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04200 Metal capture by sorbents in combustion processes
15
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
Metal
95/04200
capture
by
safety)
sorbents
In
combustion
New models of pollution prevention technical
95/04200
processes
assistance
Scotto, M. V. et al., Fuel Process Technol., 1994, 39, (l), 351-312. Use of sorbents to control trace metal emissions from combustion processes was investigated, and the underlying mechanisms governing the interactions between trace metals and sorbents, were explored. Emphasis was on mechanisms in which the metal vapour was reactively scavenged by simple commercial sorbents, to form water unleachable products, which are easy to collect and isolate from the environment. Results are given from two different scales of experimentation, involving a bench scale thermo-gravimetric reactor and a 17kW down-fired laboratory combustor, respectively. The results from the bench scale tests showed that lead and cadmium vaporized from the chloride salt, could be reactively captured at temperatures above the dew point. Both kaolinite and bauxite were effective sorbents for lead, while bauxite but not kaolinite was effective for cadmium.
Atkinson, R. D. J. Cleaner Prod., 1994, 2, (2), 101-106. In the last 5 years, local, state and federal governments in the USA have made increased efforts to help small and medium-sized manufacturers solve environmental problems, particularly through pollution prevention. While these programmes provide useful services to firms, they have significant limitations, including their small size, the inhibiting effects of their close ties to regulatory agencies, and their lack of integration with manufacturing technical assistance programmes. The paper proposes a new model for pollution prevention technical assistance. These new approaches rely in large part on integrating the mission of pollution prevention into a variety of industry-based organizations. Widespread adoption of these approaches by these organizations could significantly improve the ability of small and medium-stzed firms to prevent pollution.
NO reduction by activated carbons. 5. Catalytic
95104209
Method for desulfurization of flue gases from fluidlzed-bed coal-firing boilers
95/04201
Yamamoto, K. (Assigned to) Sumitomo Heavy Industries, JAP. Pat. JP.O6,272,849, Sep. 1994. The process is carried out by fluidizing coal and CaCO, in the boilers, and sending the flue gases from the boilers to a regenerable dry-desulphurization means, regenerating the desulphurization with gases, contacting the gases recovered from the regeneration with coal ashes from the boilers to clean the recovered gases.
effect of iron Illan-Gomez, M. J. et al., Energy & Fuels, May-Jun. 1995, 9, (3), 540-548. The effect of iron as catalyst of the NO-carbon reaction has been investigated. A coal-derived carbon was loaded with iron using different methods and different precursors. A brief exploratory study was also conducted with pitch-derived carbon fibres.
Non-fossil-fuel fine-particle organic carbon aerosols in Southern California determined during the Los Angeles Aerosol Characterization and Source Aooortlonment Studv
95104210
Mlneslte videography potential 95/04202 Queensland Government Min. J., May 1995, 96, 38-39. Reports that videoing mine sites from the air is a growing technology which has huge potential for assessing and monitoring the success of mine site rehabilitation programmes, according to a Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Exploration and Mining research scientist. Modeling selenite sorption in reclaimed coal mine soil materials
95/04203 Blaylock,
M. J. er al.,
95/04204
Soil Sci., 1995, 159, (l), 43-48.
Modern filtration
technologies
-
hyperbaric
filtration Haintz, J. and Jeindl, F. Berg-Huettenmaenn. Monatsh, 1994, 139, (2), 35-40. (In German) Presents the design, principles, and operation of hyperbaric filters;together with selected applications from industrial high-performance dewatertng of mining sludges such as ore sludge concentractions, coal slurries, and Cu or Pb concentrations.
95/04205
Modified coal adsorbents for arsenic removal from
wastewater Pokonova, Y. V. and Grabovskij, A. I. Tsvetn. Met (Moscow), 1994, (7), 25-27. (In Russian) Describes how adsorbents were prepared from a raw material containing fossil coal particles, petroleum asphaltites, and asphaltite semicoke and polycondensates, and their sorption effectiveness for removing As from wastewater was studied as a function of the composition and porous structure.
New acoustic regulations and building services 95104206 Promoclim, Feb. 1995, (l), 48-52. (In French) Discusses the latest regulations and standards to be issued in France dealing with acoustics and building services equipment for domestic and nondomestic buildings. 95/04207
New directions for financing global environmental
change Pearce, D. Global Environmental Change, Mar. 1995, 5, (l), 27-40. The international environmental agreements negotiated in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 provide some hope for reducing the rate of global warming and saving the world’s biological diversity. But it is clear that the North will vote only limited funds to facilitate the working of the Conventions, perhaps US$2 billion over the coming three years. Against the scale of the problems this is an inadequate sum. However, there are o portunities for tapping into other sources of funds, and for using offici a! transfers as a lever for yet other funds. Additionally, enormous scope exists for reducing global environmental problems through the adoption of more sensible economic policies. The deployment of imaginative policies to ‘capture’ environmental value can make a substantial difference to the global environment.
296
Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 1995
Kaplan, I. R. and Gordon, 343-359.
