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05034 Observation of nonuniform shrinkage and activation of highly porous chars during combustion in an improved electrodynamic chamber
OQ Combustion (burners, combustion systems) 95105029 Moessbauer a ectroscoplc rtudles on the tranatormatlons of iron-bearing ml/nerals during combuotlon of coals: Correlatlona wlth fouling and slagging Ram, L. C. et a& Fuel Process Technd, 1995, 42, (l), 47-60. The results of Moessbauer spectrosco ic investigations of the transformations of different iron-bearing mineraPs were reported for Indian coals of different geological origin with varying mineral contents during ashing and pulverized combustion. The iron-bearing minerals characterized in the coals included Fe*‘-illite (Lodna, Jammu, and Singareni coals), pyrite (Jammu and Singareni coals, the latter in association with marcasite), siderite (Lodna coal), ankerite (Singareni coal), and szomolnokite (Jammu coal). QSlO5Q30 90 MWth industrial FSC-boiler Verhoeff, F. and Holtzer, G. J. Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 22, 387-455. Describes the development, construction, and operation of a 90-MW industrial fluid&d-bed coal-fIred boiler, developed by AKZO Salt ana Basic Chemicals for power and heat generation at the Hengelo, The Netherlands location. 95105031 Natural gar ?? ppllcatlons In household waste lnclneratlon JFo$nrlt, J. C. GA2 d’aujourd’hui, May 1995, 119, (5). 241-245. (In The natural gas techniques used in household waste incineration plants such as those involving auxiliary burners, slag and fly ash vitrification methods or allowing maximum energy recovery, help reduce pollutant emissions and eliminate (by blanketing) final waste products. The article discusses all present aspects and future prospects for these techniques. 95105032 Nonpremlxed turbulent reacting flow near extlnctlon Lee, Y. Y. and Pope, S. B. Combuslion & Flame, Jun. 1995, 101, (4), ml-528.
Q5lQ5038 Process for the productlon of llquld fuel, gaseous fuel. coke and active coal Si$a, K. et al., (Assigned to) Valdon Tebdllinen Tutkimuskes~, PCT
Inr. WO.94,24,228, Oct. 1994. The process relates to the preparation of liquid fuel, gaseous fuel, coke
and/or active carbon by a continuous process. 95105039 Propagatlon and extlnctlon of forced opposed flow smolder waves Schult, D. A. d aL, Combustion & Flame, Jun. 1995, 101, (4), 471-490. Smoldering is a slow combustion process in a porous medium in which heat is released by oxidation of the solid. If the material is sufficiently porous to allow the oxidizer to easily filter through the pores, a smolder wave can propagate through the interior of the sold. The authors consider samples closed to the surrounding environment except at the ends, with gas forced into the sample through one of the ends. A smolder wave is initiated at the other end and propagates in a direction opposite to the flow of the oxidizer. Previous exoenmental results show that for flow smol~-~ oonosed -rr---- ~~-.der, decomposition oPthe solid fuel into char is the chemical process which drives the smolder process. The authors model this decomposition as a one step reaction. The model suggests that extinction occurs when decomposition is complete. 95105040 Radlatlon and combuatlon: Some llke it hotl Swithenbank, J. et aL, Proc. 10th Int Hear Transfer Conf., 1994, Inst. Chem. Eng., Rugby, UK, 1994, 1, 233-248. The paper reviews computational fluid dynamics modelling ap lications in uid dynamhigh temperature processes. Two examples of computational K* its applications in the field of wmbustron and heat transfer are presented. fJ25041
Recovery of apparent heat In rapid pyrolysla of
b’;cct;;merical simulations are used to study fundamental recesses in non- remixed turbulent reacting flows. A broad range of DamEohler number, !I a, and reaction zone thicknesses are studied, encompassing: stable, near-equilibrium reaction; local extinction; and global extinction. A simple thermochemical model for one-step reversible reaction is employed, in which the state of the fluid is described by the mixture. fraction and the perturbation from equilibrium.
iiiiishi, K eI a~ (Assigned lo) Nippon Steel Corp., JAP. Pat JP.O6,184,554, Jul. lk. A process where the gas-liquid separation in rapid pyrolysis of coal, tar from pyrolysis is sup lied into yrolysis products and gas atmosphere to have a temperature o!rewverd tar of 100-1500 for recoveryof apparent heat.
