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05192 Optimum insulation for rectangular basements
13
Performance rtudles of a pOWvet cooled mahrl Tiwari, 0. N. er al, Energy & Buildings, 1995, 22, r2), 91-99. The design and performance of an ancient passively cooled mahal (buildlng) have been presented. The mahal was generally used for pilgrims during their visit to the city of Banaras. Energy balance quations for different components, namely walls and roof, of a mahal have been used to evaluate the performance of the mahal in terms of an enclosed-room air tempcrahue. It is observed that a reasonable thermal comfort temperature is achieved by ventilation using natural cold air through the windows.
95105193
95105194
Pick of the pack
MPS, Modern Power Systems, Mar. 1995, 15, (3). p. 47.
Over a period of time, heavily silted cooling system water can reduce thermal efficiency. Describes one way of tackling the problem by choosing an effective film-flow packing media. 95105195 Practlcrl rxprrlrnces wlth altrrnatlve refrigerants Butler, M. IRHACE J., Mar.-Apr. 1995, 12-14. Descrtbes the conversion of three systems to R134a. Ths rrpratlon of cllmatlc data and Its appllcatlon 95105195 to bulldlng and cPVII englneerlng BS 7770, Bridsh Standards Institution, 1995, 49 pp. Presents ways in which climatic data may be collected and analyscd. Frovides guidcncc on its application in building and civil engineering and explains how site climates can vary. 95/0519? Reduced weather data for bulldlng cllmatlzatlon and eppllcatlon to 29 European locatlonr Cannistraro, G. er aL, Energy, Jul. 1995, 20, (7), 637-646. A method for setting u a reference year of reduced temperature data, proposed by Klein and E bs, has been applied by the authors to 29 European locations for which an official test-reference year is available. This reference year of reduced temperatures may be utilucd for computer programs for analysis of the thermal bchaviour of buildings. The effectiveness of the method has been tcste.d by calculating the annual energy demand in 29 European locations for three modules with different thermophysical characteristics. 95/05190 Reducing ener y costs uslng run-around systems Besant, R. W. and Johnson, A. 8. ASHRAE J., Feb. 1995,37, (2), 41-46. The aper discusses how to achieve the proper mix for building systems, whtc *R IS often necessary to heat incoming outdoor air. Notes that during the last few years there has been renewed interest in ventilation air heat exchanger systems to reduce energy and running costs of buildings. 95lO5l99 Refrigerants - 160 years of changs Nagcngast, B. A ASHRAE.J., Mar. 1995, 37, (3), 54-62. A review of 160 years of the history of refrigerants. 95lO5200 Retrofit of college bulldln HVAC system reduces oor alr quality energy consumption and Improves InCB Hait:, N. ASHRAE J., Mar. 1995, 37, (3) 36-38. Descrtbes the retrofitting of the Loeb Butlding of Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. The building was constructed in 1965, and has 22,111 mz floor area consisting of four, nine-storcy blocks. Describes the old HVAC system and the refurbishment measures, highlighting how the new systems im roved comfort levels of occupants, and raised the indoor air quality, an!* improved energy efficiency. 95lO5201 North, S. J.
Safety of rmmonla refrlgeratlon system8
Proc. Ammonia Refrigeration Today Co& Institute of Refrigeratkm, 1994. The author discusses the main points from a guidance which the UK
Health and Safety Executive proposes to pub&h concernin ammonia refrigeration systems. Give the case of increased attention to sa fety and the likelihood of increased usage of NH, in refrigeration. 95105202 Solvlng heatlng and cooling problems In large areas Simons, J. IRHACE J., Jan.-Feb. 1995, 4-8. Discusses the problems that can be caused by heat gains and losses and the resulting air flows in huge atria. Describes the Lloyd’s building in London, one of the first modem air-conditioned buildings to incorporate an atrium. low energy 95105203 Teachln Bunn, R. Bldg. Sew. ! IBSE J., Apr. 1995, 17, (4), 19-23. Describes the second building installed in the UK with the Swedish Tcrmodeck passive cooling system at the University of East Anglia. The buildin is estimated to be the most airti ht in the UK, and describes the Termo %cck system installed in the bull. %mg with Regcnair air handling units incorporating heat recuperators capable of efficiencies in excess of 85%.
