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01590 Evaluation of the marginal outage costs in composite generation and transmission systems
07
Evaluation of the mnrginal outage coata In corn 96/01590 poslto gonomtkn and tmnamlulon ayatema Ghejer,R. and Billiiton, R. Electric Power Systems Res., NOV. 1994,31. (2). 79-86. Evaluation of the marginal outage costs in generation systems using quantitative power system reliability techniques has been recently demonstrated It was shown that the marginal outage cost varies with the operating reserve and the lead time into the future. The paper is coru~rned with the variation of the marginal outage costs over space becauas the location of loads with respect to the overall system topology containing both generation and transmission facilities has an impact on these costs. The effects of selected pertinent factors on the marginal outage cost in composite systems are also presented. The proposed method and sensitivity studies are illustrated using the IEEE Reliability Teat System. %mls91
Evolutkn of maldontkl okctrkity demand by onduoe In Ouebec 1@79_1SSgz A condltlo~l demand ?? nalysk Energy Studies Review, 1994, 6, (2), Lakencc, G. and Perron, D. 164473. ‘Ilre paperpresents some of the main conclusions of a temporal analysis of three large-scale electricity demand surveys (1979,19&l and 1989) for the Quebec residential sector with a regression method called Conditional Demand Analysis. The study allows a number of conclusions about certain electricity consumption trends by end-uses from 1979 to 1989 by household type and by vintage category.
95/01597 Plugglng Into ekctrlcity’r Mum Livingston, R. Cod Voice, Fall 1994, 17, (4). 2227. To niany Americans, saving energy and sating electrici are indiitinmdshable. this thinking has been the driving force behin Ir the measures iow in p&e to reduceqemand for electricity.-The problem is that this isn’t true. Today’s advaced electro-technologies can improve efficiencies and allow wider use of electricity while still improving the environment. Ruhaplng the ?? kctrlc powr Induaty WOl5W Flavin. C. and Lenssen. N. Enerm Policx_. Dec. 1994.. 22.-, 02)._io29-io44. The electric power industry has entered a period of rapid change - with profound implications for the health of the global economy and natural environment. Many of today’s vertically integrated utilities are likely to be restructured or broken up in the cornmg decade, yieldinga commodity market in power eneration and transmission, and a competitive services market at the IA distribution level. The transformation of the industry is being driven both by broad treads toward privatization and deregulation, and by rapid advancts in energy producing and consuming technologies. Devices such as fuel cells, photovoltaica, and flywheels will open the way to a more decentraixed poGer industry in whicli electricity geieration and storage facilities are increasingly lccated in customers’ own facilities integrated and controlled by new digital communications systems. Wo15w
W/O1592 Experlenco with denguktlon In Nomay Loken. P. A. MPS, Modern Power Syskms, Jan. 1995, 15, (l), 23-26. The electricity industry did not ask for a new energy law in 1990. They did not want to initiate competition in 1991 either. Today most of the industry real&s the value of the deregulation which has been performed. The author gives a review of deregulation of the industry in Norway.
