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03912 Flash pyrolysis of a coal-methanol slurry
09 Effect of agglomeration on pulverized-coal combustion $mpgl;ne, R. W. et al., Combustion & Flame, Apr. 1995, 101, (l),
95/03090
-
.
The effect of coal particle agglomeration during pulverized coal combustion is studied using a plug-flow model of a practical coal combustor. The model incorporates turbulent agglomeration, in addition to the combustion equations, to explore certain combustor and coal parameters that may be used for optimizing a chosen output parametric (e.g. burnout time). This routine has been used to develop relations describing the effects of turbulent aenlomeration on oulverized coal combustion as an aid in combustor desig& retrofitting. The results of this work indicate that, in agreement with general observations, agglomeration will have little impact on pulverized coal combustion in typical combustors. 95103899
Effect of char formation temperature on the denslflcatlon of a bltumlnous coal char durlng gaslflcatlon
Worm. B. A. et al.. Enerav & Fuels. Mav-Jun. 1995. 9. (3). 493-499. It has’been observed that some poro 6 carbon particles shrink when oxidized under kinetically limited condm%J ns, instead of reacting at constant diameter, as expected: This study was performed to determine whether or not char from PSOC 1451 coal prepared at different temperatures would also shrink during low-temperature gasification. Coal chars, formed at 1200 and 1600 K, were levitated in the electrodynamic balance and heated with a carbon dioxide laser. Results demonstrate that the time and temperature history of a char influence its behaviour during subsequent oxidation.
Effect of pH on tlme varlatlon of elutlon of toxic elements In fly ash from pulverjzed-coal combustors Uemiya,S. et al., Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994,20, (6), 865-871.(In 95103900
Japanese) Discusses a study of the elution of As, MO, Pb, V, Mg, and Ca from fly ash disposed from a commercial pulverized coal combustor.
Combustion (burners, combustion systems)
95103906
Environmental tests comparlng Kress Indirect dry cooling with conventional coke oven pushing and quenching
Vogel, C. A. and Ponder, W. H. Stud. Environ. Sci., 1994, 61, 397-407. The Kress Indirect Dry Cooling (KIDC) process which offers a technology that has the potential to reduce emissions from coke pushing and quenching at existing coke oven batteries is described.
Estlmatlon of pattlcle residence tlme In a flow model furnace for a rotatlo al entralned-bed coal gaslfler
95103907
Morihara, A. and Koyama, S. !? agaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994,20, (6), 813-819. (In Japanese) The gasification process consists of a two-stage process (i.e. combustion and gasification) in a one-chamber reactor. The development of a calculation method for particle residence time was important because of the residency time effects on the efficiency of gasification. The average particle residence time was calculated using the density profiles of particles in the outer gas, which were calculated by a particle motion equation assuming turbulent diffusion.
Experlmental determlnatlon of the equlvalent mass dlffuslvlty for a porous coal-ash particle
95/03908
Fu, W. B. and Zhang, B. L. Combustion & Flame, May 1995, 101, (3), 371-377. A method is presented for determining the equivalent mass diffusivity, D,, of air within a porous coal-ash particle by measuring the burnout time of the coal char particle. Because the measurement of the burnout time of a coal char particle is easy and accurate, the data of the equivalent mass diffusivities so obtained should be reliable. The experimental results show the measured vaue of D, decreases with increasing ash content, and a relationship between them is derived. Comparisons of calculated burning rates of the large char particles of high ash content with the corresponding experimental results show that the values of D, obtained by this approach are reasonable.
Experlmental lnvestlgatlon of deflagratlon to detonation transltlon In hydrocarbon-air gaseous mixtures
95103909
Effect of structural characterlstlcs of coals on processes during thelr pyrolysis‘
95103901
Rus’yanova, N. D. er al., Koks Khim., 1994, (lo), 2-6. (In Russian) Differences in the structural characterisics of coal, depending on genetic features and rank, substantially affect processes during pyroly& at heating rate 3-4 K/min and UD?o 800”. This structural effect is most 1 oronounced at the plastic stage of pyrolysis.
