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01651 Coproduction of hydrogen and electricity: Catalytic applications
07 95/01%9 Conatructlon aterta In Birmingham, England WarmerBulletin, Feb. 1995, (44), p. 24. A note on the construction of a new fM85 waste-to-ener plant in Birtails from Stuart Sim, vseley Waste Esposal, James mingham, UK. Road, Tyseley, !Yirmingham Bll 2BA, UK) 96/91%1 Coproductlon of hydrogen and ?? iectriclty: Catalytic appllcatlona Mills, G. A. Pre~r. PawAm. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994. 39,..I. (4). 116211166. D&usses the catalytic in fossil fuel-based coproduction of hydro en and electricity iscussed are: catalytic gasification of solid i!lels; simultaneous catalytic gasification and synthesis of fuel hydro. carbons or oxygenates; catal ic water gas shift; catalytic 0 genate synthesis; catalytic reforming or oxygenates (espcclally MeGH)$ or hydrogen manufacture; electroattalytic hydrogen separation; catalytic fuel cells, and catalytic membrane separation of hydrogen. The copyrolyala of poly(vlnylohlorid8) with callu95m1%2 loho~arlvad matarlala as a modal for munlclpal waata darlvad McGhee. B. et al. FueL Jan. 1995. 74. (11. 28-31. The py&ysis and &i&ion of poly&&yi&oride) (PVC) with wood and straw is considered as a simple model for municipal wastes of different composition. It is shown that during pyrolysis of mixtures of PVC with straw that char yields are greater than produced by pyrolysis of the individual corn nents. This was believed to be caused by some interaction of HCl Wit */? the cellulose below 600 K. The reactivitles of chars produced from mixtures of straw with PVC are significantly lower than the reactivities expected if the individual components were pyrolysed separatley. It is argued that the presence of chlorinated polymers in municipal waste may tend to increase char yields during pyrolysis and reduce the reactivity of the resulting chars. Energy altarnatlvaa for llghtlng In houaaholda: An 95/01%2 avaluatlon ualng an Integrated goal programmlng-AHP modal Ramanathan, R. and Ganesh, L. S. Energy, Jan. 1995, 20, (l), 63-72. Seven energy soulccs usable for Ii hting in households have been evaluated against 12 (9 quantitative an% 3 qualitative) objectives representing the energy-econdmf-environmental system using an ~integrated-goal pro: gramming-AHP model. Sensitivity analysis has been uerformed. While chotovol&cs, grid electricity, and &c&i&y generated &m diesel, bio as and fuel-wood are omferred. the use of kerosene and bionas reauires et I-
%rn1%4 Flash copyrolyala of coal and polyolafln Hayashi. J. I. et al., Enerav % Fuels, Nov.-Dec. 1994.8. (6). 1353-1359. In ihe p-&sent study, the a
Alternative energy sources
(others, including development,
econumics)
%I91858 MSW Inclnaretlon: A crltlcal ?? aaaaamant Wallis. M. K. and Watson. A. Enerpv WorU Dec. 1994. (2241 14-16. Is ‘w&c to ener ’reallysthe safe anld rene&ble source ih‘at itkinerator developers claim fyThe article argues that money would be better spent on cleaning up existing conventional plants. There is no justii!catioQ sa the authors, for compelling consumers to subsidise waste disposa1 throu d the N’FFO to tbe tune of around f 15 per tonne. New ranawabla energy raaourcaa. A gulda to the z:5° The World Energy Council, Kogan Page, 120 Pentonville R&
London
