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00797 The impact of heat pump air conditioning on electricity supply
14 Heat pumps The tschnologlcal svolutlon of heating plant 95100782 Raffellini, G. et al., Condiz deN’Ariu, Jul. 1994, 38, (7), 839-855. (In Italian) The paper discusses the developments in heating plants over the recent years, taking account of the main factors which have influenced these developments, - structural, standardisation and fuel types. Teat lnstallatlons show that radiation lnsulatlon 95loo753 panels can cut up to 25 per cent off fuel bills Energy in Buildings & Industry, Sep. 1994, 13, (8), 6-7. Joulesave plc can now boast a wide range of customers for its radiator insulation panel. The company explains the product’s benefits. Thrrmodynamlc proprrtles of a new refrlgrrant - A 95/007M blnary azeotrope based on I31528 and R218 Lavrenchenko, G. K. et al., ht. J. Refrig., Sep. 1994, 17, (7), 461-468. The paper discusses experimental research into the phase equilibrium and thermal properties of a new refrigerant R507. The refrigerant is a binary azeotrope based on R152A and R218. Tracer-gas mlxlna with alr: Effect of tracer species 95100785 Shao, L. and Riffat, S.B. Applia Energy, 1994, 49, (2), 197-2il. The accuracy of the tracer-gas method depends on the spatial uniformity of tracer/air mixing, which inmany cases is unsatisfactoj. However, information on this critical oroblem has been scarce, largely due to the practical difficulty in obtaining ixperimental data. The iape; piesents a study of the effect of tracer species on tracer mixing, using a time-dependent computational flow dynamics method. Trend responds to changing BEMS markst 1994, 13, (8), p. 24. Caradon Trend is making some fun8.amental changes to its product range to keep pace with customer demand. Energy in Buildin s and Industry takes a close look at some new products about to hit the %EMS market.
95100793 The external health cost of reduced ventilation domestlc enrrgy conservation measures Thornton, E. W. Energy & Environment, 1994, 5, (3). 237-241. The use of reduced vent’Jation as a domestic eneigy conservation measure carries with it an increased radiation dose from radon gas. Liing the increase in radiation dose to a health detriment allows the external health cost of this form of energy conservation to be evaluated in monetary terms and compared with the external health costs of means of supplying primary energy on a common basis. The external health cost of reduced ventilation domebtic energy conservation measures (draught proofing and double glazina) is estimated to be abut 7 ~/kWh based on an average home in the UK. T& is at least two orders of magnitude reater thanThe external health costs of electricity fuel cycles based on P& R, solar, wind, hydro and gas and about one order of magnitude greater than those based on coal and oil. 95100794 Future prospects for the electric heat-pump Shackleton, R. J. et al., Applied Energy, 1994, 49, (3), 223-254. Trials are underway to investigate the technical and economic feasibilities of air-source heat pumps in the UK. These trials show that the use of heatpumps for domestic heating has significant potential environmental benefits m terms of the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions as long as the performance of current models can be improved. Indications are that, with the use of existing technology, running costs are potentially competitive with existing means for residential space-and-water heating. Considerable potential exists to raise the seasonal coefficient-of-performance of domestic heat-pumps to above 3. Some alternative designs for heat pumps are reviewed and assessed. This survey discusses basic principles and economics as well as the current and possible future developments in the design of domestic heat-pumps.
95100788
Energy in Buildings & Industry, Se
Two-to-one discrepancy betwrsn mrasursd and 95100787 redlcted performance of a ‘low-energy’ offlcr bulldlng: Pnslghts from a reconclllatlon based on the DOE-2 model Norford, L. K. et al., Energy & Buildings, 1994, 21, (2), 121-131. Computer models of building energy use, if calibrated with measured data, offer a means of assessing retrofit savings, optimizing HVAC operation (on- or off-line), and presenting energy-consumption feedback to building operators. The calibration process itself can pinpoint differences between how a building was designed to perform and how it is actually functioning. The authors initial goal was to identify why the actual annual energy consumption of an office building was 325 kWh/m’, over twice the predicted value of 125 kWh/m’. Part of their effort was to understand its performance involved calibrating a DOE-2 model prepared at the design stage. In the process, they formulated calibration guidelines and developed insights that may be of use to others. Ventilation 95100788 Kronvall, J. et al., Bldg. Serv. Engng. Res. Tech., 1994, 15, (2), Bl-19. Eight short articles dealing with aspects of ventilation. Ventllatlon efflclency measurements In a test 95100789 chamber wlth different ventllatlon and cooling systems Roulet, C. A. et al., 14th AIVC Conf Energy Impact of Ventilarion &Air
Infiltration. Cownhaeen
Denmark. SeD. 1994. 73-80.
-he pa er ‘d&ses 504 chilled &ii s are ‘bcreasingly suggested as a way oP eliminating excess heat in of p!ice buildings without consuming m&h energy for a& transport. Ventllatlon of public swlmmlng pools 95100790 Dickson, D. 14th AIVC Conf: Energy Impact of Venrilation &Air Infiitradon, Copenhagen, Denmark,. Sep. 1-&3,315-3i4.