M/O1593
Export of Nomoglan hydropower under a common European reglmo of onvlronmontal taxor Amuadsen, E. S. et a& Energy Economics, Oct. 1994, 16, (4), 271-280. Along with the efforts of the European Union to introduce third party access in the transmission of electricity, a new export market for Nonvegian low-cost hydropower is being opened. Since the generation of hydropower is environmentally clean (ie producing no emission of CO,, SO, etc), we would expect that Norwegian electricity could obtain a premium under a common European system of environmental taxes as compared to electricity based on coal, oil and natural gas. The paper sets out to iavestiaate the stratcaic wsition of Norweaian hvdrooower and. in oarticular. to &dy optimal -&c&ions with respectb the ?nst&ation of new export &ISmission lines. For this purpose, the authors constructed an integrated longrun equilibrium model for the northern European electricity market determining production, consumption and trade. 95lQ1524
LlgMlng controlr dollvor wvlngr Nov.-Dec. 1994, 13, (lo), 56-57. Describes the advanced lighting controls which have helped the Royal Mail &liver savings of over 50% at its Information Technology divison centre in Famborough. Hampshire, UK. Energy in Buildings & Industg
WO1595 Load remarch and Integrated local T&D plannlng Pupp, R. et al., Energy Feb. 1995, u), (2), 89-94. Similar to many U.S. utilities, Pacific Gas and Electric @G&E) faces rapidlv increasinn local transmission and distribution exoenditures and is de;eloping a n’cw local integrated resource planning p&ess to limit these expenditures. PG&E is integrating demand-side management programs tiih local area expansion la& to reduce load growth an?l defer expensive local area transmission ana distribution upgradea. Shows how detailed load research data are used in the new local integrated resource plannin approach. Integrating demand-side management programs in the traBltlonal * expansion plan enables PG&E to reduce its planned investment by 31% or $35 million in present value over a a-year period, for a suburban area in Northern California. 95101596 Multlobjoctlva optlmal thermal power dlrpatch Dhillon, J. S. et al., Inr. J. Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 1994, 16, (6), , 383-389. A multiobjective thermal power dispatch problem is formulated using noncommensurable obiectives such as ooeratinn costs and minimal emission. A sensitivi me&e is chosen wliereby &he effects of variations in the nominal con 8.ltlons describing a ‘ven multiobjective problem can be measured and incorporated as a pe Bormance index to be minimized. A nonlinear programming problem provides the framework for examining the objective constraint level in an e-constant form of the multiobjective optimization problem. The dispersion index is chosen as the sensitivity measure for the investigation of the effects of random variations in the model parameters of the optimal solution. A sensitivity trade-off is exploited for the multiobjective problem that represents the trade-off between sensitivity and objective level. Validity of the method is demonstrated.
Ath9mativeenergy 8ourc88 @Eoconve&n energy)
Sutilnablllty,
value trade off& and ekctrlc utlllty
planning. A Canadlanwimplo
McDaniels. T. L. Enerm Policy, Dec. 1994. 22 (12). 1045-1054. The paper Considers pra&zal is&s in implement&g Sustainable development concepts for utility planning. Initial sections dii sustainability concepts, emphasizing the role of value trade offs and the need for dii consideration of the interests of affected parties to help overcome opposition when policies change. Value focused thinking is discus& as a useful approach f& clarifying value trade offs inherent & sustainability debates. An example regarding electrical planning in British Columbia illustrates that holistic judgements are an inadequate basis for decisions involving sustainability and that a standards based approach is at best only a partial strategy. It illustrates that limited information about preferences of key groups can be used to create new alternatives that are likely to achieve wider support and thus stand a better chance of implemeatat~on. 25101500 Uolng customer outage coata In mkctrklty rallablllty planning Forte, V. J. et al., Energv, Feb. 1995, 20, (2), 81-87. The authors propose an economic electricity reliability planning model which includes customer outage costs (COCs). The obective is to select transmission and distribution (T&D) lanniag projects which minimii the total costs of providing service in tge T&D system. Total costs include both traditional labour and material costs of a T&D project and customer outage costs. The model was applied to evaluate two distribution projects using outage cost data recently collected by Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation. Compares the projects selected in thii approach to the projects that would have been chosen if outage costs were not used in the analysis.
07 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
SOURCES Bioconversion Energy Wo15o1 About bkdlrsel. A clean, nnrwabk fuel Solar Today,Jan.-Feb. 1995, 9, (l), p. 19. Describes biodiesel which is the name for a variety of ester-baaed oxygenated fuels derived from renewable biological sources. It can be used in compression-ignition (diesel) engines without any modifications. Pure biodlesel is bmdegradablc, nontoxic and essentially free of sulphur and aromatics. Tougher emissions standards are forcia diesel engine users tc look for less polluting options, and biodiesel is a c tcaner-burning fuel than diesel from petroleum.