Nl 9BR. f35.00. 392 mx ‘Ihe guide details and synthesises the invaluable results of tbe careful research undertake by the WEC into the possible future role of renewable energy in the years to 2020. Tbe riod 2020-2100 and its possibilities are also considered in broad outline. fi y dispassionately looking ahead at what could and what is likely to be the pattern of energy provision in the next millennium, this important study shows exactly bow important renewable ener could be. The book provides a comprehensive review of its su ‘ect bothg&om a technical and economic point of view, and by giving a% alanced assessnent of local environmental impacts set within a broader framework of environmental concerns. Ranawabla energy raaourcaa In the State of Alnaser, W. E. Applied Energy, 1995, SO, (l), 23-30. The annual average long-term solar tential on a horizontal surface in Bahrain was found to be 408 Wm.‘, ?h e annual mean daily wind power density is 66.2 Wm.*. Tidal power is at a maximum in September and March and reaches 0.339 and 0.340 Wm.’ nspectively. The water current wer in Bahrain was estimated to be nearly 552 Wm.‘. The paper highrlghts the advantages and the disadvantages of adopting each type of such renewable technology. 96lol %I The role of the an Inaar In ?? uatalnabla davalopmat: Selected raadlnga and raParancaa for the profaaalonal American Association of Engineerng Societies, 1111 19& St., N.W., Suite 608. Washinnton DC.20036.3690. USA. $17.95. IO6 DD. Thi book is”a b&c primer for practicing engi&ers a;l;i students of engineering to simulate interest in and understanding of the basic concepts of sustainable development. 95/01%2 Sal+oaclllatln coaxlatanca of mathanogana and sulfate-raducam under hy8 rogan ?? ulflda lnhlbltlon and the PH_ mgulatlng affect Vavilin, V. A. et aL, Bioresource Technology, 1994, 49, (2). 105-119. A simulation model of organic-matter anaerobIc degradation described earlier by the authors was used for the description of sulphate infIuencc on methanogenesis. It was calibrated and verified on the experimental data of Parkin et al. (1990), where. the anaerobic chemostats were maintained at changing COD/S ratios from 60/l to 2/l, with acetate. as the carbon source. The model was applied to investigate the interaction between sulphate reducing and methane producing bacteria. The simulation of the sulphate step increase showed that there was a threshold value of hydrogen sulphide concentration at which the system failed. When the COD/S ratio was less than 10/l, both sulphate reduction amd methane production shut down. %iQ1%3 Solar hvdroaan for tranaooftatlon Ogden. J. Solar Todai, JL-Feb. 1995, 9.‘(i): 25-27. The author discusses how vehicles fuelled with hvdroaen from renewable sources produce little or no pollution and could have IBe-cycle costs comparable to those of gasoline or battery-powered cars. Reports that two types of hydrogen-fuelled vehicles are under development: internal-combustion engine vehicles and fuel-cell vehicles,
osmi6m
Suatalnabla cltlaa In Eurooa Nijkamp, P. and Per&, A. Earthscan, LO&XI, N4.95, 1994, III pp. The book is based on case studies from the CITIES project launched by the Commission of the European Community.
%I~1 665 UK ranawabla ensray ?? trataQy. The need for longer-term support Elliott, D. A. EneravPolicy, Dec. 1994. 22. (12). 1067.1074. The UK renewable clergy d&D progra&me’is‘ &rently being cut back. The ‘near market’ technologies that it has identified are expected to be taken over by the private sector, with the su subsidy. The pa r explores the implication opp4” this strategy for the.Ixossmore Of the NFFo novel, less deve feoped, renewables, which are unlikely to benefit from the NFFO. It argues that, as longer-term environmental cosdngs are. factored into the assessment, the currently less economically attragive technologies could become strate ically important. In this situation, it is suggested, the cut backs in researc a would seem unwise.