The paper discusses airborne contaminants in swimming pools arising from the evaporation of chemically treated pool water. Describes how environmental conditions and energy consumption were monitored over a period of one year at two public swimming pools.
14 HEAT PUMPS Conslderatlons when modelllng compres95100791 slonlresorptlon heat pumps Itard, L. C. and Machielsen, C. H. Int. J. Refrig., Sep. 1994, 17, (7), 453-460. The paper reviews the problems involved in modelling compression/resorption heat pumps. 95100792 sltuatlon
Electric heat pumpe - energy, environment, market
Gesundh. Ing., Aug. 1994, 115, (4), 199-209. (In German) Discusses the advantages of electric heat pumps for energy conservation and CO, emission rediction. Also discusses the current status of electric heat pump technology and its application in Germany.
48
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1995
95100795 Hsat pump harmonic evaluatlon Wells. J. M. et al., Electric Power Systems Res.. Sep. 1994, 30, (3),, 175-l& This paper analyzes the characteristics of harmonics produced by variablespeed electric heat pumps. Tests were performed to produce the worst-case harmonics, to determine the relationship between percent distortion and load, and to measure the propagation effects of harmonics and the filtering effects on harmonics by the lines and transformers. Heat pumps and snergy management In the 95100798 Netherlands Van der Ploen. P. and Van Wunnik, T. IEA Heat Pump Newsletter, Jun. 1994, 12, (2):i7-29. 95100797 The Impact of heat pump . air condltlonlng on elec. trlclty supply . Uchida. T. IEA Hear Puma Centre Newsletter. Jun. 1994, 12. (2). 20-22. Discusies the history of air ‘conditioning systemi and demand side ‘management in Japan. 5 MW high temperature hsat pump with R 134a 95100798 Enstrom. H. et al.. KaNe, Aue. 1994. 47. (81. 534-538. (In German) Describes the installation in a yeast factor) bf.a 5 MW turbo-heat pump, operating on R134a. The pum had the advantage of greatly reducing the amount of ground water used Por cooling purposes and of permitting previously waste heat to be suppliedto the local district heating network. 95100799 Optlmal performance of a geothermal heatimglnedriven heat-pump syitem Davis. G. W. and Wu. C. Enernv. Dec. 1994. 19, (121. 1219-1223. A gedthermal heat-powered, low-&nperature R&ink c$le is suitable for the operation of a conventional mechanical compression heat-pump cycle in providing heating and cooling loads. This system is analyzed using a fimte-time thermodynamic approach. The only irreversibilities are associated with heat transfer between the system and surrounding thermal reservoirs. 95lOo000
Performance of a heat-pump asslsted dryer Chou, S. K. et al., Inr. J. Energy Research, Aug. 1994, 18, (6), 605-622. The authors present a simple mathematical model of a heat-pump-assisted dryer developed from psychrometric processes. A term ‘contact factor’ is used in the theoretical model to characterize the drying chamber. The experimental data of the drying rates of differemt types-of products are used to predict the values of the contact factors of the dryers. 95100801 Solar-assisted heat pump research and development Day, A. R. and Karayiannis, T. G. Bidg. Serv. Engng. Res. Tech., 1994, 15, (2), 71-80. Discusses the main findings of a detailed literature search on solar-assisted heat pumps, and describes the system types and their performance.
95100793 The external health cost of reduced ventilation domestlc enrrgy conservation measures Thornton, E. W. Energy & Environment, 1994, 5, (3). 237-241. The use of reduced vent’Jation as a domestic eneigy conservation measure carries with it an increased radiation dose from radon gas. Liing the increase in radiation dose to a health detriment allows the external health cost of this form of energy conservation to be evaluated in monetary terms and compared with the external health costs of means of supplying primary energy on a common basis. The external health cost of reduced ventilation domebtic energy conservation measures (draught proofing and double glazina) is estimated to be abut 7 ~/kWh based on an average home in the UK. T& is at least two orders of magnitude reater thanThe external health costs of electricity fuel cycles based on P& R, solar, wind, hydro and gas and about one order of magnitude greater than those based on coal and oil. 95100794 Future prospects for the electric heat-pump Shackleton, R. J. et al., Applied Energy, 1994, 49, (3), 223-254. Trials are underway to investigate the technical and economic feasibilities of air-source heat pumps in the UK. These trials show that the use of heatpumps for domestic heating has significant potential environmental benefits m terms of the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions as long as the performance of current models can be improved. Indications are that, with the use of existing technology, running costs are potentially competitive with existing means for residential space-and-water heating. Considerable potential exists to raise the seasonal coefficient-of-performance of domestic heat-pumps to above 3. Some alternative designs for heat pumps are reviewed and assessed. This survey discusses basic principles and economics as well as the current and possible future developments in the design of domestic heat-pumps.
