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00911 Organic sulfur compounds in coke oven gas
15 Environment (pollution, health protection, safety) New rubber lining ?? yatema as corrosion protoctlon in flue gaa deaulfuriutlon plants Fenner, J. and Schedlitzki, D. Kautsch. Gunk Kunstsk, 1994, 47, (6), 440-445. (In German) In flue &as dcsulphurixation plants (FGD) of hard coal fired power plants rubber lmings as corrosion protection of steel surfaces have now reached service lives of ~14 ears while shorter service lives are expected with FGDs of lignite fire B power plants with 25’ or more higher operation temperatures. Important criteria for the assessment of the service life of rubber linings are their diffusion tightness to corrosive substances, their absorption of media as well as their resistance to mechanical damage.
Organic sulfur compounds In cob oven gas %I%@1 1 Orywal, F. Glue&auf-Forschungsh., 1994. 55, (2), 50-53. (In German) Discusses gas chromatography exammation at several coking plants which showed that on average, the crude coke-oven gas contains 400 mg/m3 organic sulphur of which 52% is CS,, 18% COS, 20% thiophene, and 10% MeSH. NH,-H,S washing units, low-pressure soda lye scrubber+ and potash scrubbers have onl limited effectiveness in removing orgamc sulphur compounds. A Perox p rant will remove only lo-20% of the organic sulphur from the gas, the largest proportion of which was MeSH. Dry desulfurixation of coke-oven gas does not affect the concentrations of organic sulphur compounds.
Nitrous oxkts smlsslons In combustion of coal, B5looQo5 oosslbilltlrs and their reduction and relstlon to rmlssions of bthor gsseous pollutants Svoboda, K. ef al., Chem. Listy, 1994, 88, (l), 13-23. (In Czech) Discusses the emission of N,O, including the rate of increase in atmosphere, sources, and N,O emission from fluidixed bed combustion of coal.
%looQ12 Peabody’s Powder River Coal Company Fiscor, S. Coal, Oct. 1994, 99, (lo), 54-56. Discusses the Peabody’s Powder River Coal Co. which has the best safety record among Peabody Holding Co.‘s subsidiaries, it also has the best safetv record in the Powder River Basin. ‘Ihat accomolishment is eswcialli significant considerink that the operation also was named the t&t productive in the PRB. BesIdes setting records in the basin, the operation also has set new sales records for Peabody.
%I00904
Nomsy pioneers largs scale CO, disposal In 1996 B5looQo5 Kaarstad, 0. Greenhouse Issues, Aug. 1994, (15), 1-2. Discusses the removal and disposal of CO, in Norway. Nuclear slectrlc’s approach to environmental msn95mo907 agemrnt systems Kemp, N. W. and Free, A. J. Energy & Environmenr, 1994, 5, (3), 277-284. Nuclear Electric (NE) currently operates the 11 nuclear power stations in England and Wales, generating 61 TWh of electricity in 93/94, constituting over 23% of the Country’s electricity consumption. ‘Ihe company is also decommissionitm 2 nuclear Dower stations. Berkelev and Trawsfnvdd. and is progressing cGmmission&g of the Ph station a’tSizewell to hrne and cost. NE was formed in 1990 following the re-organisation of the UK electricity industry, taking over all the nuclear stations previously operated by the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB). The company competes in the UK electricity market with the privatised generators National Power and Powergen who inherited the fossil fuelled stations of the CEGB. The paper outlines the nature of Nuclear Electric’s existing environmental management systems, and considers the implications of the adoption of a company environmental policy. Nuclear electric’s radloactlvr waste management 95/00905 and decommlsslonlng strategy ye$dg4h, D. J. and Sellers, R. M. Energy & Environment, 1994, 5, (3), Electricity generation, whether by burning fossil fuels or by nuclear fission, inevitably results in the production of wastes. In the case of nuclear generation the-wastes mostly contain or are contaminated with radioactivity, and this is often seen as a major drawback to this method of power generation. In fact the volumes produced are quite modest and neither their management nor the decommissioning of the stations after they have come to the end of their useful lives poses an insurmountable technical difficulty. The authors describe the geneial arrangements and overall strategy for the management of the radioactive wastes produced by Nuclear Electric, the UK’s major nuclear power plant operator, together with a brief description of the Company’s decomnussioning strategy. Numrrlcal design method for improvlng gas dlstrl95/00909 butlon wlthln electrostatic preclpltators Schwab, M. J. and Johnson, R. W. Proc. Am. Power Conf, 1994,56, (l), 882-888. The paper discusses how to assure optimum performance, it is necessary that the gas is uniformly distributed to all regions within the electrostatic precipitators (BSP). A traditional ESP flow design method involves the use of reduced-scale physical models. With this approach, visualization techniques and velocity measurements are employed to evalute the performance of flow control devices. A uniform ESP velocity distribution is often difficult to achieve using a physical model because of the complexity of the surrounding ductwork and the use of trial-and-error design methods. Discusses a computer modelling technique which has been developed that can be used to accurately evaluate the gas flow conditions within electrostatic precipitators. 