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05924 Cement clinkers and their manufacture
04 The aoollcatlon of instrumental neutron activation 95lQ5911 analysis for the cdriification of the new NIST fly ash SRM Greenbern.R. R. et al.. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.. 1995, 193, (1). 7-14. The Nat&l Institute’ of Standards and Technoiogy (NSIT)‘ recently released the second renew4 of its Trace Elements in Coal Fly Ash Standard Reference Material SRM.1633b. This material is currently certified for 23 major, minor and trace elements., and concentrations of an additional 24 elements are provided for information only purposes. Current plans are to certify the concentrations of a number of rare earths upon completion of additional analytical work now in progress. Beneficiation of fly ash by oxidation for recycling 95105912 as pouolan In cement (Assigned ro) Electric Power Cochran, J. W. and Kirkconnell, S. F. Research Insdrure. US Pat US.5.399.194. Mar. 1995. A process where particles of fly ash containing carbon are treated in a dry bubbling fluid bed with air at 800-1300°F for carbon reduction, thus enabling the particles to be used as pozzolan in cement for concrete. C detectlon In soot formed In benzene liquid 95105913 spray combustyon In a shock tube Wang, R. and Cadman, P. Fullerene Science & Technology, 1995, 3, (5), 553-563. This brief communication describes the observation of small amounts of C in soot formed in the liquid spray combustion of benzene behind re4pected shock waves. As far as we are aware this is the first reported detection of C, in shock waves at such high pressures and temperatures. The soot containing C, was produced from combustion in argon containing l%O, at temperatures of about 2400K and pressures about 2.0 bar. Identification and separation of C, from co-produced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soot samples were made by H.P.L.C. and mass
C, films formed by ionized cluster beam deposl95lQ5914 tion: Structure and doping by ion Implantation Shi, Y. et al., Fullerene Science & Technology, 1995,,3, (5), 469-478. C, films were formed on a variety of substrates by ionized cluster beam technique. Their structure was found to depend on the acceleration voltages and substrate. Then the C, films were implanted by P+-ions with doses from &2X10” ion/cm*. The in situ measurement of electrical conductivity revealed an abrupt decrease of three orders in resistance. The temperature coefficient of resistivity of the P+-ion implanted C, film remained in a negative value. _ 95105915 Carbon dloxlde adsorbenta Yamamoto, T. and Kondo, Y. (Assigned to) Tohoku Electric Power Co; Ozawa Concrete Kogyo m, JAP. Pal. JP.O7,88,362, Apr. 1995. The adsorbents consist of industrial wastes of coal ash and blast furnace slag, and Ca hydrates, and are powders, granules or pellets. The adsorbents may be produced by mixing the industrial wastes with water and granulating or grinding the mixtures. Carbon molecular sieves produced from walnut ::Z:“‘” Hu, 2. and Vansant, E. F. Carbon, 1995, 33, (5), 561-567. Recently, the development of carbon molecular sieves (CMS) for the separation of various gases, particuarly air into oxygen and nitrogen, has gained widespread attention. In this paper, a simple method was presented for preparing carbon molecular sieves. Carbonized walnut shells were impregnated with a small amount of potassium hydroixde and pyrolysed. In this way, the pore size can be easily controlled in the range around 0.5 nm. The produced samples were further modified by a carbon deposition lo form the final CMS. 3-methylpentane was used as a carbon source for the deposition. 95105917 Carbon structures grown from decomposition of a phenylacetylene and thlophene mixture on Ni nanoparticles Jose-Yacaman, M. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (5), 669-678. A method based on the decomposition of phenylactylene and thiophene on a Ni-powder catalyst has been used to produce nanotubes, circular hollow structures, and other interesting graphitic morphologies. The structures obtained are analyzed using HREM. The stability of bent graphite sheets is studied. 95iO5918 Carbonlzatlon of coal-tar pitch under controlled atmosphere - Part I: Effect of temperature and pressure on the structural evolution of the formed.green coke Krebs, V. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (5), 645-651. The carbonization of an industrial coal-tar pitch was studied, by using a tube bomb, as a function of carbonization temperature (52O’C - 580°C) and inert gas pressure (l-20 bar) and resultant green cokes were evaluated according-to yield and observation under polarized light microscopy. At 52O”C,green cokes present large isotropic domains as well as Brooks and Taylor’i spheres whitever the pressureapplied, indicating that the pyrolysis duration seems to be too short lo obtain an entirely anisotropic texture. When carbonization temperature increases, samples present an entirely anisotopic texture.