Space heating and cooling
95/05204 TOStIng the performance of air condltlonlng lnstallatlons Riva, F. Jnsrallarore ItaL, Mar. 1995,46, (3), 359-364. (In Italian) The third in a series of articles discussing the testing and the pc.rformance of air conditioning instaIlations. 95105205 Testing the psrformancr of twmlnrls for ventllt tlon systemr, chimneys and flues Welsh. P. A. BRE Information Patxr 5195. BuihiinaI Infkuation EstabI Ii&& 1995, 4 pp. The paper discusses a testing procedure that establishes both the wind pcrforance and flow resistance of free-standing terminals. Terminals are often fitted to cbinmcys, fiucs and ventilation exhausts spccificalIy to increase air movement and prevent wind-induced flow-reversal. 95lO5205 Thermal evaluatlon of several conflguratlons of lnsulatlon and structural materlals for some metal stud walls Kosny, J. and Christian, J. E Energy & Buildings, 1995,22, (2), 157-163. A series of two- and three-dimensional cornouter simulations was conductcd for several metal stud walls. The Heathig 7.2 fiiitc difference computer code, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was used to model walls and their components. Maps of the tern erature distribution in walls! their components, and the areas when wal P* s mterscct with other buildmg structures were developed. These maps were used as an aid to estimate the areas of zones affected by existing thermal bridges and to calculate R-values for these areas. These R-values were used to calculate average R-value for whole walls and estimate the thermal effects of wall details.Using simulated R-values, several configurations of wall insulation were examined. 95105207 Time constant for Qreek bulldlngs Anton0 oulos, K. A. and Tzivanidis, C. Energy, Aug. 1995, 20, (8). 785-80z. A systematic calculation of the time constant is presented for Greek buildings. This type of information is not available for many other countries. Correlations arc developed which provide values of the time constant for eight general classes and 21 types of buildings with 15 and 10 kinds of walls and roof constructions, respectively. The total floor areas of buildings range from 30 to 3000 m2. Only infiltration heat-losses were taken into account in the calculations of timi constants, but any level of ventilation can be included by making appropriate corrections. Examples illustram how the time constants are related to the thermal response of the buildings. 95105205 Toward zero complalnts for office alr condltlonlng Tamblyn, R. T. Heat. Pip. Air Condi& Mar. 1995, 67. (3). 67-72. Discusses the dissatisfaction of many office workers with‘& workplace environment. Describes two improvements that may hasten total acceptancc -100% outside air systems and personal workstation control of temperature and air motion. 95lO5209 Transport propertles of ternary near-azeotroplc mixtures Agarwal, R. S. et aL, Inl. J. Refrig., Feb. 1995, 18, (2), 132-138. Reports that in recent years considerable interest has developed in evaluating alternative refrigerants to the chlorofluorocarbon R12. Gives the transrt properties of near-axeotropic ternary mixtures of R22, R124 and f\”152A of different composition, computed over a wide range of tcmperaturcs using estimation techniques. 95105210 Two design aspects of defrostlng refrigerators Radcenco,V. er aL, Int. J. RejXg., Feb. 1995, 18, (2), 76-86. Describes the intermittent operation of a defrosting vapour compression timisation cycle refrigerator. The method used is that of thermodynamic in which heat transfer and thermodynamic aspects are accoun 3 for simultaneously to produce a realistic description of the intime operation of the installation. 95105211 Unltary rlr condltlonlng Jackson,A. et aL, Bldg. Sew. Environ. Engr., Mar. 1995, 18, (7), 19-23. Presents five short articles dealing with aspects of unitary air conditioning. The uss of modular welded plate heat sxchangers In refrlgeratlon Schcnkcr,F. Ki Lufl. filrete&., Mar. 1995, 31, (3), 120-122. (In German) Discusses the use of partly-halogcnatcd and alternative refrigerants as substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons which means that new requirements for heat exchangers in refrigeration Iants have to be met. Describes how flat plate heat exchanges, used in c Rcmical processes for decades,arc being developed specifically for use in refrigeration. Describes the advantages of flat plate heat exchangers. 95105212
Fuel and Energy Abstracts September 1995 355
Performance rtudles of a pOWvet cooled mahrl Tiwari, 0. N. er al, Energy & Buildings, 1995, 22, r2), 91-99. The design and performance of an ancient passively cooled mahal (buildlng) have been presented. The mahal was generally used for pilgrims during their visit to the city of Banaras. Energy balance quations for different components, namely walls and roof, of a mahal have been used to evaluate the performance of the mahal in terms of an enclosed-room air tempcrahue. It is observed that a reasonable thermal comfort temperature is achieved by ventilation using natural cold air through the windows.