Effects of methanol-NaOH treatment of coal on tar and gas formation during pyrolysis
95103902
Boudou, J. P. et al., Fuel, Jun. 1995, 74, (6), 846852. Vitrain from a bituminous coal was modified by selective chemical reaction to reveal particular structural characteristics of the organic matter responsible for the change in conversion during solubilization by methanol-NaOH treatment (M treatment). The selective reactions were alkylating and non-alkylating reduction according to Sternberg, performic acid oxidation, thermal decarboxylation of the oxidized vitrain, LiAlH, reduction of the oxidized vitrain and 0-methylation of the residual hydroxyl groups. The products of M treatment were pyrolysed in a stream of helium at atmospheric pressure, and the volatile compounds were continuously detected by flame ionization or mass spectrometry. The changes in structure and reactivity during M treatment were assessed by comparing gas evolution during programmed pyrolysis of the M product.
Effects of oxygen on soot formatlon In methane, propane, and n-butane dlffuslon flames
95lO3903
Gulder, 0. L. Combustion & Flame, May 1995, 101, (3), 302-310. Overventilated coflow axisymmetric laminar diffusion flames of methane, propane, and n-butane were used to study the influence of oxygen addition to the fuel side on soot formation. The line-of-sight soot volume fractions and the visible flame profiles were measured as a function of axial location along the centrelines of pure fuel flames, and the flames in which the fuel was diluted either with oxygen or nitrogen at selected temperatures of the reactants, to maintain a constant adiabatic flame temperature. The relative influences of dilution and direct chemical interaction effects of oxygen in the fuel gas mixture were quantified. 95103904 Effects of the combustion temperature of coal partlcle on elemental volatlllty and golublllty from ash Kojima, T. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994, 20, (6), 872879. (In Japanese) Describes the combustion of granulated and carbonized coal with various ash contents, and the amounts of 27 elements, including trace elements, in the residual ash which were measured by inductively coupled plasmaatmospheric emission spectroscopy.
Emlsslon of nltrous oxlde from fluldlred bed coal 95103995 combustors and Its reductions Shimizo, T. Enerugi, Shigen, 1994, lJ, (6), 553-558. (In Japanese)
Smirnov, N. N. and Tyurnikov, M. V. Combustion & Flame, Mar. 1995, 100, (4) 661-668. The paper presents the results of investigatiog of deflagration to detonation transition in aas mixtures with exothermic chemical reaction usinn the experimental hethod of nonintrusive diagnostics of the process. Schfieren photochronography in the optical sections in different places of the tube is performed using the laser as a source of light.
Experlmental study of the oxldatlon of n-heptane In 95/03910 a jet stlrred reactor from low to hlgh temperature and pressures up to 40 atm
Dagaut, P. et al., Combustion & Flame, Apr. 1995, 101, (l), 132-140. Normal heptane oxidation in a high-pressure jet-stirred reactor has been investigated experimentally in a wide range of conditions covering the low- and high-temperature oxidation regimes (550-1150 K, l-40 atm, phi = 1). Reactants, intermediates, and final products have been measured in three different oxidation regimes, namely cool flame, negative temperature coefficient, and normal combustion. Concentration profiles of the major cyclic ethers formed at low temperature have been measured. The evolution of the transition from low to high temperature oxidation regime as a function of pressure was observed showing the quasi-disappearance of the negative temperature coefficient at 40 atm. The results are interpreted in terms of reaction mechanism.
95103911
Flame propagatlon In metal slurry sprays
Bhatia, R. and Sirignano, W. A. Combustion & F!ame, Mar. 1995, 100, (4), 605-620. An analytical and computational study of vaporizing and burning liquid hydrocarbon-metal slurry droplet streams injected into a hot gas is presented. The objective is to investigate the mass and energy interactions between the slurry droplet streams and the gas flow. An idealized configuration consisting of parallel droplet streams is used.
Flash pyrolysls of a coal-methanol slurry 95103912 Miura, K. et al., Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994, 20, (6), 926-933. (In Japanese) Reports that flash pyrolysis of coal-solven;slurry was proposed as a means to realize increased yields of total volatiles and tar and to selectively increase yields of benzene, toluene, and xylene, both under industrial conditions. Fluldlred bed reactor for lnclneratlng fuels which 95103913 are dlfflcult to burn Berezowski, R. et al., (Assigned to) DRb Incinerarors Inc., CAN Pat. CA.2,093,572, Oct. 1994.
