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00651 Study of N2O formation characteristics in char combustion
10 Engines (power generation and propulsion, electric vehicles) 9mo64s Reply to comments ‘The sffectr of the mlnrral matrix on the determination of klnetlc paramrtera using modlfled Rock-Eva1 pyrolyala’ Dembicki, H. Org. Geochem., 1994, 21, (8), 982-984. A polemic in reply to comments by R. Pcict. Simulation studies indicate the original observations about matrix effects remain valid, however, the catalytic effects may not be as iar e as originally expected. These results do not indicate isolated kerogen s%ouid be used in kinetic studies. They suggest that care needs to be taken in selecting respresentative sediment samples of kinetic analysis. 95/00646 Scaling up of CFEI boilers. The 250 MWa GARDANNE CFB oroiact &ue< L. et al., Proc. Am. Power Cot& 1994, 56, (2), 930-936. The paper discusses the scaling- up_ of coal-fired circulating fluidized-bed boiie-&-for power generation. Slmultanaoua optlcal maaaurammt of aoot volume 96/00647 fraction and tamparatura In pramlxad flames Choi, M. Y. et al., Combustion & Flame, Oct. 1994, 99, (l), 174-186. The performance of a three-wavelength optical probe technique for measuring soot volume fraction and temperature was assessed by conducting experiments in the homogeneous environment of a premixed flame. Stablllratlon of llftad turbulent-jet flame8 95l00646 Schefer, R. W. et al., Combusdon & Flame, Oct. 1994, 99, (l), 75-86. Planar imaging measbrements of CH, CH,, and temperature ark used to evaluate current models for flame stabilization in lifted, turbulent CH,-jet flames. The experimental system consists of two cameras that simuitaneously record the instantaneous distribution of species concentration and temperature. Measurements were made in two flames with fuel-jet Reynolds numbers of 7,000 and 12,100. The results show that the fuel and air are premixed and within the CH, flammability limits at the flame stabiiization point. The flame zone also fails considerabl outside the region where scalar dissipation is significant (dissipation ieve rs are well below the critical value of extinction). It is concluded that local stoichiometry, and not scalar dissipation, is the primary factor controlling flame stability. Status of coal ash behavior raaaarch Benson, S. A. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (l), 81-88. The paper discusses ash-related research pertaining to coal-fired utility boilers, especially with reference to emerging and advanced coal technologies using lower-ranked coals. Topics dIscussed included ash formation, ash deposition and agglomeration, and slag and alkali attack on ctramic materials. 95/00649
9SiOO6SO
Study of flxatlon of sulfur by Ca-baaed aorbenta during combuatlon of hlgh organic sulfur coal Cui, H. et al., Meitan Zhuanhua, 1994, 17, (2), 48-53. (In Chinese) Discusses the fixation of suiphur during Guiding coal combustion. The combustion tests were carried out in an electric tube furnace by using specimens containing Guiding coal as fuel and pure CaO or CaCO, as sorbents. Several factors were identified as influencing sulphur capture by sorbents during the combustion of high organic sulphur coal. These factors include sorbent kind, sorbent to suiphur ratio, the temperature of the cornbustion zone and the surface area of sorbents. Study of N,O formatlon charactarlatlca In char 95lOO651 combustion Kuramoto K. and Koizumi, K. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994,20, (4), 482-488. (In Ja anese) Formation and gecomposition characteristics of N 0 in bubbling fluidizedbed coal combustion, es eciaiiy in semicoke cornb ustion were experimentai studied in a fixed-be $ reactor in which semicoke particles were packed in a single layer. In this experiment, such combustion parameters as bed temperature supplied oxygen concentration, and semicoke type were varied. QSlOO652 A atudy on the combuatlon charactarlatlca of PVC, Pol (atyrane), Poly(athylana), and Poly(propylma) particles uncy er high heatlng rataa Pananiotou, T. and Levendis, Y. Combusrion &Flame, Oct. 1994,99, (l), 53-7X The combustion characteristics of four commonly encountered plastics: polystyrene, PVC, polyethylene and poiypro ylene were studied under conditions rtinent to incinerators, that is, lu.$: heating rates (in the order of 10,000 c s) and elevated gas temperatures (1200-1500 K). Batches of spherical and monodisperse particles of these plastics were generated in the size range of 53-300 microns. Combustion of single partlcies, of known size and mass, was conducted in a iaminar-flow drop-tube furnace, at controlled atmospheres. The radiation emitted from burning particles was monitored, along their flight path, by simultaneous three-Flour optical pyrometry and high-speed cinematography. With these techmques the total particle/flame combustion duration, as well as the flame temperature and diameter were measured.
