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01791 Trace element behavior during coal combustion: Results of a laboratory study
OQ Combustion (burners, wmbustbn
systems)
95/91753 Shock wave atudy of the thermal dacompoaltlon of bsnzyl alcohol Frisch, S. et aL, Combustion & Flame, NW. 1994.99, (2), 254-260. l%e thermaldecomposition of benxyl alcohol was inves@ated in shock waves over the temperature range 1200-1600 K, monitoring benxyl and OH radical amantratioru by UV absorption spectroscopy. A limiting high- saure rate constant was derived. By investigating the dissociation qmh*K! um, a limiting high-pressure rate constant for the reverse recombination and an equilibrium constant were also determined. Falloff curves of the reaction as well as a comparison between thermal and laser excitation results for the dissociation were based on unimolccular rate theory. %I01784 Stretch effecta oxtmctod from propsgatlng spherlcat premlxad tlamo8 with detallsd ohsmlstry Miehre,D. P. d al., Ccnnbustion (e Flame, Nov. 1994, 99. (2), 379-386. stretch effects from outward pro The paper is concerned with extra gating spherical flames with full?% emiatry. It is a continuation 0$ a recently published stud from this laboratory where it is shown that singlcstep chemistry is ins l& sent to explain the experimental results on methani, propane~and hydrogen-air sy&ms. Com&isons of the present full chemistrv calculations with the experimental results for several fuel/air systems ire goodlexallent, with the exaption of rich propane-air from which it ia ar ed that soot chemistry with attendant radiation loas need to be invoked. ?#Ie reversal in trends of stretch effects due to chance in ssure! initial temperature and Nz dilution (observed in experiments) can prdcted well by full chenustry but not with simple single-step cheiliitry.
IE
A study on the sf?sct of coal type and coal Injsctlon 95/91785 mts on the combustion bahavlour Jung, S. K. cl al., RIST Yongu Nonmun, 1994, 8, (1): 9-16. (In Korean) Reports on a study of the combustibility of high-volatde bituminous coal presently used in POSCO. System lnstallatlon and burnln of coke oven gao 95/91755 at Dstrolt Edlaon’r Rlwr Rougr Powor Pla 4 Kaercher, G. C. et al, Proc. Am. Power Co&, 1994,56, (2), 1760-1765. Describes the design of the retrofit equipment for coke oven gas as supplemental fuel for the power plant, the supply piping arrangement, and the operation of the eqmpment. therm0 raphy-asalrted combustion 95lQl707 TACCOM control system for warts Inclnrra Pon Schuler, F. et al., Combusrion & Flame, Nov. 1994, 99. (2), 431-439. A novel type of combustion control system is described ‘fbr municipal waste incinerators using infmred thermography to obtain information about the temperature distribution in the furnace interior. A scannercamera operating in the mid infrared was installed at the waste-to-energy plant in Coburn, Germany during the experiments. Selection of an appropriate wavelength region allows the direct imaging of the fuel bed through the overlying name and 5ue gas atmosphere and the determination of temperature distributions within seconds. The 1empsnture E88 Vovchuk, J. I. and Poletaev, N. I.
tlald of a Iamlnar dlffurlon dust Combustion & Flame, Dec. 1994, 99,
e temperaturf field pf aluminum, +inar diffusion, dust names (LDDF) has been stuked usm&holop. mterferometry. Radutl ~mpe~ture en etermmed at twelve cross--on hughts profiles of LDDF has &ove the dust burner. The widths of the burning and preheating zones-md the burning temperature have been investigated. The data obtained were used to elucidate the similarities and differences of LDDF and laminar diffusion gaseous names, and to determine the controlling mechanism of dust combustion. The results i&date that aluminum dust, nonpremixed with gaseous oxygen, burned out in diffusion regime. 95/01759 A tomparaturs-dspsndent modal for pulverlzad coal pyrolyslr Chen, H. et al., Huazhong Ligong Daxue Xuebao, 1994, 22, (3), 42-46. (In Chinese) Discusses the effects of the coal rank, particle size, and final heating temperature on fast and slow pyrolysis of pulverized coal in a drop-tube furnace and slow pyrolysis of pulverized coal in a drop-tube furnace and slow pyrolysis in a thermal differential balance. The total yield of volatiles was dependent on the temperature of particles; the bigher the particle temperature is, the higher the volatiles yield. Thermal dacomposltlon of HCI mrarursd by ARAS %I01 790 and IR dloda laser spectroscopy Schadine. G. N. and Roth. P. Con&s&n 81 Flame. Dec. 1994.99.131. . ,.,, 467-474: Discusses the thermal decomposition of HCl behind shock waves which was studied by time-dependent concentration measurements of both the decomposition product H, as well as the initial reactant HCI.