95/00910 On the bundllng of coal and sulfur dloxlde emlsslons allowance Doucet, J. A. and Strauss, T. EnergyPolicy, Sep. 1994,22, (9), 764-770. A new possibility in coal contracting has arisen from the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Coal suppliers may sell sulphur dioxide emissions allowances together with theu coal. This packagmg of coal and sulphur dioxide emissions allowance is a new instance of the phenomenon known as bundling or tie-in in the economics of pricing and contracting. Building on Joskow’s examination of coal sup liers and electric utilities, the authors examine the motivations for the bun d!mg of coal and sulphur dioxide emissions allowances. Briefly discusses some of the economic and environmental effects of this bundhng.
The peopls issues of Yucca Mountaln %/ooQ13 Brown, P. Nuclear News, Aug. 1994, 37, (lo), 54-56. Not all Nevadans display knee-jerk opposition to the characterixation work at Yucca Mountain. A Las Vegas businesswoman explains their views. 95/0%14 Phase I results from the DOEBCS CT-121 project at Georgia Power’s Plant Yates Burford, D. P. et al., Proc. Am. Power Conj, 1994, 54, (2), 1655-1660. The demonstration project involved the retrofit construction and operation of a CT-121 wet-limestone scrubber on a lOO-MWe coal-fired boiler, with a existing electrostatic precipitator. Phosphorus speclss In a field nclamatlon sxfWl%/oosl5 ment of a cosi mlnlng dump Hiller, D. A. Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bode&d., 1994, 157, (2), 117-123. (In German) Soil samples from 15 different plots of a field experimental cultivation area on a fotier coal mining waste heap were taken to characterize P species. In the upDer 10 cm of the collierv spoil soil UDto 30% of total P is bound in the d&l organic matter.The phosphate fied in &phosphates is in nearly all cases below 1% of total P. The small amounts of lactate leachable phosphate show that P is a strong limiting factor in plant nutrition on soils of coal mining dumps. Besides, the investigations showed a rapid acidification of the coal mining waste substrate which results from pyrite oxidation. Power surge. Guide to the coming energy %lQoQ10 revolution Flavin, C. and Lcnssen, N. Worldwatch Institute, 1776 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC.20036, USA, $10.95. The book predicts a turbulent next decade, as large energy companies struggle to preserve the status quo, while newer firms and their environmental allies fight to chance government wlicv and ooen UD enertzv markets to greater”competitioi. Some giant bil, &to, an’d utilfty co;panies may find themselves in the current position of IBM - squeezed out of markets they have dominated for decades by fast-moving entrepreneurs. 95/oosl7 A practicsi guide to the determlnatlon of human exposure to radiofrequency fields NCRP Publicadons, 7910 Woodmonr Ave., Suite 800, Bethesda, MD.20814, USA, S25.00, 233 pp. The book from the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) provides a collection of information on various radiofrequency radiation sources and a straightforward ‘how to’ guide for estimating the exposures associated with these sources. Predicting and controillng ?? xcssslvs fiyrock 95100915 Workman, J. L. and Calder, P. N. Coal, Se . 1994, 99, (9), p. 26. When excessive flyrock-that which exceeds tRe area beyond a mine’s protected zone, occurs, it’s usually the result of poor blastin practices or undetected geological conditions. The horizontal distance %yrock travels depends on its initial velocity and the angle above the horizontal at which it is ejected. Discusses the numerous variables which exist that affect the initial velocity imparted to a rock fragment. Pressure systems and trsnsportable gas contaln95/00919 ers regulations 1989: An open Iearnlng course Health & Safety Executive, Sudbury, UK, 1994. The book provides training on the legal requirements for the Pressure Systems and Transportable Gas Containers Regulations, 1989. Procedures for dealing wlth escapes of gas Into 95100920 underground plsnt Insn’lutionof Gas Engineers, London, 1994, 16 pp. Give details on procedures for dealing with the infiltration of gas into underground plants.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1995 52
Organic sulfur compounds In cob oven gas %I%@1 1 Orywal, F. Glue&auf-Forschungsh., 1994. 55, (2), 50-53. (In German) Discusses gas chromatography exammation at several coking plants which showed that on average, the crude coke-oven gas contains 400 mg/m3 organic sulphur of which 52% is CS,, 18% COS, 20% thiophene, and 10% MeSH. NH,-H,S washing units, low-pressure soda lye scrubber+ and potash scrubbers have onl limited effectiveness in removing orgamc sulphur compounds. A Perox p rant will remove only lo-20% of the organic sulphur from the gas, the largest proportion of which was MeSH. Dry desulfurixation of coke-oven gas does not affect the concentrations of organic sulphur compounds.
