- Email: [email protected]
01376 Characterization of electric utility coal fly ash for use in portland cement concrete
04
By-pvducts related to fuels
04 BY-PRODUCTS RELATED TO
FUELS Acld-axtractlon rocsaa for racovotlng galllum SW01368 from fly rrh producad by coa Pcombustion Abishtwa, Z. S. et al, Tsvetn. Met. (hfoscow), 1994, Q, 36-38. (In Russian) The pa r discusses the recovery of Ga from fly ashes of coal combustion by leac&I and extraction. The recovery of Ga by leaching with HCl was 85%. The extraction of Ga from HCl solutions by trialkyaminefollowedby reextraction with NaOH resulted in 99.6% r&very. 9slo1370 Actlvatsd carbons from Ilgnltrs Yang, S. et al., Me&an Zhuanhua, 1994, 17, (I), 46-52. (In Chinese) Describes the outline of the general status of the manufacture of active carbons from linnites. When the feedstocks are similar. the urooerties of the active carbon produced from lignites are similar. Hdwev;, more studies are needed to clarify the various relations between the precursor, the activation process, and their characterization and use. Addltlvr sfhcts of phonolo on hydrodonltrogma95p1371 tlon of acldlc, nautral and basic fractions In coal llqulds Sugano, M. et aL, Nippon Enerugi Gakkuishi 1994,73, (3), 203-209. (In Jaoanesej 1
I
%I01 372 Adsorptlon of Rhodococcur #train GIN-1 (NCIMB 40340) on tltanlum dloxldo and coal fly aoh partlclos ;i;taiii and Pleminger, G. Appl. Environ MicrobioL, 1994, 60, (9), . Rhodoccccus strain GLN-1 can be used to enrich and isolate a titaniumrich fraction from coal flv ash. The sram-oositive bacterium was isolated by its ability to adhere &ngly and rapidly to suspended particles of ure titanium dioxide or coal fly ash. The bacterium exhibits higher aft&y towards oxides of Ti and Zn than to other oxides with similar distribution of particle size. Moreover, it adheres much faster to TiO, than to magnetite (Pe,O, or Al O? Stronger adhesion to TiO, was also demonstrated in the translation o I bacteria, preadsorbed on ma etite, to TiO, particles. The temporary co-adhesion to magnetite and Tl-b 2 was exploited for the des’ n of a prototype biomagnetic separation process in which bacterial ce? 1s serve as an adhesiwe mediator. Carbon flbrr composltos %I01 373 Chung, D. D. Butterworth-HeinemannLtd, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford 0X2. 8DP. UK f67.50. Nov. 1994. 215 DD. The book provides up-to-date information on the entire spectrum of carbon fibre composites. Emphasizes processing as the foundation of composite materials development. Addresses the processing, properties and applications of each type of material systematically. The reader is introduced to a wide range of carbon fibre composites, including polymer-matrix, metal matrix. carbon-matrix. ceramic-matrix and hvbrid comoosites. The subiect is exa&ed in a tutohal fashion, so that no &or lmowiedge of the fieid is required. In contrast to other books on cotiposites, this &k emphasizes materials rather than mechanics, as the prominence of composites materials has resulted from their increased pre.sence in applications other than stnlcture. I
_
I
,
,
*-
Carbon flbars In nature 95101374 Lukjanova, V. T. and Lowova, R. V. Carbon, 1994, 32, (5), 777-783. The fibrous kerite (fibmkerite), which was found in topaz-morion camera1 pegmat& of the Komsten granite body (Ukraine, Volyn), is described, including analysis data on ita chemical composition, impurity elements, molecular structure. and isotonic carbon comoosition. Its genetic relationship to the other &bon-containing substances of pegmat& was shown, and the thermodynamic conditions and mechanism of its origins discussed. 95101375 Carbon-carbon compo8lta contalnlng low-graphltlzlng pitch as blnder or Impregnated phass and having low thermal expansion cosfflclents and Improvsd fatlgur rtrsngth Lewis, I. C. and Howard, R. A. (Assigned to) Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Co. Inc., GER. Ofin DE.3,635,720, Jul. 1994. Describes how composites, which are especially suitable for use in carbon electrodes, are prepared from a matrix of pyrolysis tars, pyrolysis tar distillates. decanted oils. II(LS oils, coal tars, coal tar distillattes, or their mixtures c&linked with F&-O an&or S. The reinforcing materials are carbon or graphite f’ibres, petroleum coke, natural graphite, soot, or anthracite.