36
Fuel and Energy Abatracta January 1995
96/06663 Thermodynamic anal ala of sulfur retantlon with ash In the procara of fluldlzad bel! combuatlon of oil ahala Wang, G. Shiyou DaxueXuebao, Ziran Kexueban, 1994,18, (2), 131-134. (In Chinese) ‘?he thermodynamic possibility and priority of suiphur capture by using ash are analyzed with free enthaipy criterion at typical operating conditions of fluidized-bed combustion parameters and giving consideration to phase changes in the reaction system. 96/00664 A two-dlmanalonal axiaymmatrlc modal for combuatlng, reacting and radlatlng flowa In radlant tubas Ra_yaurthy, H. et al., J. Insti&re of Energy, Sep. 1994, 67, (472), A two:dimensionai axisymmetric model has been developed for combustin , reacting and radiatin flows in radiant tubes. To account for possible refaminarisation of the d ow in the tube, turbulent mixing of the coaxial streams of fuel and air in the radiant tube is modeiled by means of the low-Reynolds-Number k-e turbulence model proposed by Nagano & Hishida. The combustion process is represented by a one-ste chemical .r! miteiy fast reaction between the fuel and oxidant, and the assumption of m reaction kinetics is employed to predict local species concentration. The fluctuations in mixture fraction are modeiled by solution of an additional differential equation for the variance of mixture fraction, and fluctuations in scalar properties are accounted for by us of a double-delta probability density function for the mixture fraction. Volatlla evolution of pulvarlzad coal In an antrrlned 95/00666 flow reactor Chen, C. et al., Fuel Sci. Tech& Int, 1994, 12, (5), 785-793. A finite difference method and the code furnace of J.H. Kent were used to calculate the particle temperature and residence time in an entrained flow reactor. Then, three kinds of Chinese coals were pyrolyzed in the reactor. The chemical reaction mechanism of coal pyrolysis was analyzed taking into account the coal pyrolysis as parallel reactions of functional groups and the individual volatile species as a result of elementary free radical steps. A volatile evolution model was developed.
10 ENGINES Power Generation and Propulsion, Electric Vehicles ABB turbochargara for preaaura ratloa of up to 6:l 96100656 Rohne, K. H. ef al., ABE Review, 1994, (4), 16-25. Builders of modem diesel engine plant are constantly searching for ways to boost original engine output, reduce emissions and ensure hi reliability. Rugged, efficient turbochargers which are capable of high cI arging pressures fit the bill exact1 . To meet the diesel engine industry’s requirements, ABB developed the +r R..4P turbocharger. Its pressure ratio performance surpasses that of the previous ABB turbochargers and it offers cost benefits for many applications. Beter operational reliability is also assured. Although pressure ratios are higher, efficiency has been maintained at the high level for which the VTR.A turbocharger is renowned. CHP at Da Montfort Unlveralty 95100657 Few, P. and Connell, M. Energy World, Oct. 1994, (222), p. 12. The authors elaborate on the role of the new engineering building at the De Monffort University, reviewing the CHP system for the University’s Queens Building. CHP maker galna aa attitudes change 95/00656 Energy in Buildings & Indusrry, Sep. 1994, 13, (8), p. 30. Deregulation of the electricity industry is proving a huge spur to the deveiopment of combined heat and power, believes Scottish Hydro-Electric pit. But Britain has still a long way to go to catch up with some of its European neighbours. A combined cycle dealgned to achlava greater than 96/00669 60 percent afflclancy Briesch, M. S. et al., Modern Power Systems, Oct. 1994, 14, (lo), 23,25, 27-28. In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Morgantown Energy Technoio y Center, Westinghouse is working on Phase 2 of an 8-year Advance % Turbine Systems Programme to develop the technologies required to provide a significant Increase in natural gas-fired combined cycle power generation plant efficiency. The Foal of 60% efficiency is believed to be achievable through a number of Improvements in operating process parameters for both the combustion turbine and steam turbine.
9SiOO6SO
Study of flxatlon of sulfur by Ca-baaed aorbenta during combuatlon of hlgh organic sulfur coal Cui, H. et al., Meitan Zhuanhua, 1994, 17, (2), 48-53. (In Chinese) Discusses the fixation of suiphur during Guiding coal combustion. The combustion tests were carried out in an electric tube furnace by using specimens containing Guiding coal as fuel and pure CaO or CaCO, as sorbents. Several factors were identified as influencing sulphur capture by sorbents during the combustion of high organic sulphur coal. These factors include sorbent kind, sorbent to suiphur ratio, the temperature of the cornbustion zone and the surface area of sorbents. Study of N,O formatlon charactarlatlca In char 95lOO651 combustion Kuramoto K. and Koizumi, K. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994,20, (4), 482-488. (In Ja anese) Formation and gecomposition characteristics of N 0 in bubbling fluidizedbed coal combustion, es eciaiiy in semicoke cornb ustion were experimentai studied in a fixed-be $ reactor in which semicoke particles were packed in a single layer. In this experiment, such combustion parameters as bed temperature supplied oxygen concentration, and semicoke type were varied. QSlOO652 A atudy on the combuatlon charactarlatlca of PVC, Pol (atyrane), Poly(athylana), and Poly(propylma) particles uncy er high heatlng rataa Pananiotou, T. and Levendis, Y. Combusrion &Flame, Oct. 1994,99, (l), 53-7X The combustion characteristics of four commonly encountered plastics: polystyrene, PVC, polyethylene and poiypro ylene were studied under conditions rtinent to incinerators, that is, lu.$: heating rates (in the order of 10,000 c s) and elevated gas temperatures (1200-1500 K). Batches of spherical and monodisperse particles of these plastics were generated in the size range of 53-300 microns. Combustion of single partlcies, of known size and mass, was conducted in a iaminar-flow drop-tube furnace, at controlled atmospheres. The radiation emitted from burning particles was monitored, along their flight path, by simultaneous three-Flour optical pyrometry and high-speed cinematography. With these techmques the total particle/flame combustion duration, as well as the flame temperature and diameter were measured.
