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04396 Urban household energy use patterns in Nigeria
18
Energy conversion
and recycling
Urban household energy use patterns In Nigeria 95/04396 Adegbulugbe, A. 0. and Akinbami, J. F. Natural Resources Forum, May 1995, 19, (2) 125-133. Urban household energy use accounts for a large proportion of commercial fuel consumption in Nigeria. As population and urbanization increase, consumption is expected to rise rapidly in the future. It is therefore important to have information on the utilization pattern and factors driving consumption of urban household energy. Such information will be useful within the national energy planning framework for deriving strategies for a more rational energy utilization and increased reliability of energy supply to the urban household. In this paper, the major results from an urban household survey are presented. In the survey, data on various factors including energy consumption by income group, fuel preferences, sources and reliability of energy supply, and expenditure on energy are collected and analysed. Major conclusions are drawn on the possibilities for fuel supply/demand balance. 95104397 World Index of resources and population Hargreaves, D. et al., Dartmouth Publishing Co., Gower House, Croft Road Aldershot, Hants, GUI1 3HR, UK, f98.50, 1994, 417 pp. The book analyses trends in po ulation and related resource demand globally and regionally for 1991- 4 025. Discusses the effects of changes in politics, economics and prices of all the important mineral commodities (particularly in the energy sector), and shows how these translate into the fortunes of countries and companies.
18 ENERGY CONVERSION RECYCLING
AND
Commercial boiler emissions 95104396 Teekaram, A. J. and Brown, R. G. BSRIA Final Report No.77520/1, BSRIA, Old Bracknell Lane West, Bracknell, Berkshire, RGl2 7AH, UK, f500.00, Nov. 1994, 137~~. The report contains the results of a series of tests carried out to determine the flue gas emissions NO,, CO, and CO from a range of commercial gas and oil fired central heatmg boilers i.e. hot water boilers with outputs between 50kW and 1MW. The study was carried out due to the impending European standards and legislation to limit the emissions of NO, and CO from all types of gas and oil fired combustion plant, and forms an integral part of BSRIA’s emissions research programme supported by the Department of the Environment. Controlling energy consumption - Spending your time below the line
95104399
McKinney, P. Mine & Quarry, Mar. 1995, 24, (3). 26-27. Reports that Northern Ireland could reduce its mdustrial energy usage by over one-fifth if industry adopted a policy of improving its energy efficiency. That is the finding of a recent survey which was commissioned by the Energy Efficiency Office and the Energy Efficiency Service, Northern Ireland.
Dynamic energy storage in the building fabric 95/044tJo Barnard, N. BSRIA Technical Note TNl94, f25.00, BSRM, Old Bracknell Lane West, Bracknell, Berkshire RGl2 7AH, UK, 1994, 97pp. Reports that building fabric can be used as a medium for storing cooling and heating energy. Presents a document based on the results of a sponsored research project conducted to provide published guidance for systems utilising fabric energy storage in conjunction with mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems. Includes both site monitoring and simulation modelling.
306
Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 1995
Envlronmental protectlon and waste mlnlmlzatlon: A case study
95lO4401
Kavanagh, J. et al., J. Cleaner Prod., 1994, 2, (2), 91-94. Environmental protection forms an important part of the design and operation of modern pharmaceutical facilities. The paper describes the approach taken at Sandoz’ state of the art facility at Ringaskiddy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
lnternatlonal Workshop on Daylight In Buildings 95lO4402 Isaacs, N. Solar Progress, Autumn 1995, 16, (l), p. 38. A report on the International Meeting on Daylighting, held at the Department of Architectural and Design Science, University of Sydney, 18-19 November 1994. Laboratory studies on the culture of the brine shrimp ArfemO using organic wastes
95/04403
Basil, J. A. et al., Bioresource Technol., 1995, 51, (2), 265-267. The most critical challenge of the day is to produce more food with the least possible utilization of energy and resources. In India, both man and cattle produce large quantities of organic wastes of various origins. Though rice bran is being widely used as a feed in Artemia (brine shrimp) culture, the developing countries cannot use it for this purpose, since this would compete with animal husbandry. The real success in mass culture of Artemia lies in the identificatio of a good but cheap substitute feed. Hence, the present study was undertaken to utilize agricultural wastes, as well as organic domestic wastes, with suitable salinity conditions for the mass production of different strains of Arfemia. 95lQ4404
Volatile fatty acids production by meaophilic fermentaiton of mechanically-sorted urban organic wastes In a plug-flow reactor
Sans, C. et al., Bioresource Technol., 1995, 51, (l), 89-96. Every year the disposal of municipal solid wastes (MSW) creates serious environmental and economic problems especially in Western countries. These problems, together with price increases and supply disturbances affecting petroleum products and natural gas, have led to research into alternative fuel sources. Furthermore, in the develo /? ed countries the trend is to divert a large part of refuse away from land III, whtch ts the widespread disposal method employed at present. One of the biotechnologies recently developed to utilize the organic fraction of MSW (OFMSW) for useful energy and materials recovery is anaerobic digestion. Materials recovered could include valuable products, such as volatile fatty acids (VFA). The objectives of this work were focused on the study of producting VFA from the OFMSW using a pilot-scale, tubular reactor, under mesophilic conditions.