96
Fuel and Energy Abstracts March 1995
@ml376
Charactrrlzatlon of olactrlc utility coal fly ash for uss In portland cament concrato Dewey, 0. R. et a$ Proc. Am. Power Con&, 1994, 56, (1). 483-W. Reports that a sigmficant portion of over 51 million tons of coal fly ash ncneratcd bv electric utilihcs each vear is not beinn beneficiallv utilized. The cumnt~ASTMprocedure for ciassifying fly a& for use as a mineral admixture in concrete does not provide a reliable indicator of expected performance. The paper demonstrates the use of microscopic characterixation techniques that provide a quantitative measure of the reactive corn nents in fly ash in&din amorphous composition and water soluF-le crystalline components, Sl! M, electron microprobe analysis, and energy dis rsive X-ray spectroscopy are used to identify phase composition w .tR4 m individual fly ash particles. Charactorlzatlon of thr oil fractlona of ?? hals oil obtalnad by pvrolvsls and suDorcrltlcal wator sxtractlon YE&, J. Fu&- Jan: 199!, 74, (l), 46-50. Goynuk oil shale was subjected to slow pyrolysis and flash pyrolysis. It was also subjected to super and subcritical fluid extraction with water. Considerable differences were observed in the yields and composition of the oils obtained under the four different conditions.
95/01377
95~01378
trmatmant _._- _..._.._
Chrmlcal changu
In mosophass pitch by haat
Lazarov. L. et aL, Acta Mont., Ser. B. 1994. 3, 63-79. Describes the char&erixation of some khemical changes which take place during the transition of coal tar pitch into mesophase. 95101379 Coal llaurfactlon with anthracsnr 011.Influoncs of solvent prstrratmoi, trmporaturs, catalyst and prsssurr Caballero,B. M. et aL, Fuel Sci Tech& In&, 1994,12, Q, 1067-1079. The effects of solvent retreatment, temperature, 2:2:12 wt.% CoO-ZnOMOO, (on fluorinated- a 03 catalyst, and pressure on coal liquefaction in anthracene oil were ev&ated in a SOO-mL autoclave with 10 g Spanish subbituminous A coal, 30 g solvent, 1 h reaction time_,and 400 rpm stirring spe+d. The liquefaction products were fractionated mto oils, asphaltenes, and preasphaltenes using pentane, toluene, and THP as extraction solvents. The behaviour of anthracene oil as coal liquefaction solvent was signlficantly enhanced by prehydrogenating it a&i by the addition of an &vc catalyst. A comparatlvs study ot products drrlvad from Rundir and Stuart ahalr oils and rtrolrum lubricating oil barr stocks (ba8sd on n.m.r., moPscular wolght and rlommtal analyslr) Sergeant, G. D. et al., Fuel, Jan. 1995, 74, (l), 51-56. As part of a study to evaluate the potential of shale oils for lubricating oil production, samties from the Run&e and Stuart oil shale deposits in &stralia have been processed to produce a range of products which were then characterized by ‘H and “C high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, molecular weight determination and elemental analysis. The data have been cornoared with that obtained for two oetmleum derived lubricating oil base s&k sam les. The comparisons sh&ws that the products derived from Rundle and tuart shale oils in the lubricating oil boiling range have lower molecular weight and a lower hydmeen content. The lubricating oil sam les are shown to contain monoammatuz rin with one or more. branched, Pong, alkyl side chains per ring, some napht i?emc but no olefinic structure. 95/01%0
%/01381 Correlation and pradlctlon of the solublllty of carolutlon bon dloxlde In a mlxsd alkanolamlnr ?? kLy2fi5and Mather, A. E. Ind Eng. Chem. Res., Aug. 1994, 33, (8),
been tied extensively due to their high rea&vity,-loti cobt of the solvent, ease of reclamation, and low solubihty of hydrocarbons. Wi paper uses Pitzer’s new excess Gibbs ener equation to correlate the va ur-liquid equilibrium data for mdhyld~et .BKanolamineC0 -H$O and &-CO,+ systems and to predict those for the MDEA-&O,-H,O system. 95101382 Corrosion rsrlrtancs psrformancr of fly ash blrndsd cement concrete Hussain, S. E. ACIMater. J., 1994, 91, (3), 264-272. Describes the accelerated corrosion tests carried out on reinforced concrete specimens madewith plain and fly ash blended cements. QcMOl303 Thr rffsct of prtrolsum coke sulfur contsnt on the loss ot sodium durlng baking Stokka, P. Light Met. (Warrendale, PA), 1994, 695-699. Reports on a study carried out to investigate the loss of Na during heating no as hinh as 11009 of laboratorv-oreoared coal-tar Ditch- and petroleum &ke-de&d pastes containing l.i-4.3 b% sulphur, e&&ally
