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03264 Gas content of sorrounding rock in bituminous coal strata
01 Estimation of the length of an aromatic interciuster 95103257 bond in coal by coal-structure density simulation Takanohashi, T. et al., Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshy 1994, 20, (5), 959-964. (In Japanese) Describes how a computer simulation using computer-aided molecular design was applied to the construction of a three-dimensional coal structure.
European coal geology 95/03258 Whateley, M. K. and Spears, D. A. (eds.) Geological Sociep Special Publication No.82, The Geological Society, Unir 7, Brassmill Lane, Bath, BAl 3JN, UK, f60.00, $100.00, 1995, 331 pp. Contains 21 papers on the many aspects of European coal geology.
Evaluation of a dimensionless group number to 95103259 determine second-Einstein temperatures in a heat capacity model for ail coal ranks Coimbra, C. F. and Queiroz, M. Combustion & Flame, May 1995, 101, (3), 209-220.
Solid fuels (sources, winning, propetiies)
95103266 inelastic neutron-scattering study of the proton dynamics in coals Fiiiaux, F. et al., Fuel, Jun. 1995, 74, (6), 865-873. The inelastic neutron-scattering (INS) spectra from 30 to 4000 cm” of four coal samples of different rank (subbituminous A, low-volatile bituminous, semianthracite and anthracite) at 20 K are reported. For each coal, rather broad bands superimposed on a continuum with almost constant intensity over the whole frequency range are observed. This continuum is assigned to recoiling free protons located between the graphite-like planes. Band frequencies are compared with those observed in the infrared for the same samples in K Br matrices at room temperature, and consistent assignments in terms of chemical-grouping vibrations are proposed. The INS spectra of rhe coals are also compared with that of perylene (C&H,,). 95103267 influence and modification of the porous texture of coals durina hvdroaenation Maidonado-H:da;, F. 1 er al., Fuel, Jun. 1995, 74, (6), 823-829. A series of coals ranked from lignite to bituminous were hydrogenated at 300, 350 and 400°C in the absence of a solvent and with a hydrogen pressure of 5 or 10 MPa. Conversion percentages and yields of reaction products (oils and asphaltenes) were related to coal textural characteristics. Changes in the textural parameters during hydrogenation were determined
each substance.
Evolution of vitrinite ultrafine structures during 95103260 artificial thermal maturation Laggoun-Defarge, F. et al., ACS Symp. Ser., 1994, (570), 194-205. Describes the simulation of the natural coaiification of a low-rank pure vitrinite which was performed in a confined-pyrolysis system.
Formation of aromatic poiycarboxyiic acids from 95103261 coal by oxygen-oxidation in alkaline medium Qin, M. et al., Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1994, 22, (3), 296-301. (In Chinese) In order to investigate the formation of aromatic acids from coals, Yangquan anthracite was subjected to alkali-oxygen oxidation af 250-270” in an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. Temperature, amount of alkali used, reaction time and initial pressure of oxygen were found to be important factors controlling the yields of aromatic acids and the reaction rate.
FTIR study of pure vitrains and associated coals 95103262 lglesias, M. J. et al., Energy & Fuels, May-Jun. 1995, 9, (3), 458-466. Describes a semiquantitative analysis of the infrared spectra from 650 to 4000 cm” of six vitrains and the coals associated with three of them. The analysis supplies information on the concentration of several functionalities in the samples. Relationships between infrared data and several parameters (carbon content, vitrinite reflectance, pyrolysis data) are discussed.
Gaiena and sphaierite associated with coal seams 95103263 Swaine, D. J. Spec. Publ. Sot. Geol. Appl. Miner. Deposits, 1994, 10, 59-73. The paper describes occurrences of galena and sphalerite associated with coal seams.
Gas content of surrounding rock in bituminous 95103264 coal strata Kunz, E. Glue&auf-Forschungsh., 1994, 55, (4), 106-110. (In German) A distinction has to be made between free and adsorptively trapped gas content in the surrounding rock. To calculate the free gas content the gas porosity of the rock has to be measured on representative samples. The adsorptively trapped gas content of the surrounding rock can be measured according lo relevant operational guidelines, as it is for coal. The results can have application in prediction of gas outbursts in coal mines.
95103265 Geochemistry of arsenic and antimony in Bulgarian coals Eskenazy, G. M. Chem. Geol., 1995, 119, (l), 239-254. Describes how arsenic and Sb were quantified by instrumental neutron activation analysis in coals, coaly shales and partings from 14 Bulgarian coal deposits. The mean values of As and SB in the coal deposits were 259 and 0.2-16 ppm respectively. The subbituminous 19 and 4.1; and bituminous 37 and 1.1 ppm respectively.
influence and transformation of coal mineral matter 95103268 during hydrogenation Maldonado-Hodar, F. J. et al., Fuel, Jun. 1995, 74, (6), 818-822. Mineral matter of coals of different origin was analysed by several techniques (XRD, AAS and SEM-EDX) and mineral transformations durin coal hydrogenation under different experimenal conditions were studle2 . SEM-EDX provides more detailed information on the nature and distribution of these materials and their inorganic-organic relations, mainly revealed as the association of distinct cations (Ca, Fe, Mg, K, Al) with the acid groups of the coal. Fe, Ca and Al contents were determined by AAS and related to coal reactivity. The mineral matter acts as a catalyst for coal hydrogenation, mainly owing to its pyrite content, which has two effects: one as heterogeneous catalyst, the other giving rise to H,S which in turn can act as a homogeneous catalyst. 95103269 investigations into coal classification at separating size ranges
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1995
243
European coal geology 95/03258 Whateley, M. K. and Spears, D. A. (eds.) Geological Sociep Special Publication No.82, The Geological Society, Unir 7, Brassmill Lane, Bath, BAl 3JN, UK, f60.00, $100.00, 1995, 331 pp. Contains 21 papers on the many aspects of European coal geology.