Energy conversion
and recycling
Urban household energy use patterns In Nigeria 95/04396 Adegbulugbe, A. 0. and Akinbami, J. F. Natural Resources Forum, May 1995, 19, (2) 125-133. Urban household energy use accounts for a large proportion of commercial fuel consumption in Nigeria. As population and urbanization increase, consumption is expected to rise rapidly in the future. It is therefore important to have information on the utilization pattern and factors driving consumption of urban household energy. Such information will be useful within the national energy planning framework for deriving strategies for a more rational energy utilization and increased reliability of energy supply to the urban household. In this paper, the major results from an urban household survey are presented. In the survey, data on various factors including energy consumption by income group, fuel preferences, sources and reliability of energy supply, and expenditure on energy are collected and analysed. Major conclusions are drawn on the possibilities for fuel supply/demand balance. 95104397 World Index of resources and population Hargreaves, D. et al., Dartmouth Publishing Co., Gower House, Croft Road Aldershot, Hants, GUI1 3HR, UK, f98.50, 1994, 417 pp. The book analyses trends in po ulation and related resource demand globally and regionally for 1991- 4 025. Discusses the effects of changes in politics, economics and prices of all the important mineral commodities (particularly in the energy sector), and shows how these translate into the fortunes of countries and companies.
18 ENERGY CONVERSION RECYCLING
AND
Commercial boiler emissions 95104396 Teekaram, A. J. and Brown, R. G. BSRIA Final Report No.77520/1, BSRIA, Old Bracknell Lane West, Bracknell, Berkshire, RGl2 7AH, UK, f500.00, Nov. 1994, 137~~. The report contains the results of a series of tests carried out to determine the flue gas emissions NO,, CO, and CO from a range of commercial gas and oil fired central heatmg boilers i.e. hot water boilers with outputs between 50kW and 1MW. The study was carried out due to the impending European standards and legislation to limit the emissions of NO, and CO from all types of gas and oil fired combustion plant, and forms an integral part of BSRIA’s emissions research programme supported by the Department of the Environment. Controlling energy consumption - Spending your time below the line
95104399
McKinney, P. Mine & Quarry, Mar. 1995, 24, (3). 26-27. Reports that Northern Ireland could reduce its mdustrial energy usage by over one-fifth if industry adopted a policy of improving its energy efficiency. That is the finding of a recent survey which was commissioned by the Energy Efficiency Office and the Energy Efficiency Service, Northern Ireland.
Dynamic energy storage in the building fabric 95/044tJo Barnard, N. BSRIA Technical Note TNl94, f25.00, BSRM, Old Bracknell Lane West, Bracknell, Berkshire RGl2 7AH, UK, 1994, 97pp. Reports that building fabric can be used as a medium for storing cooling and heating energy. Presents a document based on the results of a sponsored research project conducted to provide published guidance for systems utilising fabric energy storage in conjunction with mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems. Includes both site monitoring and simulation modelling.
306
Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 1995
Envlronmental protectlon and waste mlnlmlzatlon: A case study
95lO4401
Kavanagh, J. et al., J. Cleaner Prod., 1994, 2, (2), 91-94. Environmental protection forms an important part of the design and operation of modern pharmaceutical facilities. The paper describes the approach taken at Sandoz’ state of the art facility at Ringaskiddy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
lnternatlonal Workshop on Daylight In Buildings 95lO4402 Isaacs, N. Solar Progress, Autumn 1995, 16, (l), p. 38. A report on the International Meeting on Daylighting, held at the Department of Architectural and Design Science, University of Sydney, 18-19 November 1994. Laboratory studies on the culture of the brine shrimp ArfemO using organic wastes
95/04403
Basil, J. A. et al., Bioresource Technol., 1995, 51, (2), 265-267. The most critical challenge of the day is to produce more food with the least possible utilization of energy and resources. In India, both man and cattle produce large quantities of organic wastes of various origins. Though rice bran is being widely used as a feed in Artemia (brine shrimp) culture, the developing countries cannot use it for this purpose, since this would compete with animal husbandry. The real success in mass culture of Artemia lies in the identificatio of a good but cheap substitute feed. Hence, the present study was undertaken to utilize agricultural wastes, as well as organic domestic wastes, with suitable salinity conditions for the mass production of different strains of Arfemia. 95lQ4404
Volatile fatty acids production by meaophilic fermentaiton of mechanically-sorted urban organic wastes In a plug-flow reactor
Sans, C. et al., Bioresource Technol., 1995, 51, (l), 89-96. Every year the disposal of municipal solid wastes (MSW) creates serious environmental and economic problems especially in Western countries. These problems, together with price increases and supply disturbances affecting petroleum products and natural gas, have led to research into alternative fuel sources. Furthermore, in the develo /? ed countries the trend is to divert a large part of refuse away from land III, whtch ts the widespread disposal method employed at present. One of the biotechnologies recently developed to utilize the organic fraction of MSW (OFMSW) for useful energy and materials recovery is anaerobic digestion. Materials recovered could include valuable products, such as volatile fatty acids (VFA). The objectives of this work were focused on the study of producting VFA from the OFMSW using a pilot-scale, tubular reactor, under mesophilic conditions.