By-products related to fuels
95105919 Carbonlzatlon of coal-tar pitch under controlled atmosphere - Part II: Effect of temperature and pressure on the electrical property evolution of the formed green coke Elalaoui, M. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (5). 653-656. The carbonization of an industrial coal-ia; pitch was studied by using a tube bomb, as a function of carbonization temoerature (550°C - 58o”Q and inert gas pressure (I-20 bar), arid resultant ‘green cdkes were evalbated according to electrical resistivity determined using the Van der Pauw method. At 550°C. the carbonization oressure increase leads to an uniaxial arrangement of the produced green’coke sample and lo a progressive increase of the resistivity component perpendicular 10 the tube bomb axis. Carbonlzatlon of methylene-bridged aromatlc 95105920 ollgomers - Effect of slkyl substltuents Ida, T. er al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (5), 625-631. Methylene-bridged oligomers were prepared from naphthalene, tetralin, biphenyl, and their alkyl-substituted homologues and carbonized under an atmospheric pressure. -The carbonization properties of oligomers were improved by alkyl groups lo give anisotropic mesophase. The structural changes of the oligomers suggested that radicals formed from alkyl groups would accelerate the condensation reactions of oligomers and that the wnversion of alkyl carbons, as well as methylene carbons, into aromatic carbons resulted in growth of the aromatic systems.
ZliE’
Carbonlzatlon of pitches In slr blowing batch
Choi, J. H. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (2), 109-114. Carbonization of petroleum and coal tar pitches to toluene insoluble fraction (TI) was investigated under air and mtrogen pas blowinn svstems. The TI yi‘eldwas evaluatid on the basis of the wzghibf pitch loaded. Changes of the yield with the reaction time was analyzed by a kinetic model of carbonization. 95105922 Catalytic hydrotreatment of Illinois No. 6 coalderived naphtha: Comparlson of molybdenum nltrlde and molybdenum sulfide for heteroatom removal Raje, A. et al., Appl. Catal. A, 1995, 123, (2), 239-250. Reports on an investigation of the hydrotreatment of naphtha derived from Illinois No. 6 coal using molybdenum sulphide and nitride catalysts. The two catalysts are compared on the basis of total catalyst weight. Cation exchange properties of hydrothermally 95105923 treated coal fly ash Singer, A. and Berkgaut, V. Environ. Sci Technol., 1995, 29, (9), 1748-1753. Two samples of fly ash were treated for 2-48 h in 3.5&NaOH a1 100”. Powder XRD patterns of the resulting products were obtained, and their cation exchange capacity was determined. Zeolite P and/or hydroxysodalite formed during the treatment from the glassy part of fly ash, while quartz gradually dissolved, and mullite remained stable. Approximately 50% of the fly ash could be converted to zeolites. Conccntractions of extractable B, MO, and Se in fly ash were considerably decreased upon treatment. 95105924 Cement clinkers and thelr manufacture Yamamoto,T. (Assigned to) Sumitomo Osaka Sentenro KK, JAP. Pat JP.O7,02,553, Jan. 1995. A process for the manufacture of cement clinkers by firing ground mixtures containing coal ash 100, gypsum 15-35, and Ca (calculated as CaO) 120-250 parts. Certification of a new NIST fly ash standerd refer95105925 encs material Greenberg, R. R. et al., Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem., 1995, 352, (l), 193-196. Reports that in June 1993, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released the third version of Constituent Elements in Coal Fly Ash Standard Reference Material SRM.1633b. The material is intended for quality assurance in evaluating analysis methods used lo determine constituent elements in coal fly ash or in materials with similar matrixes. It was certified for 23 major, minor, and trace elements using 10 different analysis techniques. 