95105193
95105194
Pick of the pack
MPS, Modern Power Systems, Mar. 1995, 15, (3). p. 47.
Over a period of time, heavily silted cooling system water can reduce thermal efficiency. Describes one way of tackling the problem by choosing an effective film-flow packing media. 95105195 Practlcrl rxprrlrnces wlth altrrnatlve refrigerants Butler, M. IRHACE J., Mar.-Apr. 1995, 12-14. Descrtbes the conversion of three systems to R134a. Ths rrpratlon of cllmatlc data and Its appllcatlon 95105195 to bulldlng and cPVII englneerlng BS 7770, Bridsh Standards Institution, 1995, 49 pp. Presents ways in which climatic data may be collected and analyscd. Frovides guidcncc on its application in building and civil engineering and explains how site climates can vary. 95/0519? Reduced weather data for bulldlng cllmatlzatlon and eppllcatlon to 29 European locatlonr Cannistraro, G. er aL, Energy, Jul. 1995, 20, (7), 637-646. A method for setting u a reference year of reduced temperature data, proposed by Klein and E bs, has been applied by the authors to 29 European locations for which an official test-reference year is available. This reference year of reduced temperatures may be utilucd for computer programs for analysis of the thermal bchaviour of buildings. The effectiveness of the method has been tcste.d by calculating the annual energy demand in 29 European locations for three modules with different thermophysical characteristics. 95/05190 Reducing ener y costs uslng run-around systems Besant, R. W. and Johnson, A. 8. ASHRAE J., Feb. 1995,37, (2), 41-46. The aper discusses how to achieve the proper mix for building systems, whtc *R IS often necessary to heat incoming outdoor air. Notes that during the last few years there has been renewed interest in ventilation air heat exchanger systems to reduce energy and running costs of buildings. 95lO5l99 Refrigerants - 160 years of changs Nagcngast, B. A ASHRAE.J., Mar. 1995, 37, (3), 54-62. A review of 160 years of the history of refrigerants. 95lO5200 Retrofit of college bulldln HVAC system reduces oor alr quality energy consumption and Improves InCB Hait:, N. ASHRAE J., Mar. 1995, 37, (3) 36-38. Descrtbes the retrofitting of the Loeb Butlding of Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. The building was constructed in 1965, and has 22,111 mz floor area consisting of four, nine-storcy blocks. Describes the old HVAC system and the refurbishment measures, highlighting how the new systems im roved comfort levels of occupants, and raised the indoor air quality, an!* improved energy efficiency. 95lO5201 North, S. J.
Safety of rmmonla refrlgeratlon system8
Proc. Ammonia Refrigeration Today Co& Institute of Refrigeratkm, 1994. The author discusses the main points from a guidance which the UK
Health and Safety Executive proposes to pub&h concernin ammonia refrigeration systems. Give the case of increased attention to sa fety and the likelihood of increased usage of NH, in refrigeration. 95105202 Solvlng heatlng and cooling problems In large areas Simons, J. IRHACE J., Jan.-Feb. 1995, 4-8. Discusses the problems that can be caused by heat gains and losses and the resulting air flows in huge atria. Describes the Lloyd’s building in London, one of the first modem air-conditioned buildings to incorporate an atrium. low energy 95105203 Teachln Bunn, R. Bldg. Sew. ! IBSE J., Apr. 1995, 17, (4), 19-23. Describes the second building installed in the UK with the Swedish Tcrmodeck passive cooling system at the University of East Anglia. The buildin is estimated to be the most airti ht in the UK, and describes the Termo %cck system installed in the bull. %mg with Regcnair air handling units incorporating heat recuperators capable of efficiencies in excess of 85%.