95100788
Energy in Buildings & Industry, Se
Two-to-one discrepancy betwrsn mrasursd and 95100787 redlcted performance of a ‘low-energy’ offlcr bulldlng: Pnslghts from a reconclllatlon based on the DOE-2 model Norford, L. K. et al., Energy & Buildings, 1994, 21, (2), 121-131. Computer models of building energy use, if calibrated with measured data, offer a means of assessing retrofit savings, optimizing HVAC operation (on- or off-line), and presenting energy-consumption feedback to building operators. The calibration process itself can pinpoint differences between how a building was designed to perform and how it is actually functioning. The authors initial goal was to identify why the actual annual energy consumption of an office building was 325 kWh/m’, over twice the predicted value of 125 kWh/m’. Part of their effort was to understand its performance involved calibrating a DOE-2 model prepared at the design stage. In the process, they formulated calibration guidelines and developed insights that may be of use to others. Ventilation 95100788 Kronvall, J. et al., Bldg. Serv. Engng. Res. Tech., 1994, 15, (2), Bl-19. Eight short articles dealing with aspects of ventilation. Ventllatlon efflclency measurements In a test 95100789 chamber wlth different ventllatlon and cooling systems Roulet, C. A. et al., 14th AIVC Conf Energy Impact of Ventilarion &Air
Infiltration. Cownhaeen
Denmark. SeD. 1994. 73-80.
-he pa er ‘d&ses 504 chilled &ii s are ‘bcreasingly suggested as a way oP eliminating excess heat in of p!ice buildings without consuming m&h energy for a& transport. Ventllatlon of public swlmmlng pools 95100790 Dickson, D. 14th AIVC Conf: Energy Impact of Venrilation &Air Infiitradon, Copenhagen, Denmark,. Sep. 1-&3,315-3i4.
The paper discusses airborne contaminants in swimming pools arising from the evaporation of chemically treated pool water. Describes how environmental conditions and energy consumption were monitored over a period of one year at two public swimming pools.
14 HEAT PUMPS Conslderatlons when modelllng compres95100791 slonlresorptlon heat pumps Itard, L. C. and Machielsen, C. H. Int. J. Refrig., Sep. 1994, 17, (7), 453-460. The paper reviews the problems involved in modelling compression/resorption heat pumps. 95100792 sltuatlon
Electric heat pumpe - energy, environment, market
Gesundh. Ing., Aug. 1994, 115, (4), 199-209. (In German) Discusses the advantages of electric heat pumps for energy conservation and CO, emission rediction. Also discusses the current status of electric heat pump technology and its application in Germany.
48
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1995
95100795 Hsat pump harmonic evaluatlon Wells. J. M. et al., Electric Power Systems Res.. Sep. 1994, 30, (3),, 175-l& This paper analyzes the characteristics of harmonics produced by variablespeed electric heat pumps. Tests were performed to produce the worst-case harmonics, to determine the relationship between percent distortion and load, and to measure the propagation effects of harmonics and the filtering effects on harmonics by the lines and transformers. Heat pumps and snergy management In the 95100798 Netherlands Van der Ploen. P. and Van Wunnik, T. IEA Heat Pump Newsletter, Jun. 1994, 12, (2):i7-29. 95100797 The Impact of heat pump . air condltlonlng on elec. trlclty supply . Uchida. T. IEA Hear Puma Centre Newsletter. Jun. 1994, 12. (2). 20-22. Discusies the history of air ‘conditioning systemi and demand side ‘management in Japan. 5 MW high temperature hsat pump with R 134a 95100798 Enstrom. H. et al.. KaNe, Aue. 1994. 47. (81. 534-538. (In German) Describes the installation in a yeast factor) bf.a 5 MW turbo-heat pump, operating on R134a. The pum had the advantage of greatly reducing the amount of ground water used Por cooling purposes and of permitting previously waste heat to be suppliedto the local district heating network. 95100799 Optlmal performance of a geothermal heatimglnedriven heat-pump syitem Davis. G. W. and Wu. C. Enernv. Dec. 1994. 19, (121. 1219-1223. A gedthermal heat-powered, low-&nperature R&ink c$le is suitable for the operation of a conventional mechanical compression heat-pump cycle in providing heating and cooling loads. This system is analyzed using a fimte-time thermodynamic approach. The only irreversibilities are associated with heat transfer between the system and surrounding thermal reservoirs. 95lOo000
Performance of a heat-pump asslsted dryer Chou, S. K. et al., Inr. J. Energy Research, Aug. 1994, 18, (6), 605-622. The authors present a simple mathematical model of a heat-pump-assisted dryer developed from psychrometric processes. A term ‘contact factor’ is used in the theoretical model to characterize the drying chamber. The experimental data of the drying rates of differemt types-of products are used to predict the values of the contact factors of the dryers. 95100801 Solar-assisted heat pump research and development Day, A. R. and Karayiannis, T. G. Bidg. Serv. Engng. Res. Tech., 1994, 15, (2), 71-80. Discusses the main findings of a detailed literature search on solar-assisted heat pumps, and describes the system types and their performance.