95105033 Numerlcal analysis of three-dlmenalonal flow fields ;-l;er~mbuatlon and heat transfer In pulverized coal flrlng
95lO5942 Recovery of carbon dloxlde ;z H. (Assigned to) Osaka Gas Co.L& JAI? Pal JP.O&171,901, Jwr
Endo, Y. et al., IHI Eng. Rev., 1995, 28, (l), 19-27. A three-dimensional numerical simulation code was developed to describe flow fields and heat transfer in pulverized coal fti in boilers, which takes into account modelling of gas-phase reactions, ra%native heat transfer, particle dynamics, volatiles yield and combustion of volatile material, semiwke oxidation, and coal properties. Describes three case. studies.
A process where fossil fuels (e.g. coal) are thermally decomposed to form carbonized substances and gases, the red hot carbonized substances are burned with pure 0, and CO, is recovered from the flue gases.
951Q5Q34 Observation of nonunlform shrlnkage and actlvatlon of hlahlv Doroua chars durlnn combustion In an lmwoved electrody~a~li: chamber B$sssY. and Bar-Ziv, E. Combustion & Flame+ Jun. 1995, 101, (4), Comb&on of single particles of highly porous synthetic char has been investigated in an electrodynamic chamber. 95/05035 Operatlon improvement by end flue temperature Increase at a coke oven _ Kassoka, G. and Tsukihara, Y. Tetsu to Hagane, 1995, 81, (2). T12-14. (IO Japanese) Describes the installation of an end flue burner on a coking oven to improve the temperature distribution of the flue. 95/05035 Overall modelln . 1. Overall modeling of atmospherlc fluldlzed bed combustPon and experlmental verlflcatlon Brem, G. Coal Sci TechnoL, 1995, 22, 185-225. A new overall model FBCSIM. presented for fluidized-bed combustion of coal, is an im roved and extended version of a previously pro sed s for CANMET mo a el that includes new subroutines based on mode p” semiwke combustion, NO-semicoke reduction, and sulphur capture, as well as new models for additives and staged combustion. The FBCSIM model results were compared with data obtained from two installations: a 4-MW capacity boiler at TNO-AFBC (Apeldoorn, Netherlands), and a WMg, capacity boiler at AKZO-AFBC (Hengelo, Netherlands). 95105037 Power plants with pressurlzrd fluldlzed-bed combustion Van Den Berg, C. Energleanwnd., Energ.-Umwelttech., 1994,43, (12), 488, 497-500. (In German) Discusses the fist pressurized fluidiied-bed coal combustion-based power plants using ABB (Asea Brown Boveri) technology in operation in Sweden, USA, Spain and Ja an. The application of this technology has proved that power generation I: om bituminous wal complies with the stringent environmental regulations being applied to new power plants without additional installations of expensive flue gas cleaning.
356
Fuel and Energy Abstracts September 1995
95105043 Reduced klnetlc models and their appllcatlon to practical combuatlon systems Griffiths, J. F. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 1995, 21. (l), 25-107. 95105044 Reduction of waste gases wlthout flue gas purlflcatlon at thermal power plants (USA experience) Kotler, V. R. and Pein. R. Elekrr. Sm, 1994, (7). 65-67. (In Russian) Discusses NO emission reduction from a coal-fired utility boiler by a combination o! gas rebuming and the application of low-NO, burners. 95105045 The role of ferrocene In flame synthesls of slllca Fotou, G. P. et al., Combusrion & Flame, Jun. 1995, 101, (4), 529-538. The effectof ferrocene additive on the specific surface area of silica articles synthesized in a diffusion flame reactor was studied. Three dif/ erent mixing configurations of the reactant gases were investigated. 95/05046 Slgnlflcant aspects of mlcrogravity experlmenta In coal combuatlon research Okazaki.K. N&on Enerugi Ga&&aishi,1994, 73, (12). 1038-1045. (In Japanese) Fundamental combustion processes of wal particles and coal clouds are summarized with the needs for their better understanding in developing highly advanced combustion technologies. The key roles of microgravity experiments are commented comparing with previous normal-gravity experiments where gravity-induced complication phenomena have made it impossible to gain a comprehensive view of flame propagation mechanism in pulverizd coal-air clouds. 95105047 Slmulatlon of a combined cvcle Dower olant based on a pressurized circulating fluldlzed bed cdtibu~st& Heinbockel. I. and Fett. F. N. Hear Recoverv. Svst I CHP, 1995. 15, (2), 171-178. Describes a comprehensive mathematical model for the simulation of a pressurized circulating fluidixed bed wmbustor. The model consists of a &mbustor model des&ibing the combustion chamber, the cyclone and the external heat exchanger as well as of a gas turbine model.