Nitrous oxkts smlsslons In combustion of coal, B5looQo5 oosslbilltlrs and their reduction and relstlon to rmlssions of bthor gsseous pollutants Svoboda, K. ef al., Chem. Listy, 1994, 88, (l), 13-23. (In Czech) Discusses the emission of N,O, including the rate of increase in atmosphere, sources, and N,O emission from fluidixed bed combustion of coal.
%looQ12 Peabody’s Powder River Coal Company Fiscor, S. Coal, Oct. 1994, 99, (lo), 54-56. Discusses the Peabody’s Powder River Coal Co. which has the best safety record among Peabody Holding Co.‘s subsidiaries, it also has the best safetv record in the Powder River Basin. ‘Ihat accomolishment is eswcialli significant considerink that the operation also was named the t&t productive in the PRB. BesIdes setting records in the basin, the operation also has set new sales records for Peabody.
%I00904
Nomsy pioneers largs scale CO, disposal In 1996 B5looQo5 Kaarstad, 0. Greenhouse Issues, Aug. 1994, (15), 1-2. Discusses the removal and disposal of CO, in Norway. Nuclear slectrlc’s approach to environmental msn95mo907 agemrnt systems Kemp, N. W. and Free, A. J. Energy & Environmenr, 1994, 5, (3), 277-284. Nuclear Electric (NE) currently operates the 11 nuclear power stations in England and Wales, generating 61 TWh of electricity in 93/94, constituting over 23% of the Country’s electricity consumption. ‘Ihe company is also decommissionitm 2 nuclear Dower stations. Berkelev and Trawsfnvdd. and is progressing cGmmission&g of the Ph station a’tSizewell to hrne and cost. NE was formed in 1990 following the re-organisation of the UK electricity industry, taking over all the nuclear stations previously operated by the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB). The company competes in the UK electricity market with the privatised generators National Power and Powergen who inherited the fossil fuelled stations of the CEGB. The paper outlines the nature of Nuclear Electric’s existing environmental management systems, and considers the implications of the adoption of a company environmental policy. Nuclear electric’s radloactlvr waste management 95/00905 and decommlsslonlng strategy ye$dg4h, D. J. and Sellers, R. M. Energy & Environment, 1994, 5, (3), Electricity generation, whether by burning fossil fuels or by nuclear fission, inevitably results in the production of wastes. In the case of nuclear generation the-wastes mostly contain or are contaminated with radioactivity, and this is often seen as a major drawback to this method of power generation. In fact the volumes produced are quite modest and neither their management nor the decommissioning of the stations after they have come to the end of their useful lives poses an insurmountable technical difficulty. The authors describe the geneial arrangements and overall strategy for the management of the radioactive wastes produced by Nuclear Electric, the UK’s major nuclear power plant operator, together with a brief description of the Company’s decomnussioning strategy. Numrrlcal design method for improvlng gas dlstrl95/00909 butlon wlthln electrostatic preclpltators Schwab, M. J. and Johnson, R. W. Proc. Am. Power Conf, 1994,56, (l), 882-888. The paper discusses how to assure optimum performance, it is necessary that the gas is uniformly distributed to all regions within the electrostatic precipitators (BSP). A traditional ESP flow design method involves the use of reduced-scale physical models. With this approach, visualization techniques and velocity measurements are employed to evalute the performance of flow control devices. A uniform ESP velocity distribution is often difficult to achieve using a physical model because of the complexity of the surrounding ductwork and the use of trial-and-error design methods. Discusses a computer modelling technique which has been developed that can be used to accurately evaluate the gas flow conditions within electrostatic precipitators. 95/00910 On the bundllng of coal and sulfur dloxlde emlsslons allowance Doucet, J. A. and Strauss, T. EnergyPolicy, Sep. 1994,22, (9), 764-770. A new possibility in coal contracting has arisen from the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Coal suppliers may sell sulphur dioxide emissions allowances together with theu coal. This packagmg of coal and sulphur dioxide emissions allowance is a new instance of the phenomenon known as bundling or tie-in in the economics of pricing and contracting. Building on Joskow’s examination of coal sup liers and electric utilities, the authors examine the motivations for the bun d!mg of coal and sulphur dioxide emissions allowances. Briefly discusses some of the economic and environmental effects of this bundhng.
