- Email: [email protected]
06163 Alternative fuels control exhaust emissions
07
Akernative energy
sources
(bioconversion
energy)
Oscillating currents. The than Ing rationale for 95/06155 ustry government intervention In the electricity Incs Jaccard,M. Energy Policy, Ju!. 1995, 23, (7), 579-592. The appropriate role for government in the electricity industry has emerged as a major issue throughout the world. This is explained, using the terms of neoclassical economics, by shifts in the rationales for government intervention in that industry. The two historic rationales, natural monopoly and public good, have been diminishing in importance, while the need to deal with negative environmental externalities has been given increasing attention. The paper details the changes in each rationale and then synthesizes this information to probe the implications for policy. A key conclusion is that while there will be pressures toward similar policy responses and similar models for the electricity sector, there will remain opportunities and justification for significant differences between regions and countries.
Port Dickson at the forefront of Malaysia’s IPP 95106156 projects Modern Power Systems, Aug. 1993, 15, (8) 29, 31. Reports on how the Malaysian government has turned to private power producers to help meet the country’s expanding needs. To date, the govemment has issues licenses to five independent power producers (IPPs), including three base-load plants and two peaking plants. The first of these five IPP plants to be fired and the second to start supplying commercial power was Port Dickson Power Sdn Bhd.
Prlvatlslng UK generators. A regulator’s 95106157 perspective Weightman, M. Nuclear Engng. ht., Sep. 1995, 40, (494), 14-16. After more than 30 years of state-owned nuclear power, the British Government decided to transfer the newer nuclear power stations to the private sector, a move which has raised questions regarding the possible implications for safety. In this article the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate answers many of the questions and clarifies the issues involved.
Productive efflclency of,electrlc utllltles In Asia: A 95106156 comparative study Shrestha, R. M. and Timilsina, G. R. Revue de I’Energie, Jul.-Sep. 1995, (470), 534-540. The paper assesses the productive efficiency (and its components) of 36 electric utilities in Asia in 1987 by using data envelopment analysis method. As a key finding of the study! five utilities i.e. TAIPOWER (Taiwan), KEPCO (South Korea), PUB (Smgapore), NCEPA (China) and FEA (Fiji) were found to be the best practice utilities (BPUs) in the region. The relative inefficiency of most utilities in the region as compared to BPUs is mainly attributed to the use of relatively less efficient technology and excessive manpower in electricity supply.
Removing coal subsidies. Implications for Euro95106159 pean electrlclty markets Newbery, D. M. Energy Policy, Jun. 1995, 23, (6), 523-533. Denmark, Britain, Germany and Spain have high coal shares in electricity generation. Denmark with no indigenous coal has the cheapest coal and electricity. Germany has the largest coal industry, one of the most protected, pays the highest price for coal and has high electricity prices. The paper examines the possible impacts on electricity prices of dismantling coal subsidies, and ar ues that much depends on the form of the subsidies and their method of !mance. Removing subsidies in Germany and Spain might lower prices by lo%, but in the UK, where remaining subsidies are small, by a negligible amount.
Socloeconomlc development and electrlclty con95106160 sumptlon. A cross-country snalysls uslng the random coefflclent method Burney, N. A. Energy Economics, Jul. 1995, 17, (3) 185-195. The paper analyses the relationship between electricity consumption and socioeconomic variables by estimating the electricity consumption function on the basis of single year cross-country data, and using OLS and random coefficient (RC) methods. The latter method yields both mean response as well as country-specific coefficients. While electricity consumption is found to rise with socioeconomic development, it is found to be Inelastic with respect to changes in all the variables. The estimated country-specific coefficients with respect to per capita GNP and share of industry to GDP are found not to vary across countries, indicating that the impact of these variables on electricity consumption is similar across countries. On the other hand, the impact of other variables (years of schooling, GDP growth, urbanization and population density) is found to vary substantially across countries.
436
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1995
The structure and efflclency of the publicly owned 95iO6161 electric power Industry of Greece Andrikopoulos, A. A. and Vlachou, A. S. The J. of Energy & Development, 1995, 19, (l), 57-79. The urpose of this paper is to (1) investigate the cost structure of the Gree E Power Corporation(GPPC), (2) calculate productivity indices and economies-of-scale measures and identify their sources, and (3) clarify certain issues concerning the nature of the publicly owned and operated electric utilities in view of privatization proposals. The study, which focuses on the production, transmission, and distribution of electricit in Greece. estimates a transloz cost model usinn time-series data for tgree aggregate inputs (i.e., energy, labour, and capzal) and output. The results indicate that the GPPC is relatively efficient and exhibits economies of scale that contribute the most to the rate of growth in total factor productivity. 95106162 Sustalnable development of hydroelectric power Sarkar. A. U. and Karanoz. S. Enernv. Oct. 1995. 20. (10). 977-981. The paper deals with p&es to meetxcreasing demand’for.electricity in Turkey and elsewhere. Environmental problems created by exploitation of domestic resources should not be ignored. The authors comment on adverse effects of large-scale hydroelectric projects in India and Canada, and argue in faviour of small-scale dams for sustainable development.