122
Fuel and Energy Abstmcts March 1995
95lD1791 Trace element behavior durlng coal combustion: Rsrults of a laboratory rtudy Helble, J. J. Fuel Process. TechnoL, 1994, 39, (l), 159-172. ln a laboratory study using several coals of varyin rank as well as a physical cleaned bituminous coal, the combustion parhtioning of trace clements was examined. Experiments were conducted in M isothermalhinar5ow drop tube furnace with a maximum wall temperature of 175OK; size segregated and utility grind coal samples were both used. Aah samples were size-hactionated as needed using an online cascade impador, and were chemically analyzed for trace element conantrations by neutron activation analysis. For the coals and conditions analyzed, selenium, arsenic, zinc, and antimony were highly enriched in the smallest aah particles. 95/01792 Tmcs metal transformstlon mochsnlsma durlng coal combustion e3yggW. P. and Wcndt, J. 0. Fuel Process. Techno&, 1994, 39. (l), . Mechanisms novernin~~the fate of trace metals durinn coal combustion are reviewed, a&zi new &coretical results interpretig exisdata are presented. Emphasis is on predicting the size-se egated speciation of trace metals in pulverized coal-fired power plant e!i uents. This facet, which determines how trace metals originally m coal impact the environment, is controlled by fuel composition and combustion conditions. Multicomponent equ-ilibrium cjllculations are used to predid va rixation/condensation temperatures for antimony, arsenic, beryllium, &um, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel and selenium compounds in coal combustion 5ue gases for a representative Illinois No. 6. 95lQl793 Treatment of sssous hydrocarbon& hydrocarbon mlxturrs, hydrogen, and Rydrogon compoundr In tubs8 of a tuba turnacs Michel, W. et al., GER. (East) DD.301,856, May 1994. A process where $aae.s are thermally or chemically oxidixed .+ a tube furnace at 500-85 usmg a heat transfer agent, preferably a 5uuhxed hquid. Small furnaces provide a consistent heating and gentle treatment of the material. A unltlrd approach to the reducsd klnstlc modrllng 95/01794 of alkanr combustion Griffiths,J. F. et al., Con&u&on & Flame, Dec. 1994, 99, (3). 533-540. A methodology for the generalized kinetic modelling of the combustion of alkanes is presented. By contrast to previous approaches to kinetic modelling of hydrocarbon oxidation, the reactions mcorporated in the present model do not evolve from a soeci5ed fuel molecule. Thev are based directly on the numbers of p&nary, secondary or tertiary*GH bonds formed selectively from the molecular structure of a single component fuel, or a mixture of components. The use of slllcon carblda csramlc In hl h porform95lOl795 ants radiant tubs burners and low NO,, open flame % umors Debier, M. Proc. 2nd Iti. Con& Ceramics in Ener Applications, The InsUure of Energy, 18 Devonshire Sk. London WIN R U, 1994, 137-151. During the last two decades, global energy and market conditions have motivated energy users to improve energy utilization in order to remain competitive. In order to achieve the needs of energy useIs, research in the thermal processing industry has been directed toward one or more of the following: (1) Improving process productivity, (2) im~foving thermal efficiency, (3) mcreasing process temperature, (4) improvmg process temperature uniformity, and (5) improving process u&y. PYRON’ICS - in recognition of these needs, has pursued in the ‘t SA under Gas Research Institute sponsorship, the development of a High Performance SER (HPSER) (Single Ended Radiant Tube burner) which is consistent with and meets all the above five criteria.
t%‘7wUtlllza~lon of char obtalnsd from mpld pyrolyola of Shiraishi, K er aL, (Assigned to) Nippon Steel Corp., JAP. Pat. JP..o6,184,565, Jul. 1994. ss where char is obtained from rapid pyrolysis of coal at 6&If&Y , and thermally treated at more than 800” to generate H-rich gases and porous carbon materials. The char is suitable as a raw material for producing Hz and activated carbon. Waste tar tlrlng system for baklng turnacss %I01 797 Foosnaes, T. et al., Light Met (Warrenable, PA), 1994, 629-631. During anode baking, approximately 35% of the pitch is volatilized, the majority (90-99%) of which is burned. At lants with electrostatic precipitators, the major part of uncombusted vo P.at& is collected as tar. A tar burner was developed for this tar, and examples given for closed-top furnace application.