Fuel and Energy Abatracta March 1995
113
%rn1%4 Flash copyrolyala of coal and polyolafln Hayashi. J. I. et al., Enerav % Fuels, Nov.-Dec. 1994.8. (6). 1353-1359. In ihe p-&sent study, the a
Alternative energy sources
(others, including development,
econumics)
%I91858 MSW Inclnaretlon: A crltlcal ?? aaaaamant Wallis. M. K. and Watson. A. Enerpv WorU Dec. 1994. (2241 14-16. Is ‘w&c to ener ’reallysthe safe anld rene&ble source ih‘at itkinerator developers claim fyThe article argues that money would be better spent on cleaning up existing conventional plants. There is no justii!catioQ sa the authors, for compelling consumers to subsidise waste disposa1 throu d the N’FFO to tbe tune of around f 15 per tonne. New ranawabla energy raaourcaa. A gulda to the z:5° The World Energy Council, Kogan Page, 120 Pentonville R&
London
Nl 9BR. f35.00. 392 mx ‘Ihe guide details and synthesises the invaluable results of tbe careful research undertake by the WEC into the possible future role of renewable energy in the years to 2020. Tbe riod 2020-2100 and its possibilities are also considered in broad outline. fi y dispassionately looking ahead at what could and what is likely to be the pattern of energy provision in the next millennium, this important study shows exactly bow important renewable ener could be. The book provides a comprehensive review of its su ‘ect bothg&om a technical and economic point of view, and by giving a% alanced assessnent of local environmental impacts set within a broader framework of environmental concerns. Ranawabla energy raaourcaa In the State of Alnaser, W. E. Applied Energy, 1995, SO, (l), 23-30. The annual average long-term solar tential on a horizontal surface in Bahrain was found to be 408 Wm.‘, ?h e annual mean daily wind power density is 66.2 Wm.*. Tidal power is at a maximum in September and March and reaches 0.339 and 0.340 Wm.’ nspectively. The water current wer in Bahrain was estimated to be nearly 552 Wm.‘. The paper highrlghts the advantages and the disadvantages of adopting each type of such renewable technology. 96lol %I The role of the an Inaar In ?? uatalnabla davalopmat: Selected raadlnga and raParancaa for the profaaalonal American Association of Engineerng Societies, 1111 19& St., N.W., Suite 608. Washinnton DC.20036.3690. USA. $17.95. IO6 DD. Thi book is”a b&c primer for practicing engi&ers a;l;i students of engineering to simulate interest in and understanding of the basic concepts of sustainable development. 95/01%2 Sal+oaclllatln coaxlatanca of mathanogana and sulfate-raducam under hy8 rogan ?? ulflda lnhlbltlon and the PH_ mgulatlng affect Vavilin, V. A. et aL, Bioresource Technology, 1994, 49, (2). 105-119. A simulation model of organic-matter anaerobIc degradation described earlier by the authors was used for the description of sulphate infIuencc on methanogenesis. It was calibrated and verified on the experimental data of Parkin et al. (1990), where. the anaerobic chemostats were maintained at changing COD/S ratios from 60/l to 2/l, with acetate. as the carbon source. The model was applied to investigate the interaction between sulphate reducing and methane producing bacteria. The simulation of the sulphate step increase showed that there was a threshold value of hydrogen sulphide concentration at which the system failed. When the COD/S ratio was less than 10/l, both sulphate reduction amd methane production shut down. %iQ1%3 Solar hvdroaan for tranaooftatlon Ogden. J. Solar Todai, JL-Feb. 1995, 9.‘(i): 25-27. The author discusses how vehicles fuelled with hvdroaen from renewable sources produce little or no pollution and could have IBe-cycle costs comparable to those of gasoline or battery-powered cars. Reports that two types of hydrogen-fuelled vehicles are under development: internal-combustion engine vehicles and fuel-cell vehicles,
osmi6m
Suatalnabla cltlaa In Eurooa Nijkamp, P. and Per&, A. Earthscan, LO&XI, N4.95, 1994, III pp. The book is based on case studies from the CITIES project launched by the Commission of the European Community.
%I~1 665 UK ranawabla ensray ?? trataQy. The need for longer-term support Elliott, D. A. EneravPolicy, Dec. 1994. 22. (12). 1067.1074. The UK renewable clergy d&D progra&me’is‘ &rently being cut back. The ‘near market’ technologies that it has identified are expected to be taken over by the private sector, with the su subsidy. The pa r explores the implication opp4” this strategy for the.Ixossmore Of the NFFo novel, less deve feoped, renewables, which are unlikely to benefit from the NFFO. It argues that, as longer-term environmental cosdngs are. factored into the assessment, the currently less economically attragive technologies could become strate ically important. In this situation, it is suggested, the cut backs in researc a would seem unwise.
Fuel and Energy Abatracta March 1995
113