95105926 Characterization and properties of gammacyclodextrln-C, complex in aqueous solution l$yl;ini, K. I. et al., Fullerene Science & Technology, 1995, 3, (5), Describes how water soluble fullerene was prepared by complexing C, with gamma-cyclodextrin. The stoichiometry of the complex was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The complex was characterized by ‘H NMR, FlIR, SEM, circular dichroism and fluorescence techniques.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1995 421
C, films formed by ionized cluster beam deposl95lQ5914 tion: Structure and doping by ion Implantation Shi, Y. et al., Fullerene Science & Technology, 1995,,3, (5), 469-478. C, films were formed on a variety of substrates by ionized cluster beam technique. Their structure was found to depend on the acceleration voltages and substrate. Then the C, films were implanted by P+-ions with doses from &2X10” ion/cm*. The in situ measurement of electrical conductivity revealed an abrupt decrease of three orders in resistance. The temperature coefficient of resistivity of the P+-ion implanted C, film remained in a negative value. _ 95105915 Carbon dloxlde adsorbenta Yamamoto, T. and Kondo, Y. (Assigned to) Tohoku Electric Power Co; Ozawa Concrete Kogyo m, JAP. Pal. JP.O7,88,362, Apr. 1995. The adsorbents consist of industrial wastes of coal ash and blast furnace slag, and Ca hydrates, and are powders, granules or pellets. The adsorbents may be produced by mixing the industrial wastes with water and granulating or grinding the mixtures. Carbon molecular sieves produced from walnut ::Z:“‘” Hu, 2. and Vansant, E. F. Carbon, 1995, 33, (5), 561-567. Recently, the development of carbon molecular sieves (CMS) for the separation of various gases, particuarly air into oxygen and nitrogen, has gained widespread attention. In this paper, a simple method was presented for preparing carbon molecular sieves. Carbonized walnut shells were impregnated with a small amount of potassium hydroixde and pyrolysed. In this way, the pore size can be easily controlled in the range around 0.5 nm. The produced samples were further modified by a carbon deposition lo form the final CMS. 3-methylpentane was used as a carbon source for the deposition. 95105917 Carbon structures grown from decomposition of a phenylacetylene and thlophene mixture on Ni nanoparticles Jose-Yacaman, M. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (5), 669-678. A method based on the decomposition of phenylactylene and thiophene on a Ni-powder catalyst has been used to produce nanotubes, circular hollow structures, and other interesting graphitic morphologies. The structures obtained are analyzed using HREM. The stability of bent graphite sheets is studied. 95iO5918 Carbonlzatlon of coal-tar pitch under controlled atmosphere - Part I: Effect of temperature and pressure on the structural evolution of the formed.green coke Krebs, V. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (5), 645-651. The carbonization of an industrial coal-tar pitch was studied, by using a tube bomb, as a function of carbonization temperature (52O’C - 580°C) and inert gas pressure (l-20 bar) and resultant green cokes were evaluated according-to yield and observation under polarized light microscopy. At 52O”C,green cokes present large isotropic domains as well as Brooks and Taylor’i spheres whitever the pressureapplied, indicating that the pyrolysis duration seems to be too short lo obtain an entirely anisotropic texture. When carbonization temperature increases, samples present an entirely anisotopic texture.