Space heating and cooling
95/05204 TOStIng the performance of air condltlonlng lnstallatlons Riva, F. Jnsrallarore ItaL, Mar. 1995,46, (3), 359-364. (In Italian) The third in a series of articles discussing the testing and the pc.rformance of air conditioning instaIlations. 95105205 Testing the psrformancr of twmlnrls for ventllt tlon systemr, chimneys and flues Welsh. P. A. BRE Information Patxr 5195. BuihiinaI Infkuation EstabI Ii&& 1995, 4 pp. The paper discusses a testing procedure that establishes both the wind pcrforance and flow resistance of free-standing terminals. Terminals are often fitted to cbinmcys, fiucs and ventilation exhausts spccificalIy to increase air movement and prevent wind-induced flow-reversal. 95lO5205 Thermal evaluatlon of several conflguratlons of lnsulatlon and structural materlals for some metal stud walls Kosny, J. and Christian, J. E Energy & Buildings, 1995,22, (2), 157-163. A series of two- and three-dimensional cornouter simulations was conductcd for several metal stud walls. The Heathig 7.2 fiiitc difference computer code, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was used to model walls and their components. Maps of the tern erature distribution in walls! their components, and the areas when wal P* s mterscct with other buildmg structures were developed. These maps were used as an aid to estimate the areas of zones affected by existing thermal bridges and to calculate R-values for these areas. These R-values were used to calculate average R-value for whole walls and estimate the thermal effects of wall details.Using simulated R-values, several configurations of wall insulation were examined. 95105207 Time constant for Qreek bulldlngs Anton0 oulos, K. A. and Tzivanidis, C. Energy, Aug. 1995, 20, (8). 785-80z. A systematic calculation of the time constant is presented for Greek buildings. This type of information is not available for many other countries. Correlations arc developed which provide values of the time constant for eight general classes and 21 types of buildings with 15 and 10 kinds of walls and roof constructions, respectively. The total floor areas of buildings range from 30 to 3000 m2. Only infiltration heat-losses were taken into account in the calculations of timi constants, but any level of ventilation can be included by making appropriate corrections. Examples illustram how the time constants are related to the thermal response of the buildings. 95105205 Toward zero complalnts for office alr condltlonlng Tamblyn, R. T. Heat. Pip. Air Condi& Mar. 1995, 67. (3). 67-72. Discusses the dissatisfaction of many office workers with‘& workplace environment. Describes two improvements that may hasten total acceptancc -100% outside air systems and personal workstation control of temperature and air motion. 95lO5209 Transport propertles of ternary near-azeotroplc mixtures Agarwal, R. S. et aL, Inl. J. Refrig., Feb. 1995, 18, (2), 132-138. Reports that in recent years considerable interest has developed in evaluating alternative refrigerants to the chlorofluorocarbon R12. Gives the transrt properties of near-axeotropic ternary mixtures of R22, R124 and f\”152A of different composition, computed over a wide range of tcmperaturcs using estimation techniques. 95105210 Two design aspects of defrostlng refrigerators Radcenco,V. er aL, Int. J. RejXg., Feb. 1995, 18, (2), 76-86. Describes the intermittent operation of a defrosting vapour compression timisation cycle refrigerator. The method used is that of thermodynamic in which heat transfer and thermodynamic aspects are accoun 3 for simultaneously to produce a realistic description of the intime operation of the installation. 95105211 Unltary rlr condltlonlng Jackson,A. et aL, Bldg. Sew. Environ. Engr., Mar. 1995, 18, (7), 19-23. Presents five short articles dealing with aspects of unitary air conditioning. The uss of modular welded plate heat sxchangers In refrlgeratlon Schcnkcr,F. Ki Lufl. filrete&., Mar. 1995, 31, (3), 120-122. (In German) Discusses the use of partly-halogcnatcd and alternative refrigerants as substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons which means that new requirements for heat exchangers in refrigeration Iants have to be met. Describes how flat plate heat exchanges, used in c Rcmical processes for decades,arc being developed specifically for use in refrigeration. Describes the advantages of flat plate heat exchangers. 95105212
Fuel and Energy Abstracts September 1995 355