By-pvducts related to fuels
04 BY-PRODUCTS RELATED TO
FUELS Acld-axtractlon rocsaa for racovotlng galllum SW01368 from fly rrh producad by coa Pcombustion Abishtwa, Z. S. et al, Tsvetn. Met. (hfoscow), 1994, Q, 36-38. (In Russian) The pa r discusses the recovery of Ga from fly ashes of coal combustion by leac&I and extraction. The recovery of Ga by leaching with HCl was 85%. The extraction of Ga from HCl solutions by trialkyaminefollowedby reextraction with NaOH resulted in 99.6% r&very. 9slo1370 Actlvatsd carbons from Ilgnltrs Yang, S. et al., Me&an Zhuanhua, 1994, 17, (I), 46-52. (In Chinese) Describes the outline of the general status of the manufacture of active carbons from linnites. When the feedstocks are similar. the urooerties of the active carbon produced from lignites are similar. Hdwev;, more studies are needed to clarify the various relations between the precursor, the activation process, and their characterization and use. Addltlvr sfhcts of phonolo on hydrodonltrogma95p1371 tlon of acldlc, nautral and basic fractions In coal llqulds Sugano, M. et aL, Nippon Enerugi Gakkuishi 1994,73, (3), 203-209. (In Jaoanesej 1
I
%I01 372 Adsorptlon of Rhodococcur #train GIN-1 (NCIMB 40340) on tltanlum dloxldo and coal fly aoh partlclos ;i;taiii and Pleminger, G. Appl. Environ MicrobioL, 1994, 60, (9), . Rhodoccccus strain GLN-1 can be used to enrich and isolate a titaniumrich fraction from coal flv ash. The sram-oositive bacterium was isolated by its ability to adhere &ngly and rapidly to suspended particles of ure titanium dioxide or coal fly ash. The bacterium exhibits higher aft&y towards oxides of Ti and Zn than to other oxides with similar distribution of particle size. Moreover, it adheres much faster to TiO, than to magnetite (Pe,O, or Al O? Stronger adhesion to TiO, was also demonstrated in the translation o I bacteria, preadsorbed on ma etite, to TiO, particles. The temporary co-adhesion to magnetite and Tl-b 2 was exploited for the des’ n of a prototype biomagnetic separation process in which bacterial ce? 1s serve as an adhesiwe mediator. Carbon flbrr composltos %I01 373 Chung, D. D. Butterworth-HeinemannLtd, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford 0X2. 8DP. UK f67.50. Nov. 1994. 215 DD. The book provides up-to-date information on the entire spectrum of carbon fibre composites. Emphasizes processing as the foundation of composite materials development. Addresses the processing, properties and applications of each type of material systematically. The reader is introduced to a wide range of carbon fibre composites, including polymer-matrix, metal matrix. carbon-matrix. ceramic-matrix and hvbrid comoosites. The subiect is exa&ed in a tutohal fashion, so that no &or lmowiedge of the fieid is required. In contrast to other books on cotiposites, this &k emphasizes materials rather than mechanics, as the prominence of composites materials has resulted from their increased pre.sence in applications other than stnlcture. I
_
I
,
,
*-
Carbon flbars In nature 95101374 Lukjanova, V. T. and Lowova, R. V. Carbon, 1994, 32, (5), 777-783. The fibrous kerite (fibmkerite), which was found in topaz-morion camera1 pegmat& of the Komsten granite body (Ukraine, Volyn), is described, including analysis data on ita chemical composition, impurity elements, molecular structure. and isotonic carbon comoosition. Its genetic relationship to the other &bon-containing substances of pegmat& was shown, and the thermodynamic conditions and mechanism of its origins discussed. 95101375 Carbon-carbon compo8lta contalnlng low-graphltlzlng pitch as blnder or Impregnated phass and having low thermal expansion cosfflclents and Improvsd fatlgur rtrsngth Lewis, I. C. and Howard, R. A. (Assigned to) Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Co. Inc., GER. Ofin DE.3,635,720, Jul. 1994. Describes how composites, which are especially suitable for use in carbon electrodes, are prepared from a matrix of pyrolysis tars, pyrolysis tar distillates. decanted oils. II(LS oils, coal tars, coal tar distillattes, or their mixtures c&linked with F&-O an&or S. The reinforcing materials are carbon or graphite f’ibres, petroleum coke, natural graphite, soot, or anthracite.