By-products related to fuels
95105919 Carbonlzatlon of coal-tar pitch under controlled atmosphere - Part II: Effect of temperature and pressure on the electrical property evolution of the formed green coke Elalaoui, M. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (5). 653-656. The carbonization of an industrial coal-ia; pitch was studied by using a tube bomb, as a function of carbonization temoerature (550°C - 58o”Q and inert gas pressure (I-20 bar), arid resultant ‘green cdkes were evalbated according to electrical resistivity determined using the Van der Pauw method. At 550°C. the carbonization oressure increase leads to an uniaxial arrangement of the produced green’coke sample and lo a progressive increase of the resistivity component perpendicular 10 the tube bomb axis. Carbonlzatlon of methylene-bridged aromatlc 95105920 ollgomers - Effect of slkyl substltuents Ida, T. er al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (5), 625-631. Methylene-bridged oligomers were prepared from naphthalene, tetralin, biphenyl, and their alkyl-substituted homologues and carbonized under an atmospheric pressure. -The carbonization properties of oligomers were improved by alkyl groups lo give anisotropic mesophase. The structural changes of the oligomers suggested that radicals formed from alkyl groups would accelerate the condensation reactions of oligomers and that the wnversion of alkyl carbons, as well as methylene carbons, into aromatic carbons resulted in growth of the aromatic systems.
ZliE’
Carbonlzatlon of pitches In slr blowing batch
Choi, J. H. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (2), 109-114. Carbonization of petroleum and coal tar pitches to toluene insoluble fraction (TI) was investigated under air and mtrogen pas blowinn svstems. The TI yi‘eldwas evaluatid on the basis of the wzghibf pitch loaded. Changes of the yield with the reaction time was analyzed by a kinetic model of carbonization. 95105922 Catalytic hydrotreatment of Illinois No. 6 coalderived naphtha: Comparlson of molybdenum nltrlde and molybdenum sulfide for heteroatom removal Raje, A. et al., Appl. Catal. A, 1995, 123, (2), 239-250. Reports on an investigation of the hydrotreatment of naphtha derived from Illinois No. 6 coal using molybdenum sulphide and nitride catalysts. The two catalysts are compared on the basis of total catalyst weight. Cation exchange properties of hydrothermally 95105923 treated coal fly ash Singer, A. and Berkgaut, V. Environ. Sci Technol., 1995, 29, (9), 1748-1753. Two samples of fly ash were treated for 2-48 h in 3.5&NaOH a1 100”. Powder XRD patterns of the resulting products were obtained, and their cation exchange capacity was determined. Zeolite P and/or hydroxysodalite formed during the treatment from the glassy part of fly ash, while quartz gradually dissolved, and mullite remained stable. Approximately 50% of the fly ash could be converted to zeolites. Conccntractions of extractable B, MO, and Se in fly ash were considerably decreased upon treatment. 95105924 Cement clinkers and thelr manufacture Yamamoto,T. (Assigned to) Sumitomo Osaka Sentenro KK, JAP. Pat JP.O7,02,553, Jan. 1995. A process for the manufacture of cement clinkers by firing ground mixtures containing coal ash 100, gypsum 15-35, and Ca (calculated as CaO) 120-250 parts. Certification of a new NIST fly ash standerd refer95105925 encs material Greenberg, R. R. et al., Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem., 1995, 352, (l), 193-196. Reports that in June 1993, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released the third version of Constituent Elements in Coal Fly Ash Standard Reference Material SRM.1633b. The material is intended for quality assurance in evaluating analysis methods used lo determine constituent elements in coal fly ash or in materials with similar matrixes. It was certified for 23 major, minor, and trace elements using 10 different analysis techniques. 95105926 Characterization and properties of gammacyclodextrln-C, complex in aqueous solution l$yl;ini, K. I. et al., Fullerene Science & Technology, 1995, 3, (5), Describes how water soluble fullerene was prepared by complexing C, with gamma-cyclodextrin. The stoichiometry of the complex was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The complex was characterized by ‘H NMR, FlIR, SEM, circular dichroism and fluorescence techniques.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1995 421