The peopls issues of Yucca Mountaln %/ooQ13 Brown, P. Nuclear News, Aug. 1994, 37, (lo), 54-56. Not all Nevadans display knee-jerk opposition to the characterixation work at Yucca Mountain. A Las Vegas businesswoman explains their views. 95/0%14 Phase I results from the DOEBCS CT-121 project at Georgia Power’s Plant Yates Burford, D. P. et al., Proc. Am. Power Conj, 1994, 54, (2), 1655-1660. The demonstration project involved the retrofit construction and operation of a CT-121 wet-limestone scrubber on a lOO-MWe coal-fired boiler, with a existing electrostatic precipitator. Phosphorus speclss In a field nclamatlon sxfWl%/oosl5 ment of a cosi mlnlng dump Hiller, D. A. Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bode&d., 1994, 157, (2), 117-123. (In German) Soil samples from 15 different plots of a field experimental cultivation area on a fotier coal mining waste heap were taken to characterize P species. In the upDer 10 cm of the collierv spoil soil UDto 30% of total P is bound in the d&l organic matter.The phosphate fied in &phosphates is in nearly all cases below 1% of total P. The small amounts of lactate leachable phosphate show that P is a strong limiting factor in plant nutrition on soils of coal mining dumps. Besides, the investigations showed a rapid acidification of the coal mining waste substrate which results from pyrite oxidation. Power surge. Guide to the coming energy %lQoQ10 revolution Flavin, C. and Lcnssen, N. Worldwatch Institute, 1776 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC.20036, USA, $10.95. The book predicts a turbulent next decade, as large energy companies struggle to preserve the status quo, while newer firms and their environmental allies fight to chance government wlicv and ooen UD enertzv markets to greater”competitioi. Some giant bil, &to, an’d utilfty co;panies may find themselves in the current position of IBM - squeezed out of markets they have dominated for decades by fast-moving entrepreneurs. 95/oosl7 A practicsi guide to the determlnatlon of human exposure to radiofrequency fields NCRP Publicadons, 7910 Woodmonr Ave., Suite 800, Bethesda, MD.20814, USA, S25.00, 233 pp. The book from the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) provides a collection of information on various radiofrequency radiation sources and a straightforward ‘how to’ guide for estimating the exposures associated with these sources. Predicting and controillng ?? xcssslvs fiyrock 95100915 Workman, J. L. and Calder, P. N. Coal, Se . 1994, 99, (9), p. 26. When excessive flyrock-that which exceeds tRe area beyond a mine’s protected zone, occurs, it’s usually the result of poor blastin practices or undetected geological conditions. The horizontal distance %yrock travels depends on its initial velocity and the angle above the horizontal at which it is ejected. Discusses the numerous variables which exist that affect the initial velocity imparted to a rock fragment. Pressure systems and trsnsportable gas contaln95/00919 ers regulations 1989: An open Iearnlng course Health & Safety Executive, Sudbury, UK, 1994. The book provides training on the legal requirements for the Pressure Systems and Transportable Gas Containers Regulations, 1989. Procedures for dealing wlth escapes of gas Into 95100920 underground plsnt Insn’lutionof Gas Engineers, London, 1994, 16 pp. Give details on procedures for dealing with the infiltration of gas into underground plants.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1995 52