96
Fuel and Energy Abstracts March 1995
@ml376
Charactrrlzatlon of olactrlc utility coal fly ash for uss In portland cament concrato Dewey, 0. R. et a$ Proc. Am. Power Con&, 1994, 56, (1). 483-W. Reports that a sigmficant portion of over 51 million tons of coal fly ash ncneratcd bv electric utilihcs each vear is not beinn beneficiallv utilized. The cumnt~ASTMprocedure for ciassifying fly a& for use as a mineral admixture in concrete does not provide a reliable indicator of expected performance. The paper demonstrates the use of microscopic characterixation techniques that provide a quantitative measure of the reactive corn nents in fly ash in&din amorphous composition and water soluF-le crystalline components, Sl! M, electron microprobe analysis, and energy dis rsive X-ray spectroscopy are used to identify phase composition w .tR4 m individual fly ash particles. Charactorlzatlon of thr oil fractlona of ?? hals oil obtalnad by pvrolvsls and suDorcrltlcal wator sxtractlon YE&, J. Fu&- Jan: 199!, 74, (l), 46-50. Goynuk oil shale was subjected to slow pyrolysis and flash pyrolysis. It was also subjected to super and subcritical fluid extraction with water. Considerable differences were observed in the yields and composition of the oils obtained under the four different conditions.
95/01377
95~01378
trmatmant _._- _..._.._
Chrmlcal changu
In mosophass pitch by haat
Lazarov. L. et aL, Acta Mont., Ser. B. 1994. 3, 63-79. Describes the char&erixation of some khemical changes which take place during the transition of coal tar pitch into mesophase. 95101379 Coal llaurfactlon with anthracsnr 011.Influoncs of solvent prstrratmoi, trmporaturs, catalyst and prsssurr Caballero,B. M. et aL, Fuel Sci Tech& In&, 1994,12, Q, 1067-1079. The effects of solvent retreatment, temperature, 2:2:12 wt.% CoO-ZnOMOO, (on fluorinated- a 03 catalyst, and pressure on coal liquefaction in anthracene oil were ev&ated in a SOO-mL autoclave with 10 g Spanish subbituminous A coal, 30 g solvent, 1 h reaction time_,and 400 rpm stirring spe+d. The liquefaction products were fractionated mto oils, asphaltenes, and preasphaltenes using pentane, toluene, and THP as extraction solvents. The behaviour of anthracene oil as coal liquefaction solvent was signlficantly enhanced by prehydrogenating it a&i by the addition of an &vc catalyst. A comparatlvs study ot products drrlvad from Rundir and Stuart ahalr oils and rtrolrum lubricating oil barr stocks (ba8sd on n.m.r., moPscular wolght and rlommtal analyslr) Sergeant, G. D. et al., Fuel, Jan. 1995, 74, (l), 51-56. As part of a study to evaluate the potential of shale oils for lubricating oil production, samties from the Run&e and Stuart oil shale deposits in &stralia have been processed to produce a range of products which were then characterized by ‘H and “C high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, molecular weight determination and elemental analysis. The data have been cornoared with that obtained for two oetmleum derived lubricating oil base s&k sam les. The comparisons sh&ws that the products derived from Rundle and tuart shale oils in the lubricating oil boiling range have lower molecular weight and a lower hydmeen content. The lubricating oil sam les are shown to contain monoammatuz rin with one or more. branched, Pong, alkyl side chains per ring, some napht i?emc but no olefinic structure. 95/01%0
%/01381 Correlation and pradlctlon of the solublllty of carolutlon bon dloxlde In a mlxsd alkanolamlnr ?? kLy2fi5and Mather, A. E. Ind Eng. Chem. Res., Aug. 1994, 33, (8),
been tied extensively due to their high rea&vity,-loti cobt of the solvent, ease of reclamation, and low solubihty of hydrocarbons. Wi paper uses Pitzer’s new excess Gibbs ener equation to correlate the va ur-liquid equilibrium data for mdhyld~et .BKanolamineC0 -H$O and &-CO,+ systems and to predict those for the MDEA-&O,-H,O system. 95101382 Corrosion rsrlrtancs psrformancr of fly ash blrndsd cement concrete Hussain, S. E. ACIMater. J., 1994, 91, (3), 264-272. Describes the accelerated corrosion tests carried out on reinforced concrete specimens madewith plain and fly ash blended cements. QcMOl303 Thr rffsct of prtrolsum coke sulfur contsnt on the loss ot sodium durlng baking Stokka, P. Light Met. (Warrendale, PA), 1994, 695-699. Reports on a study carried out to investigate the loss of Na during heating no as hinh as 11009 of laboratorv-oreoared coal-tar Ditch- and petroleum &ke-de&d pastes containing l.i-4.3 b% sulphur, e&&ally