R. J.
Aerosol S’ci. Technol., 1994, 2i, (4),
95104211
NO, emission modelling using the iteratively reweighted least-square procedures
Mbamalu, G. A. er al., Elect. Power & Energy Systems, 1995, 17, (2), 129-136. NO, emission dispatching is a method to reduce the amount of oxide of nitrogen produced by thermal generating units to meet given power demands. This requires adequate models relating NO.X emissions to the active power generation of the unit. Least-squares esttmation procedures work best when measurement errors are Gaussian. For non-Gaussian errors and Gaussian errors, the iteratively reweighted least-squares (IRWLS) procedure with optimized weight functions-and their associated weight constants can be used to estimate, refine and fine tune parameters of identified models. The form of the emissions model is restricted to those with monotonically increasing derivatives due to subsequent minimization process requirements. The authors explore the application of some transformations to the form of mode1 chosen. Moreover, emission models are developed using the IRWLS procedure.
95104212
On peculiarities of coal dust ignition in incident
shock waves Boiko, V. M. et al., Arch. Combusr., 1994, 13, (3), 247-252. The paper discusses the results of experimental investigation of ignition delays for coal dusts in reflected and incident shock waves, and a physical model of gas heating under nonstationary interaction of supersonic flow with a cloud of dispersed phase is suggested.
ww;3
Outbreaks of carbon monoxide poisoning in
Baris, B. et al., Indoor Environ., 1994, 3, (3), 156-158. Discusses how carbon monoxide poisoning in.the home is a frequent health nrobiem during winter months in Ankara, and in 1992, 277 cases of acute CO intoxicati& were recorded. The sources of ooisoninn were mainlv from bucket coal stoves and water heaters. A study *was car&d out in order to find the exact mechanism of high indoor CO poisoning. It was found that the most important cause of CO poisoning, resulting from the use of bucket coal stoves, was malfunctioning of chimneys due to blockage with tar, cement or bricks. On the other hat& water heaters produced problems when they were fixed in a small bathroom without ventilation holes and malfunctioned. due to lack of maintenance.
Oxychlorinatlon and combustion of pro ene on fly ash. Formation of chlorinated benzenes, dlbenzod Poxlnes and mono- and dlbenzofurans
95104214
Jarmohamed, W. and Mulder, P. Chemosphere, 1994,29, (9), 1911-1917. The paper investigates the heterogeneous gas phase reactions of propene on fly ash in the presence of HCl and air between 300-580”. Under mild conditions, only the formation of polychlorinated C,, C, and C, species takes place. At the high temperature end of this study, substantial amounts of polychlorinated - benzenes, dibenzodioxinesand monoand dibenzofurans were observed.
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
Metal
95/04200
capture
by
safety)
sorbents
In
combustion
New models of pollution prevention technical
95/04200
processes
assistance
Scotto, M. V. et al., Fuel Process Technol., 1994, 39, (l), 351-312. Use of sorbents to control trace metal emissions from combustion processes was investigated, and the underlying mechanisms governing the interactions between trace metals and sorbents, were explored. Emphasis was on mechanisms in which the metal vapour was reactively scavenged by simple commercial sorbents, to form water unleachable products, which are easy to collect and isolate from the environment. Results are given from two different scales of experimentation, involving a bench scale thermo-gravimetric reactor and a 17kW down-fired laboratory combustor, respectively. The results from the bench scale tests showed that lead and cadmium vaporized from the chloride salt, could be reactively captured at temperatures above the dew point. Both kaolinite and bauxite were effective sorbents for lead, while bauxite but not kaolinite was effective for cadmium.
Atkinson, R. D. J. Cleaner Prod., 1994, 2, (2), 101-106. In the last 5 years, local, state and federal governments in the USA have made increased efforts to help small and medium-sized manufacturers solve environmental problems, particularly through pollution prevention. While these programmes provide useful services to firms, they have significant limitations, including their small size, the inhibiting effects of their close ties to regulatory agencies, and their lack of integration with manufacturing technical assistance programmes. The paper proposes a new model for pollution prevention technical assistance. These new approaches rely in large part on integrating the mission of pollution prevention into a variety of industry-based organizations. Widespread adoption of these approaches by these organizations could significantly improve the ability of small and medium-stzed firms to prevent pollution.
NO reduction by activated carbons. 5. Catalytic
95104209
Method for desulfurization of flue gases from fluidlzed-bed coal-firing boilers
95/04201
Yamamoto, K. (Assigned to) Sumitomo Heavy Industries, JAP. Pat. JP.O6,272,849, Sep. 1994. The process is carried out by fluidizing coal and CaCO, in the boilers, and sending the flue gases from the boilers to a regenerable dry-desulphurization means, regenerating the desulphurization with gases, contacting the gases recovered from the regeneration with coal ashes from the boilers to clean the recovered gases.
effect of iron Illan-Gomez, M. J. et al., Energy & Fuels, May-Jun. 1995, 9, (3), 540-548. The effect of iron as catalyst of the NO-carbon reaction has been investigated. A coal-derived carbon was loaded with iron using different methods and different precursors. A brief exploratory study was also conducted with pitch-derived carbon fibres.