Q5lQ5038 Process for the productlon of llquld fuel, gaseous fuel. coke and active coal Si$a, K. et al., (Assigned to) Valdon Tebdllinen Tutkimuskes~, PCT
Inr. WO.94,24,228, Oct. 1994. The process relates to the preparation of liquid fuel, gaseous fuel, coke
and/or active carbon by a continuous process. 95105039 Propagatlon and extlnctlon of forced opposed flow smolder waves Schult, D. A. d aL, Combustion & Flame, Jun. 1995, 101, (4), 471-490. Smoldering is a slow combustion process in a porous medium in which heat is released by oxidation of the solid. If the material is sufficiently porous to allow the oxidizer to easily filter through the pores, a smolder wave can propagate through the interior of the sold. The authors consider samples closed to the surrounding environment except at the ends, with gas forced into the sample through one of the ends. A smolder wave is initiated at the other end and propagates in a direction opposite to the flow of the oxidizer. Previous exoenmental results show that for flow smol~-~ oonosed -rr---- ~~-.der, decomposition oPthe solid fuel into char is the chemical process which drives the smolder process. The authors model this decomposition as a one step reaction. The model suggests that extinction occurs when decomposition is complete. 95105040 Radlatlon and combuatlon: Some llke it hotl Swithenbank, J. et aL, Proc. 10th Int Hear Transfer Conf., 1994, Inst. Chem. Eng., Rugby, UK, 1994, 1, 233-248. The paper reviews computational fluid dynamics modelling ap lications in uid dynamhigh temperature processes. Two examples of computational K* its applications in the field of wmbustron and heat transfer are presented. fJ25041
Recovery of apparent heat In rapid pyrolysla of
b’;cct;;merical simulations are used to study fundamental recesses in non- remixed turbulent reacting flows. A broad range of DamEohler number, !I a, and reaction zone thicknesses are studied, encompassing: stable, near-equilibrium reaction; local extinction; and global extinction. A simple thermochemical model for one-step reversible reaction is employed, in which the state of the fluid is described by the mixture. fraction and the perturbation from equilibrium.
iiiiishi, K eI a~ (Assigned lo) Nippon Steel Corp., JAP. Pat JP.O6,184,554, Jul. lk. A process where the gas-liquid separation in rapid pyrolysis of coal, tar from pyrolysis is sup lied into yrolysis products and gas atmosphere to have a temperature o!rewverd tar of 100-1500 for recoveryof apparent heat.
95105033 Numerlcal analysis of three-dlmenalonal flow fields ;-l;er~mbuatlon and heat transfer In pulverized coal flrlng
95lO5942 Recovery of carbon dloxlde ;z H. (Assigned to) Osaka Gas Co.L& JAI? Pal JP.O&171,901, Jwr
Endo, Y. et al., IHI Eng. Rev., 1995, 28, (l), 19-27. A three-dimensional numerical simulation code was developed to describe flow fields and heat transfer in pulverized coal fti in boilers, which takes into account modelling of gas-phase reactions, ra%native heat transfer, particle dynamics, volatiles yield and combustion of volatile material, semiwke oxidation, and coal properties. Describes three case. studies.