95103914 coke ovens Dumay, D. (In French)
Formatlon and reduction of carbon deposlts In
et al., Rev. MeralUCah. Inj Tech., 1994, 91, (7), 1109-1116.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 1995 279
95/03090
-
.
The effect of coal particle agglomeration during pulverized coal combustion is studied using a plug-flow model of a practical coal combustor. The model incorporates turbulent agglomeration, in addition to the combustion equations, to explore certain combustor and coal parameters that may be used for optimizing a chosen output parametric (e.g. burnout time). This routine has been used to develop relations describing the effects of turbulent aenlomeration on oulverized coal combustion as an aid in combustor desig& retrofitting. The results of this work indicate that, in agreement with general observations, agglomeration will have little impact on pulverized coal combustion in typical combustors. 95103899
Effect of char formation temperature on the denslflcatlon of a bltumlnous coal char durlng gaslflcatlon
Worm. B. A. et al.. Enerav & Fuels. Mav-Jun. 1995. 9. (3). 493-499. It has’been observed that some poro 6 carbon particles shrink when oxidized under kinetically limited condm%J ns, instead of reacting at constant diameter, as expected: This study was performed to determine whether or not char from PSOC 1451 coal prepared at different temperatures would also shrink during low-temperature gasification. Coal chars, formed at 1200 and 1600 K, were levitated in the electrodynamic balance and heated with a carbon dioxide laser. Results demonstrate that the time and temperature history of a char influence its behaviour during subsequent oxidation.
Effect of pH on tlme varlatlon of elutlon of toxic elements In fly ash from pulverjzed-coal combustors Uemiya,S. et al., Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994,20, (6), 865-871.(In 95103900
Japanese) Discusses a study of the elution of As, MO, Pb, V, Mg, and Ca from fly ash disposed from a commercial pulverized coal combustor.
Combustion (burners, combustion systems)
95103906
Environmental tests comparlng Kress Indirect dry cooling with conventional coke oven pushing and quenching
Vogel, C. A. and Ponder, W. H. Stud. Environ. Sci., 1994, 61, 397-407. The Kress Indirect Dry Cooling (KIDC) process which offers a technology that has the potential to reduce emissions from coke pushing and quenching at existing coke oven batteries is described.
Estlmatlon of pattlcle residence tlme In a flow model furnace for a rotatlo al entralned-bed coal gaslfler
95103907
Morihara, A. and Koyama, S. !? agaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994,20, (6), 813-819. (In Japanese) The gasification process consists of a two-stage process (i.e. combustion and gasification) in a one-chamber reactor. The development of a calculation method for particle residence time was important because of the residency time effects on the efficiency of gasification. The average particle residence time was calculated using the density profiles of particles in the outer gas, which were calculated by a particle motion equation assuming turbulent diffusion.
Experlmental determlnatlon of the equlvalent mass dlffuslvlty for a porous coal-ash particle
95/03908
Fu, W. B. and Zhang, B. L. Combustion & Flame, May 1995, 101, (3), 371-377. A method is presented for determining the equivalent mass diffusivity, D,, of air within a porous coal-ash particle by measuring the burnout time of the coal char particle. Because the measurement of the burnout time of a coal char particle is easy and accurate, the data of the equivalent mass diffusivities so obtained should be reliable. The experimental results show the measured vaue of D, decreases with increasing ash content, and a relationship between them is derived. Comparisons of calculated burning rates of the large char particles of high ash content with the corresponding experimental results show that the values of D, obtained by this approach are reasonable.
Experlmental lnvestlgatlon of deflagratlon to detonation transltlon In hydrocarbon-air gaseous mixtures
95103909
Effect of structural characterlstlcs of coals on processes during thelr pyrolysis‘
95103901
Rus’yanova, N. D. er al., Koks Khim., 1994, (lo), 2-6. (In Russian) Differences in the structural characterisics of coal, depending on genetic features and rank, substantially affect processes during pyroly& at heating rate 3-4 K/min and UD?o 800”. This structural effect is most 1 oronounced at the plastic stage of pyrolysis.