systems)
95/91753 Shock wave atudy of the thermal dacompoaltlon of bsnzyl alcohol Frisch, S. et aL, Combustion & Flame, NW. 1994.99, (2), 254-260. l%e thermaldecomposition of benxyl alcohol was inves@ated in shock waves over the temperature range 1200-1600 K, monitoring benxyl and OH radical amantratioru by UV absorption spectroscopy. A limiting high- saure rate constant was derived. By investigating the dissociation qmh*K! um, a limiting high-pressure rate constant for the reverse recombination and an equilibrium constant were also determined. Falloff curves of the reaction as well as a comparison between thermal and laser excitation results for the dissociation were based on unimolccular rate theory. %I01784 Stretch effecta oxtmctod from propsgatlng spherlcat premlxad tlamo8 with detallsd ohsmlstry Miehre,D. P. d al., Ccnnbustion (e Flame, Nov. 1994, 99. (2), 379-386. stretch effects from outward pro The paper is concerned with extra gating spherical flames with full?% emiatry. It is a continuation 0$ a recently published stud from this laboratory where it is shown that singlcstep chemistry is ins l& sent to explain the experimental results on methani, propane~and hydrogen-air sy&ms. Com&isons of the present full chemistrv calculations with the experimental results for several fuel/air systems ire goodlexallent, with the exaption of rich propane-air from which it ia ar ed that soot chemistry with attendant radiation loas need to be invoked. ?#Ie reversal in trends of stretch effects due to chance in ssure! initial temperature and Nz dilution (observed in experiments) can prdcted well by full chenustry but not with simple single-step cheiliitry.
IE
A study on the sf?sct of coal type and coal Injsctlon 95/91785 mts on the combustion bahavlour Jung, S. K. cl al., RIST Yongu Nonmun, 1994, 8, (1): 9-16. (In Korean) Reports on a study of the combustibility of high-volatde bituminous coal presently used in POSCO. System lnstallatlon and burnln of coke oven gao 95/91755 at Dstrolt Edlaon’r Rlwr Rougr Powor Pla 4 Kaercher, G. C. et al, Proc. Am. Power Co&, 1994,56, (2), 1760-1765. Describes the design of the retrofit equipment for coke oven gas as supplemental fuel for the power plant, the supply piping arrangement, and the operation of the eqmpment. therm0 raphy-asalrted combustion 95lQl707 TACCOM control system for warts Inclnrra Pon Schuler, F. et al., Combusrion & Flame, Nov. 1994, 99. (2), 431-439. A novel type of combustion control system is described ‘fbr municipal waste incinerators using infmred thermography to obtain information about the temperature distribution in the furnace interior. A scannercamera operating in the mid infrared was installed at the waste-to-energy plant in Coburn, Germany during the experiments. Selection of an appropriate wavelength region allows the direct imaging of the fuel bed through the overlying name and 5ue gas atmosphere and the determination of temperature distributions within seconds. The 1empsnture E88 Vovchuk, J. I. and Poletaev, N. I.
tlald of a Iamlnar dlffurlon dust Combustion & Flame, Dec. 1994, 99,
e temperaturf field pf aluminum, +inar diffusion, dust names (LDDF) has been stuked usm&holop. mterferometry. Radutl ~mpe~ture en etermmed at twelve cross--on hughts profiles of LDDF has &ove the dust burner. The widths of the burning and preheating zones-md the burning temperature have been investigated. The data obtained were used to elucidate the similarities and differences of LDDF and laminar diffusion gaseous names, and to determine the controlling mechanism of dust combustion. The results i&date that aluminum dust, nonpremixed with gaseous oxygen, burned out in diffusion regime. 95/01759 A tomparaturs-dspsndent modal for pulverlzad coal pyrolyslr Chen, H. et al., Huazhong Ligong Daxue Xuebao, 1994, 22, (3), 42-46. (In Chinese) Discusses the effects of the coal rank, particle size, and final heating temperature on fast and slow pyrolysis of pulverized coal in a drop-tube furnace and slow pyrolysis of pulverized coal in a drop-tube furnace and slow pyrolysis in a thermal differential balance. The total yield of volatiles was dependent on the temperature of particles; the bigher the particle temperature is, the higher the volatiles yield. Thermal dacomposltlon of HCI mrarursd by ARAS %I01 790 and IR dloda laser spectroscopy Schadine. G. N. and Roth. P. Con&s&n 81 Flame. Dec. 1994.99.131. . ,.,, 467-474: Discusses the thermal decomposition of HCl behind shock waves which was studied by time-dependent concentration measurements of both the decomposition product H, as well as the initial reactant HCI.