I-
95101502 Anarrobk dlge8tlon of chea80 whey, poultry warto and cattle dung - A study of the use of mlxtun of adsorbents and/or aurfactantr to Improve dlgarter performance Desai, M. and Madamwar, D. Energy & Environment 1994, 5, (4), 379.385. The paper describes the improvement of anaerobic di@oa
process due to the addition of various surfactants and adsorbeats m different combinations. Among the different combinations tested mixture of silica gel (24W mg lit&‘) and sodium lauryl sulphate (300 rug lit@‘) showed maximum enhancement in gas production as well as methane content indicating better process performance.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts March 1!3!% 109
Evaluation of the mnrginal outage coata In corn 96/01590 poslto gonomtkn and tmnamlulon ayatema Ghejer,R. and Billiiton, R. Electric Power Systems Res., NOV. 1994,31. (2). 79-86. Evaluation of the marginal outage costs in generation systems using quantitative power system reliability techniques has been recently demonstrated It was shown that the marginal outage cost varies with the operating reserve and the lead time into the future. The paper is coru~rned with the variation of the marginal outage costs over space becauas the location of loads with respect to the overall system topology containing both generation and transmission facilities has an impact on these costs. The effects of selected pertinent factors on the marginal outage cost in composite systems are also presented. The proposed method and sensitivity studies are illustrated using the IEEE Reliability Teat System. %mls91
Evolutkn of maldontkl okctrkity demand by onduoe In Ouebec 1@79_1SSgz A condltlo~l demand ?? nalysk Energy Studies Review, 1994, 6, (2), Lakencc, G. and Perron, D. 164473. ‘Ilre paperpresents some of the main conclusions of a temporal analysis of three large-scale electricity demand surveys (1979,19&l and 1989) for the Quebec residential sector with a regression method called Conditional Demand Analysis. The study allows a number of conclusions about certain electricity consumption trends by end-uses from 1979 to 1989 by household type and by vintage category.
95/01597 Plugglng Into ekctrlcity’r Mum Livingston, R. Cod Voice, Fall 1994, 17, (4). 2227. To niany Americans, saving energy and sating electrici are indiitinmdshable. this thinking has been the driving force behin Ir the measures iow in p&e to reduceqemand for electricity.-The problem is that this isn’t true. Today’s advaced electro-technologies can improve efficiencies and allow wider use of electricity while still improving the environment. Ruhaplng the ?? kctrlc powr Induaty WOl5W Flavin. C. and Lenssen. N. Enerm Policx_. Dec. 1994.. 22.-, 02)._io29-io44. The electric power industry has entered a period of rapid change - with profound implications for the health of the global economy and natural environment. Many of today’s vertically integrated utilities are likely to be restructured or broken up in the cornmg decade, yieldinga commodity market in power eneration and transmission, and a competitive services market at the IA distribution level. The transformation of the industry is being driven both by broad treads toward privatization and deregulation, and by rapid advancts in energy producing and consuming technologies. Devices such as fuel cells, photovoltaica, and flywheels will open the way to a more decentraixed poGer industry in whicli electricity geieration and storage facilities are increasingly lccated in customers’ own facilities integrated and controlled by new digital communications systems. Wo15w
W/O1592 Experlenco with denguktlon In Nomay Loken. P. A. MPS, Modern Power Syskms, Jan. 1995, 15, (l), 23-26. The electricity industry did not ask for a new energy law in 1990. They did not want to initiate competition in 1991 either. Today most of the industry real&s the value of the deregulation which has been performed. The author gives a review of deregulation of the industry in Norway.