Effects of methanol-NaOH treatment of coal on tar and gas formation during pyrolysis
95103902
Boudou, J. P. et al., Fuel, Jun. 1995, 74, (6), 846852. Vitrain from a bituminous coal was modified by selective chemical reaction to reveal particular structural characteristics of the organic matter responsible for the change in conversion during solubilization by methanol-NaOH treatment (M treatment). The selective reactions were alkylating and non-alkylating reduction according to Sternberg, performic acid oxidation, thermal decarboxylation of the oxidized vitrain, LiAlH, reduction of the oxidized vitrain and 0-methylation of the residual hydroxyl groups. The products of M treatment were pyrolysed in a stream of helium at atmospheric pressure, and the volatile compounds were continuously detected by flame ionization or mass spectrometry. The changes in structure and reactivity during M treatment were assessed by comparing gas evolution during programmed pyrolysis of the M product.
Effects of oxygen on soot formatlon In methane, propane, and n-butane dlffuslon flames
95lO3903
Gulder, 0. L. Combustion & Flame, May 1995, 101, (3), 302-310. Overventilated coflow axisymmetric laminar diffusion flames of methane, propane, and n-butane were used to study the influence of oxygen addition to the fuel side on soot formation. The line-of-sight soot volume fractions and the visible flame profiles were measured as a function of axial location along the centrelines of pure fuel flames, and the flames in which the fuel was diluted either with oxygen or nitrogen at selected temperatures of the reactants, to maintain a constant adiabatic flame temperature. The relative influences of dilution and direct chemical interaction effects of oxygen in the fuel gas mixture were quantified. 95103904 Effects of the combustion temperature of coal partlcle on elemental volatlllty and golublllty from ash Kojima, T. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994, 20, (6), 872879. (In Japanese) Describes the combustion of granulated and carbonized coal with various ash contents, and the amounts of 27 elements, including trace elements, in the residual ash which were measured by inductively coupled plasmaatmospheric emission spectroscopy.
Emlsslon of nltrous oxlde from fluldlred bed coal 95103995 combustors and Its reductions Shimizo, T. Enerugi, Shigen, 1994, lJ, (6), 553-558. (In Japanese)
Smirnov, N. N. and Tyurnikov, M. V. Combustion & Flame, Mar. 1995, 100, (4) 661-668. The paper presents the results of investigatiog of deflagration to detonation transition in aas mixtures with exothermic chemical reaction usinn the experimental hethod of nonintrusive diagnostics of the process. Schfieren photochronography in the optical sections in different places of the tube is performed using the laser as a source of light.
Experlmental study of the oxldatlon of n-heptane In 95/03910 a jet stlrred reactor from low to hlgh temperature and pressures up to 40 atm
Dagaut, P. et al., Combustion & Flame, Apr. 1995, 101, (l), 132-140. Normal heptane oxidation in a high-pressure jet-stirred reactor has been investigated experimentally in a wide range of conditions covering the low- and high-temperature oxidation regimes (550-1150 K, l-40 atm, phi = 1). Reactants, intermediates, and final products have been measured in three different oxidation regimes, namely cool flame, negative temperature coefficient, and normal combustion. Concentration profiles of the major cyclic ethers formed at low temperature have been measured. The evolution of the transition from low to high temperature oxidation regime as a function of pressure was observed showing the quasi-disappearance of the negative temperature coefficient at 40 atm. The results are interpreted in terms of reaction mechanism.
95103911
Flame propagatlon In metal slurry sprays
Bhatia, R. and Sirignano, W. A. Combustion & F!ame, Mar. 1995, 100, (4), 605-620. An analytical and computational study of vaporizing and burning liquid hydrocarbon-metal slurry droplet streams injected into a hot gas is presented. The objective is to investigate the mass and energy interactions between the slurry droplet streams and the gas flow. An idealized configuration consisting of parallel droplet streams is used.
Flash pyrolysls of a coal-methanol slurry 95103912 Miura, K. et al., Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994, 20, (6), 926-933. (In Japanese) Reports that flash pyrolysis of coal-solven;slurry was proposed as a means to realize increased yields of total volatiles and tar and to selectively increase yields of benzene, toluene, and xylene, both under industrial conditions. Fluldlred bed reactor for lnclneratlng fuels which 95103913 are dlfflcult to burn Berezowski, R. et al., (Assigned to) DRb Incinerarors Inc., CAN Pat. CA.2,093,572, Oct. 1994.
95103914 coke ovens Dumay, D. (In French)
Formatlon and reduction of carbon deposlts In
et al., Rev. MeralUCah. Inj Tech., 1994, 91, (7), 1109-1116.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 1995 279