Non-fossil-fuel fine-particle organic carbon aerosols in Southern California determined during the Los Angeles Aerosol Characterization and Source Aooortlonment Studv
95104210
Mlneslte videography potential 95/04202 Queensland Government Min. J., May 1995, 96, 38-39. Reports that videoing mine sites from the air is a growing technology which has huge potential for assessing and monitoring the success of mine site rehabilitation programmes, according to a Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Exploration and Mining research scientist. Modeling selenite sorption in reclaimed coal mine soil materials
95/04203 Blaylock,
M. J. er al.,
95/04204
Soil Sci., 1995, 159, (l), 43-48.
Modern filtration
technologies
-
hyperbaric
filtration Haintz, J. and Jeindl, F. Berg-Huettenmaenn. Monatsh, 1994, 139, (2), 35-40. (In German) Presents the design, principles, and operation of hyperbaric filters;together with selected applications from industrial high-performance dewatertng of mining sludges such as ore sludge concentractions, coal slurries, and Cu or Pb concentrations.
95/04205
Modified coal adsorbents for arsenic removal from
wastewater Pokonova, Y. V. and Grabovskij, A. I. Tsvetn. Met (Moscow), 1994, (7), 25-27. (In Russian) Describes how adsorbents were prepared from a raw material containing fossil coal particles, petroleum asphaltites, and asphaltite semicoke and polycondensates, and their sorption effectiveness for removing As from wastewater was studied as a function of the composition and porous structure.
New acoustic regulations and building services 95104206 Promoclim, Feb. 1995, (l), 48-52. (In French) Discusses the latest regulations and standards to be issued in France dealing with acoustics and building services equipment for domestic and nondomestic buildings. 95/04207
New directions for financing global environmental
change Pearce, D. Global Environmental Change, Mar. 1995, 5, (l), 27-40. The international environmental agreements negotiated in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 provide some hope for reducing the rate of global warming and saving the world’s biological diversity. But it is clear that the North will vote only limited funds to facilitate the working of the Conventions, perhaps US$2 billion over the coming three years. Against the scale of the problems this is an inadequate sum. However, there are o portunities for tapping into other sources of funds, and for using offici a! transfers as a lever for yet other funds. Additionally, enormous scope exists for reducing global environmental problems through the adoption of more sensible economic policies. The deployment of imaginative policies to ‘capture’ environmental value can make a substantial difference to the global environment.
296
Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 1995
Kaplan, I. R. and Gordon, 343-359.
R. J.
Aerosol S’ci. Technol., 1994, 2i, (4),
95104211
NO, emission modelling using the iteratively reweighted least-square procedures
Mbamalu, G. A. er al., Elect. Power & Energy Systems, 1995, 17, (2), 129-136. NO, emission dispatching is a method to reduce the amount of oxide of nitrogen produced by thermal generating units to meet given power demands. This requires adequate models relating NO.X emissions to the active power generation of the unit. Least-squares esttmation procedures work best when measurement errors are Gaussian. For non-Gaussian errors and Gaussian errors, the iteratively reweighted least-squares (IRWLS) procedure with optimized weight functions-and their associated weight constants can be used to estimate, refine and fine tune parameters of identified models. The form of the emissions model is restricted to those with monotonically increasing derivatives due to subsequent minimization process requirements. The authors explore the application of some transformations to the form of mode1 chosen. Moreover, emission models are developed using the IRWLS procedure.
95104212
On peculiarities of coal dust ignition in incident
shock waves Boiko, V. M. et al., Arch. Combusr., 1994, 13, (3), 247-252. The paper discusses the results of experimental investigation of ignition delays for coal dusts in reflected and incident shock waves, and a physical model of gas heating under nonstationary interaction of supersonic flow with a cloud of dispersed phase is suggested.
ww;3
Outbreaks of carbon monoxide poisoning in
Baris, B. et al., Indoor Environ., 1994, 3, (3), 156-158. Discusses how carbon monoxide poisoning in.the home is a frequent health nrobiem during winter months in Ankara, and in 1992, 277 cases of acute CO intoxicati& were recorded. The sources of ooisoninn were mainlv from bucket coal stoves and water heaters. A study *was car&d out in order to find the exact mechanism of high indoor CO poisoning. It was found that the most important cause of CO poisoning, resulting from the use of bucket coal stoves, was malfunctioning of chimneys due to blockage with tar, cement or bricks. On the other hat& water heaters produced problems when they were fixed in a small bathroom without ventilation holes and malfunctioned. due to lack of maintenance.
Oxychlorinatlon and combustion of pro ene on fly ash. Formation of chlorinated benzenes, dlbenzod Poxlnes and mono- and dlbenzofurans
95104214
Jarmohamed, W. and Mulder, P. Chemosphere, 1994,29, (9), 1911-1917. The paper investigates the heterogeneous gas phase reactions of propene on fly ash in the presence of HCl and air between 300-580”. Under mild conditions, only the formation of polychlorinated C,, C, and C, species takes place. At the high temperature end of this study, substantial amounts of polychlorinated - benzenes, dibenzodioxinesand monoand dibenzofurans were observed.