Evaluation of a dimensionless group number to 95103259 determine second-Einstein temperatures in a heat capacity model for ail coal ranks Coimbra, C. F. and Queiroz, M. Combustion & Flame, May 1995, 101, (3), 209-220.
Solid fuels (sources, winning, propetiies)
95103266 inelastic neutron-scattering study of the proton dynamics in coals Fiiiaux, F. et al., Fuel, Jun. 1995, 74, (6), 865-873. The inelastic neutron-scattering (INS) spectra from 30 to 4000 cm” of four coal samples of different rank (subbituminous A, low-volatile bituminous, semianthracite and anthracite) at 20 K are reported. For each coal, rather broad bands superimposed on a continuum with almost constant intensity over the whole frequency range are observed. This continuum is assigned to recoiling free protons located between the graphite-like planes. Band frequencies are compared with those observed in the infrared for the same samples in K Br matrices at room temperature, and consistent assignments in terms of chemical-grouping vibrations are proposed. The INS spectra of rhe coals are also compared with that of perylene (C&H,,). 95103267 influence and modification of the porous texture of coals durina hvdroaenation Maidonado-H:da;, F. 1 er al., Fuel, Jun. 1995, 74, (6), 823-829. A series of coals ranked from lignite to bituminous were hydrogenated at 300, 350 and 400°C in the absence of a solvent and with a hydrogen pressure of 5 or 10 MPa. Conversion percentages and yields of reaction products (oils and asphaltenes) were related to coal textural characteristics. Changes in the textural parameters during hydrogenation were determined
each substance.
Evolution of vitrinite ultrafine structures during 95103260 artificial thermal maturation Laggoun-Defarge, F. et al., ACS Symp. Ser., 1994, (570), 194-205. Describes the simulation of the natural coaiification of a low-rank pure vitrinite which was performed in a confined-pyrolysis system.
Formation of aromatic poiycarboxyiic acids from 95103261 coal by oxygen-oxidation in alkaline medium Qin, M. et al., Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1994, 22, (3), 296-301. (In Chinese) In order to investigate the formation of aromatic acids from coals, Yangquan anthracite was subjected to alkali-oxygen oxidation af 250-270” in an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. Temperature, amount of alkali used, reaction time and initial pressure of oxygen were found to be important factors controlling the yields of aromatic acids and the reaction rate.
FTIR study of pure vitrains and associated coals 95103262 lglesias, M. J. et al., Energy & Fuels, May-Jun. 1995, 9, (3), 458-466. Describes a semiquantitative analysis of the infrared spectra from 650 to 4000 cm” of six vitrains and the coals associated with three of them. The analysis supplies information on the concentration of several functionalities in the samples. Relationships between infrared data and several parameters (carbon content, vitrinite reflectance, pyrolysis data) are discussed.
Gaiena and sphaierite associated with coal seams 95103263 Swaine, D. J. Spec. Publ. Sot. Geol. Appl. Miner. Deposits, 1994, 10, 59-73. The paper describes occurrences of galena and sphalerite associated with coal seams.
Gas content of surrounding rock in bituminous 95103264 coal strata Kunz, E. Glue&auf-Forschungsh., 1994, 55, (4), 106-110. (In German) A distinction has to be made between free and adsorptively trapped gas content in the surrounding rock. To calculate the free gas content the gas porosity of the rock has to be measured on representative samples. The adsorptively trapped gas content of the surrounding rock can be measured according lo relevant operational guidelines, as it is for coal. The results can have application in prediction of gas outbursts in coal mines.
95103265 Geochemistry of arsenic and antimony in Bulgarian coals Eskenazy, G. M. Chem. Geol., 1995, 119, (l), 239-254. Describes how arsenic and Sb were quantified by instrumental neutron activation analysis in coals, coaly shales and partings from 14 Bulgarian coal deposits. The mean values of As and SB in the coal deposits were 259 and 0.2-16 ppm respectively. The subbituminous 19 and 4.1; and bituminous 37 and 1.1 ppm respectively.
influence and transformation of coal mineral matter 95103268 during hydrogenation Maldonado-Hodar, F. J. et al., Fuel, Jun. 1995, 74, (6), 818-822. Mineral matter of coals of different origin was analysed by several techniques (XRD, AAS and SEM-EDX) and mineral transformations durin coal hydrogenation under different experimenal conditions were studle2 . SEM-EDX provides more detailed information on the nature and distribution of these materials and their inorganic-organic relations, mainly revealed as the association of distinct cations (Ca, Fe, Mg, K, Al) with the acid groups of the coal. Fe, Ca and Al contents were determined by AAS and related to coal reactivity. The mineral matter acts as a catalyst for coal hydrogenation, mainly owing to its pyrite content, which has two effects: one as heterogeneous catalyst, the other giving rise to H,S which in turn can act as a homogeneous catalyst. 95103269 investigations into coal classification at separating size ranges
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1995
243