36
Fuel and Energy Abatracta January 1995
96/06663 Thermodynamic anal ala of sulfur retantlon with ash In the procara of fluldlzad bel! combuatlon of oil ahala Wang, G. Shiyou DaxueXuebao, Ziran Kexueban, 1994,18, (2), 131-134. (In Chinese) ‘?he thermodynamic possibility and priority of suiphur capture by using ash are analyzed with free enthaipy criterion at typical operating conditions of fluidized-bed combustion parameters and giving consideration to phase changes in the reaction system. 96/00664 A two-dlmanalonal axiaymmatrlc modal for combuatlng, reacting and radlatlng flowa In radlant tubas Ra_yaurthy, H. et al., J. Insti&re of Energy, Sep. 1994, 67, (472), A two:dimensionai axisymmetric model has been developed for combustin , reacting and radiatin flows in radiant tubes. To account for possible refaminarisation of the d ow in the tube, turbulent mixing of the coaxial streams of fuel and air in the radiant tube is modeiled by means of the low-Reynolds-Number k-e turbulence model proposed by Nagano & Hishida. The combustion process is represented by a one-ste chemical .r! miteiy fast reaction between the fuel and oxidant, and the assumption of m reaction kinetics is employed to predict local species concentration. The fluctuations in mixture fraction are modeiled by solution of an additional differential equation for the variance of mixture fraction, and fluctuations in scalar properties are accounted for by us of a double-delta probability density function for the mixture fraction. Volatlla evolution of pulvarlzad coal In an antrrlned 95/00666 flow reactor Chen, C. et al., Fuel Sci. Tech& Int, 1994, 12, (5), 785-793. A finite difference method and the code furnace of J.H. Kent were used to calculate the particle temperature and residence time in an entrained flow reactor. Then, three kinds of Chinese coals were pyrolyzed in the reactor. The chemical reaction mechanism of coal pyrolysis was analyzed taking into account the coal pyrolysis as parallel reactions of functional groups and the individual volatile species as a result of elementary free radical steps. A volatile evolution model was developed.
10 ENGINES Power Generation and Propulsion, Electric Vehicles ABB turbochargara for preaaura ratloa of up to 6:l 96100656 Rohne, K. H. ef al., ABE Review, 1994, (4), 16-25. Builders of modem diesel engine plant are constantly searching for ways to boost original engine output, reduce emissions and ensure hi reliability. Rugged, efficient turbochargers which are capable of high cI arging pressures fit the bill exact1 . To meet the diesel engine industry’s requirements, ABB developed the +r R..4P turbocharger. Its pressure ratio performance surpasses that of the previous ABB turbochargers and it offers cost benefits for many applications. Beter operational reliability is also assured. Although pressure ratios are higher, efficiency has been maintained at the high level for which the VTR.A turbocharger is renowned. CHP at Da Montfort Unlveralty 95100657 Few, P. and Connell, M. Energy World, Oct. 1994, (222), p. 12. The authors elaborate on the role of the new engineering building at the De Monffort University, reviewing the CHP system for the University’s Queens Building. CHP maker galna aa attitudes change 95/00656 Energy in Buildings & Indusrry, Sep. 1994, 13, (8), p. 30. Deregulation of the electricity industry is proving a huge spur to the deveiopment of combined heat and power, believes Scottish Hydro-Electric pit. But Britain has still a long way to go to catch up with some of its European neighbours. A combined cycle dealgned to achlava greater than 96/00669 60 percent afflclancy Briesch, M. S. et al., Modern Power Systems, Oct. 1994, 14, (lo), 23,25, 27-28. In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Morgantown Energy Technoio y Center, Westinghouse is working on Phase 2 of an 8-year Advance % Turbine Systems Programme to develop the technologies required to provide a significant Increase in natural gas-fired combined cycle power generation plant efficiency. The Foal of 60% efficiency is believed to be achievable through a number of Improvements in operating process parameters for both the combustion turbine and steam turbine.