M/O1593
Export of Nomoglan hydropower under a common European reglmo of onvlronmontal taxor Amuadsen, E. S. et a& Energy Economics, Oct. 1994, 16, (4), 271-280. Along with the efforts of the European Union to introduce third party access in the transmission of electricity, a new export market for Nonvegian low-cost hydropower is being opened. Since the generation of hydropower is environmentally clean (ie producing no emission of CO,, SO, etc), we would expect that Norwegian electricity could obtain a premium under a common European system of environmental taxes as compared to electricity based on coal, oil and natural gas. The paper sets out to iavestiaate the stratcaic wsition of Norweaian hvdrooower and. in oarticular. to &dy optimal -&c&ions with respectb the ?nst&ation of new export &ISmission lines. For this purpose, the authors constructed an integrated longrun equilibrium model for the northern European electricity market determining production, consumption and trade. 95lQ1524
LlgMlng controlr dollvor wvlngr Nov.-Dec. 1994, 13, (lo), 56-57. Describes the advanced lighting controls which have helped the Royal Mail &liver savings of over 50% at its Information Technology divison centre in Famborough. Hampshire, UK. Energy in Buildings & Industg
WO1595 Load remarch and Integrated local T&D plannlng Pupp, R. et al., Energy Feb. 1995, u), (2), 89-94. Similar to many U.S. utilities, Pacific Gas and Electric @G&E) faces rapidlv increasinn local transmission and distribution exoenditures and is de;eloping a n’cw local integrated resource planning p&ess to limit these expenditures. PG&E is integrating demand-side management programs tiih local area expansion la& to reduce load growth an?l defer expensive local area transmission ana distribution upgradea. Shows how detailed load research data are used in the new local integrated resource plannin approach. Integrating demand-side management programs in the traBltlonal * expansion plan enables PG&E to reduce its planned investment by 31% or $35 million in present value over a a-year period, for a suburban area in Northern California. 95101596 Multlobjoctlva optlmal thermal power dlrpatch Dhillon, J. S. et al., Inr. J. Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 1994, 16, (6), , 383-389. A multiobjective thermal power dispatch problem is formulated using noncommensurable obiectives such as ooeratinn costs and minimal emission. A sensitivi me&e is chosen wliereby &he effects of variations in the nominal con 8.ltlons describing a ‘ven multiobjective problem can be measured and incorporated as a pe Bormance index to be minimized. A nonlinear programming problem provides the framework for examining the objective constraint level in an e-constant form of the multiobjective optimization problem. The dispersion index is chosen as the sensitivity measure for the investigation of the effects of random variations in the model parameters of the optimal solution. A sensitivity trade-off is exploited for the multiobjective problem that represents the trade-off between sensitivity and objective level. Validity of the method is demonstrated.
Ath9mativeenergy 8ourc88 @Eoconve&n energy)
Sutilnablllty,
value trade off& and ekctrlc utlllty
planning. A Canadlanwimplo
McDaniels. T. L. Enerm Policy, Dec. 1994. 22 (12). 1045-1054. The paper Considers pra&zal is&s in implement&g Sustainable development concepts for utility planning. Initial sections dii sustainability concepts, emphasizing the role of value trade offs and the need for dii consideration of the interests of affected parties to help overcome opposition when policies change. Value focused thinking is discus& as a useful approach f& clarifying value trade offs inherent & sustainability debates. An example regarding electrical planning in British Columbia illustrates that holistic judgements are an inadequate basis for decisions involving sustainability and that a standards based approach is at best only a partial strategy. It illustrates that limited information about preferences of key groups can be used to create new alternatives that are likely to achieve wider support and thus stand a better chance of implemeatat~on. 25101500 Uolng customer outage coata In mkctrklty rallablllty planning Forte, V. J. et al., Energv, Feb. 1995, 20, (2), 81-87. The authors propose an economic electricity reliability planning model which includes customer outage costs (COCs). The obective is to select transmission and distribution (T&D) lanniag projects which minimii the total costs of providing service in tge T&D system. Total costs include both traditional labour and material costs of a T&D project and customer outage costs. The model was applied to evaluate two distribution projects using outage cost data recently collected by Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation. Compares the projects selected in thii approach to the projects that would have been chosen if outage costs were not used in the analysis.
07 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
SOURCES Bioconversion Energy Wo15o1 About bkdlrsel. A clean, nnrwabk fuel Solar Today,Jan.-Feb. 1995, 9, (l), p. 19. Describes biodiesel which is the name for a variety of ester-baaed oxygenated fuels derived from renewable biological sources. It can be used in compression-ignition (diesel) engines without any modifications. Pure biodlesel is bmdegradablc, nontoxic and essentially free of sulphur and aromatics. Tougher emissions standards are forcia diesel engine users tc look for less polluting options, and biodiesel is a c tcaner-burning fuel than diesel from petroleum.
I-
95101502 Anarrobk dlge8tlon of chea80 whey, poultry warto and cattle dung - A study of the use of mlxtun of adsorbents and/or aurfactantr to Improve dlgarter performance Desai, M. and Madamwar, D. Energy & Environment 1994, 5, (4), 379.385. The paper describes the improvement of anaerobic di@oa
process due to the addition of various surfactants and adsorbeats m different combinations. Among the different combinations tested mixture of silica gel (24W mg lit&‘) and sodium lauryl sulphate (300 rug lit@‘) showed maximum enhancement in gas production as well as methane content indicating better process performance.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts March 1!3!% 109