A process where fossil fuels (e.g. coal) are thermally decomposed to form carbonized substances and gases, the red hot carbonized substances are burned with pure 0, and CO, is recovered from the flue gases.
951Q5Q34 Observation of nonunlform shrlnkage and actlvatlon of hlahlv Doroua chars durlnn combustion In an lmwoved electrody~a~li: chamber B$sssY. and Bar-Ziv, E. Combustion & Flame+ Jun. 1995, 101, (4), Comb&on of single particles of highly porous synthetic char has been investigated in an electrodynamic chamber. 95/05035 Operatlon improvement by end flue temperature Increase at a coke oven _ Kassoka, G. and Tsukihara, Y. Tetsu to Hagane, 1995, 81, (2). T12-14. (IO Japanese) Describes the installation of an end flue burner on a coking oven to improve the temperature distribution of the flue. 95/05035 Overall modelln . 1. Overall modeling of atmospherlc fluldlzed bed combustPon and experlmental verlflcatlon Brem, G. Coal Sci TechnoL, 1995, 22, 185-225. A new overall model FBCSIM. presented for fluidized-bed combustion of coal, is an im roved and extended version of a previously pro sed s for CANMET mo a el that includes new subroutines based on mode p” semiwke combustion, NO-semicoke reduction, and sulphur capture, as well as new models for additives and staged combustion. The FBCSIM model results were compared with data obtained from two installations: a 4-MW capacity boiler at TNO-AFBC (Apeldoorn, Netherlands), and a WMg, capacity boiler at AKZO-AFBC (Hengelo, Netherlands). 95105037 Power plants with pressurlzrd fluldlzed-bed combustion Van Den Berg, C. Energleanwnd., Energ.-Umwelttech., 1994,43, (12), 488, 497-500. (In German) Discusses the fist pressurized fluidiied-bed coal combustion-based power plants using ABB (Asea Brown Boveri) technology in operation in Sweden, USA, Spain and Ja an. The application of this technology has proved that power generation I: om bituminous wal complies with the stringent environmental regulations being applied to new power plants without additional installations of expensive flue gas cleaning.
356
Fuel and Energy Abstracts September 1995
95105043 Reduced klnetlc models and their appllcatlon to practical combuatlon systems Griffiths, J. F. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 1995, 21. (l), 25-107. 95105044 Reduction of waste gases wlthout flue gas purlflcatlon at thermal power plants (USA experience) Kotler, V. R. and Pein. R. Elekrr. Sm, 1994, (7). 65-67. (In Russian) Discusses NO emission reduction from a coal-fired utility boiler by a combination o! gas rebuming and the application of low-NO, burners. 95105045 The role of ferrocene In flame synthesls of slllca Fotou, G. P. et al., Combusrion & Flame, Jun. 1995, 101, (4), 529-538. The effectof ferrocene additive on the specific surface area of silica articles synthesized in a diffusion flame reactor was studied. Three dif/ erent mixing configurations of the reactant gases were investigated. 95/05046 Slgnlflcant aspects of mlcrogravity experlmenta In coal combuatlon research Okazaki.K. N&on Enerugi Ga&&aishi,1994, 73, (12). 1038-1045. (In Japanese) Fundamental combustion processes of wal particles and coal clouds are summarized with the needs for their better understanding in developing highly advanced combustion technologies. The key roles of microgravity experiments are commented comparing with previous normal-gravity experiments where gravity-induced complication phenomena have made it impossible to gain a comprehensive view of flame propagation mechanism in pulverizd coal-air clouds. 95105047 Slmulatlon of a combined cvcle Dower olant based on a pressurized circulating fluldlzed bed cdtibu~st& Heinbockel. I. and Fett. F. N. Hear Recoverv. Svst I CHP, 1995. 15, (2), 171-178. Describes a comprehensive mathematical model for the simulation of a pressurized circulating fluidixed bed wmbustor. The model consists of a &mbustor model des&ibing the combustion chamber, the cyclone and the external heat exchanger as well as of a gas turbine model.