122
Fuel and Energy Abstmcts March 1995
95lD1791 Trace element behavior durlng coal combustion: Rsrults of a laboratory rtudy Helble, J. J. Fuel Process. TechnoL, 1994, 39, (l), 159-172. ln a laboratory study using several coals of varyin rank as well as a physical cleaned bituminous coal, the combustion parhtioning of trace clements was examined. Experiments were conducted in M isothermalhinar5ow drop tube furnace with a maximum wall temperature of 175OK; size segregated and utility grind coal samples were both used. Aah samples were size-hactionated as needed using an online cascade impador, and were chemically analyzed for trace element conantrations by neutron activation analysis. For the coals and conditions analyzed, selenium, arsenic, zinc, and antimony were highly enriched in the smallest aah particles. 95/01792 Tmcs metal transformstlon mochsnlsma durlng coal combustion e3yggW. P. and Wcndt, J. 0. Fuel Process. Techno&, 1994, 39. (l), . Mechanisms novernin~~the fate of trace metals durinn coal combustion are reviewed, a&zi new &coretical results interpretig exisdata are presented. Emphasis is on predicting the size-se egated speciation of trace metals in pulverized coal-fired power plant e!i uents. This facet, which determines how trace metals originally m coal impact the environment, is controlled by fuel composition and combustion conditions. Multicomponent equ-ilibrium cjllculations are used to predid va rixation/condensation temperatures for antimony, arsenic, beryllium, &um, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel and selenium compounds in coal combustion 5ue gases for a representative Illinois No. 6. 95lQl793 Treatment of sssous hydrocarbon& hydrocarbon mlxturrs, hydrogen, and Rydrogon compoundr In tubs8 of a tuba turnacs Michel, W. et al., GER. (East) DD.301,856, May 1994. A process where $aae.s are thermally or chemically oxidixed .+ a tube furnace at 500-85 usmg a heat transfer agent, preferably a 5uuhxed hquid. Small furnaces provide a consistent heating and gentle treatment of the material. A unltlrd approach to the reducsd klnstlc modrllng 95/01794 of alkanr combustion Griffiths,J. F. et al., Con&u&on & Flame, Dec. 1994, 99, (3). 533-540. A methodology for the generalized kinetic modelling of the combustion of alkanes is presented. By contrast to previous approaches to kinetic modelling of hydrocarbon oxidation, the reactions mcorporated in the present model do not evolve from a soeci5ed fuel molecule. Thev are based directly on the numbers of p&nary, secondary or tertiary*GH bonds formed selectively from the molecular structure of a single component fuel, or a mixture of components. The use of slllcon carblda csramlc In hl h porform95lOl795 ants radiant tubs burners and low NO,, open flame % umors Debier, M. Proc. 2nd Iti. Con& Ceramics in Ener Applications, The InsUure of Energy, 18 Devonshire Sk. London WIN R U, 1994, 137-151. During the last two decades, global energy and market conditions have motivated energy users to improve energy utilization in order to remain competitive. In order to achieve the needs of energy useIs, research in the thermal processing industry has been directed toward one or more of the following: (1) Improving process productivity, (2) im~foving thermal efficiency, (3) mcreasing process temperature, (4) improvmg process temperature uniformity, and (5) improving process u&y. PYRON’ICS - in recognition of these needs, has pursued in the ‘t SA under Gas Research Institute sponsorship, the development of a High Performance SER (HPSER) (Single Ended Radiant Tube burner) which is consistent with and meets all the above five criteria.
t%‘7wUtlllza~lon of char obtalnsd from mpld pyrolyola of Shiraishi, K er aL, (Assigned to) Nippon Steel Corp., JAP. Pat. JP..o6,184,565, Jul. 1994. ss where char is obtained from rapid pyrolysis of coal at 6&If&Y , and thermally treated at more than 800” to generate H-rich gases and porous carbon materials. The char is suitable as a raw material for producing Hz and activated carbon. Waste tar tlrlng system for baklng turnacss %I01 797 Foosnaes, T. et al., Light Met (Warrenable, PA), 1994, 629-631. During anode baking, approximately 35% of the pitch is volatilized, the majority (90-99%) of which is burned. At lants with electrostatic precipitators, the major part of uncombusted vo P.at& is collected as tar. A tar burner was developed for this tar, and examples given for closed-top furnace application.