carbonization inside the coke oven was studied. Layered density distribution in the direction parallel to the oven wall and steep decrease of the density in the part 60-90 mm from the oven wall were observed. Detallod modeling of n-butane autolgnltlon 96100614 chemistry Kojima, S. Combustion & Flame, Oct. 1994, 99, (1), 87-136. Two versions of a detailed chemical kinetic model of n-butane autoignition are proposed. Development of pumping and feedlng technology 95/00615 of coal water oastr for oressurlzed fluldlzed-bed combustion applications In’the world’ Jiang, X. el al., Meitan Zhuanhua, 1994, 17, (2), 54-60. (In Chinese) Effect of prersure on second-generatlon pree95lOO616 surlzed fluldlzed bed combuotlon plants ;$er;on, A. and Bonk, D. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 1994, 116, (2), An extension of advanced pressurized fluidized-bed coal combustion
(FFBC) and gasification technology involved a second-generation PFBC plant consisting of initial coal devolatilization-carbonization prior to injection into the combustor bed, and combustion of the 1owBtu product fuel gas in a gas turbine topping combustor. By integrating coal carbonization with PFB coal/semicoke combustion gas turbine inlet temperatures 71149’ were achieved. Describes the performance and economics-of this new type of plant. Effect of unburnt pulverized coal on coke 95/00617 propertles Zhang, B. et al:, Gangtie, 1994, 29, (3), 22-26. (In Chinese) In order to clarify the effect of unburnt pulverized coal (UPC) on coke properties in ironmakm a series of fundamental experiments were carried out. It was found tht t8’e gasification reaction rate of UPC is about 2-4 times as fast as that of coke. After UPC was injected into coke layer, the reaction rate of coke lowers and thereby the reactivity decreases since UPC is preferentially gasified.
9SfOO620 Effects of porous rtructure on coal particle resctivlty In combustion Chen, H. er al., Huagong Xuebao (Chin. Ed.), 1994, 45, (3), 327-333. (In Chinese) A shapeless pore model of coal particle combustion was proposed which considers combustion kinetics, mass transfer, and heat transfer. A study was made of the effects of porosity, pore surface area, particle size and temperature on reactivities of chars. 95100621 Envlronmentally sound, hlgh-efflclmcy PFBC plants rated to 750 MW Lofe, J. J. and Almhem, P. ABE Review, 1994, (4), 33-41. Pressurized fluidized bed combustion, or PFBC, is a technology which allows coal-fired power plants to be operated with high efficiency and also comply with strict emissions legislation. Unlike coal gasification facilities with an integrated combined cycle, the PFBC-based combined c cle plant resembles in many ways a conventional steam power facility Hlred with fossil fuel. 05/00622 An rxprlmrntsl study of jet-dlffuslon flamrs In cross air-flow T2y_,lzi D. and Shin, H. D. J. Institute of Energy, Sep. 1994, 67, (472), An experimental stud has been conducted into the structure of jet flames in a cross air-flow. -tyhe cross-flow and fuel-jet velocity were varied, to determine their effects on the trajectory and inner structure of the flame. Direct colour and reactive Mie scattering techniques were employed for visualising the flow. A parently the trajectory is significantly influenced by the magnitudes o! mmal ’ ’ momentum and flame buoyancy. The organised vortices inside the jet flame in a cross-flow of air were observed at low jet velocity. The location of generation of the inner structure changes from the lee side to the windward side as jet velocity increases. TWOvortex systems are responsible for the flow behaviour in this flow field. Ex orlmentsl study on nitrous oxldo formatlon 95100623 under fluldlzrd- Ii ed combustion condltlonr Feng, B. et al., Huazhong Ligong Daxue Xuebao, 1994, 22, (3), l-5. (In t-him-a-b
~~~~& an experimental study on N,O formation under fluidized-bed combustion conditions which has been carried out in a small fiied bed reactor of laboratory scale. Flnal etages of pulverized coal combustion. Effects 95100624 of char texture Vleeskens, J. M. and Roos, C. M. ECN-C Report, ECN-C-93-081, 1993, 31 PP. The aims of this pro’ect are to develop methods for classification of pres-
surized fluidized-be d chars and to link the results to combustion data from bench-scale and industrial size pressurized fluidized bed combustors. The report is on application of char iexture identification methods to the operation of technical size pulverized coal combustors. Flame transformatlonr and burner sla glng In a 2.5 95100625 MW furnace flrlng pulverized coal. 1. Flame trans?ormstlons Ten Brink, H. M. ef al:, Fuel, Nov. 1994, 73, (ll), 1706-1711. This is the first study m which the mechanism of burner slagging in a furnace firing pulverized coal has been investigated. The objective was to relate the in-flame transformations of the coal minerals to the nature of the slags formed on deposition probes designed to simulate a burner quarl and a superheater tube. The experiments were performed in the 2.5 MW refractory-lined IFRF furnace No. 1, using a swirl-stablized pulverized coal burner, firing a pyrite-rich coal. In-flame samples and slag deposits were extracted and analysed for pyrite and pyrite decomposition products by electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction.
The effects of natural aas coflrlna on the lanltlon 95/00616 delay of pulverized coal and coke $artlcler Bayless, D. J. et al., Cornbust. Sci. Technol., 1994, 98, (l), 185-198. Discusses the results of a study designed to determine the effects of natural gas cofiring on particle ignition delay which was examined for various sized pulverized coal and particles exposed to realistic combustor conditions. A fluidized-bed feeder was used to inject small numbers of particles (typically 3-5) into a drop tube furnace at 1300-1500 K with heating rates up to lo3 K/s. Ignition delay measurements were performed for various inlet gas velocities, particle volatilities, and gas compositions (including variations in 0, CH,, natural gas, N, and CO, concentrations).
Flame transformatlons and burner rlagglng In a 2.6 95100626 MW furnace flrlng pulverlud coal. 2. Slagglng Ten Brink, H. M. et al., Fuel, Nov. 1994, 73, ll), 1712-1717. Results are reported of a 3 day slagging trial WI.6 a 2.5 MW semi-industrial scale furnace in which the near-burner conditions of a wall-fired boiler were simulated. The fuel was a pyrite-rich pulverized coal. Slag deposit probes were placed near the burner wall, simulating the refractory burner quarl with surrounding wall tubing. The side of the probe facing the incoming fuel stream was covered with a molten deposit similar to that on the burner quarl of the furnace and to deposits in the near-burner region of fullsized furnaces. Slag was formed on the refractory material of the probes and not on the water-cooled tubes surrounding it, suggesting that sla ing in the near-burner region in real boilers may also be initiated on the re88 actory quarl rather than on the surrounding water-wall. The ash deposits were analysed in-depth by SEM and EMPA.
Effects of oxygrn temporaturs and content on com96/00619 bustlon of pulverized coal particles Kobayashi, N. et al., Gypsum Lime, 1994, (250), 175-181. (In Japanese) The effects of oxygen temperature and content on combustion of pulverized coal particles were investigated in order to study pulverized coal combustion in high oxygen content.
Formatlon of ultradlsporsed soot durlng combus96100627 tlon of methsne In electric field Mansurov, Z. A. et al., Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (3), 83-86. (In Russian) Decribes how in CH, combustioy, soot formation and soot particle size decrease when the process is run m an electric field.
36
Fuel and Energy Abstracta January 1996