07 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
SOURCES Bioconversion Energy 95106163 Alternatlve fuels control exhaust emlsslons Coal, Jul. 1995, 100, (7), p. 56. A short report on a new fuel made from soy oil which may help clean up the air in underground mines using diesel-powered equipment. 95106164 Biomass energy flows In Zimbabwe y;rn;yk, S. L. and Hall, D. 0. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (3), -
.
Terrestrial above-ground biomass production and utilisation in Zimbabwe was analysed for the years 1985-1989. The total production of biomass energy was estimated at an annual average of 409 PJ (49.5% from agriculture, 29.8% from forestry and 21.7% from livestock). Of the 321 PJ produced from agricultural and forestry operations, 71 PJ of fuelwood was harvested and burnt alone, 66 PJ was harvested for food, 122 PJ was unutilised crop and forestry residues, 35 PJ was harvested crop residues for use directly as fuel, and 27 PJ was harvested and used for industrial and other miscellaneous purposes. Biomass supply, demand and access were examined using the present data and other local consumption studies. Rural and urban biomass supply and demand scenarios were examined at regional and national levels using data generated by various studies from village to national scale. 95106165 Blomass roductlon of sugarcane cultlvars and early-generatlon hybrla s gge;dre, B. L. and Burner, D. M. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (2), - . Sugarcane (Saccharum L. spp. hybrids) is a vegetively-propagated, perennial crop cultivated primarily for sucrose production. The biomass production of mterspecific and intergeneric hybrids is assumed to surpass that of cultivars, but there have been few statistical comparisons. The objectives of this study were to determine effects of plant-cane and ratoon crops on biomass yield components for two sugarcne cultivars and early-generation hybrid derivatives (Experiment l), and to determine the effect of backcross breeding on biomass yield components (Experiment 2). 95106166 Blomass: A modern and envlronmentally acceptable fuel Hall, D. 0. and House, J. I. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Aug. 1995, 38, (l), 521-542. The energy of the sun and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere are captured by plants during photosynthesis. Plant biomass can be used to absorb carbon droxide emissions from fossil fuels, or it can be converted into modem energy carriers such as electricity, and liquid and gaseous fuels. Biomass supplies 13% of the world’s energy consumption, and in some developing countries it accounts for over 90% of energy use. There is considerable potential for the modemisation of biomass fuels through improved utihsation of existing resources, higher plant productivities and efficient conversion processes using advanced technologies. The interest in bioenergy is increasmg rapidly, and it is widely considered as one of the main renewable energy resources of the future due to its large potential, economic viability, and various social and environmental benefits.
Akernative energy
sources
(bioconversion
energy)
Oscillating currents. The than Ing rationale for 95/06155 ustry government intervention In the electricity Incs Jaccard,M. Energy Policy, Ju!. 1995, 23, (7), 579-592. The appropriate role for government in the electricity industry has emerged as a major issue throughout the world. This is explained, using the terms of neoclassical economics, by shifts in the rationales for government intervention in that industry. The two historic rationales, natural monopoly and public good, have been diminishing in importance, while the need to deal with negative environmental externalities has been given increasing attention. The paper details the changes in each rationale and then synthesizes this information to probe the implications for policy. A key conclusion is that while there will be pressures toward similar policy responses and similar models for the electricity sector, there will remain opportunities and justification for significant differences between regions and countries.
Port Dickson at the forefront of Malaysia’s IPP 95106156 projects Modern Power Systems, Aug. 1993, 15, (8) 29, 31. Reports on how the Malaysian government has turned to private power producers to help meet the country’s expanding needs. To date, the govemment has issues licenses to five independent power producers (IPPs), including three base-load plants and two peaking plants. The first of these five IPP plants to be fired and the second to start supplying commercial power was Port Dickson Power Sdn Bhd.
Prlvatlslng UK generators. A regulator’s 95106157 perspective Weightman, M. Nuclear Engng. ht., Sep. 1995, 40, (494), 14-16. After more than 30 years of state-owned nuclear power, the British Government decided to transfer the newer nuclear power stations to the private sector, a move which has raised questions regarding the possible implications for safety. In this article the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate answers many of the questions and clarifies the issues involved.
Productive efflclency of,electrlc utllltles In Asia: A 95106156 comparative study Shrestha, R. M. and Timilsina, G. R. Revue de I’Energie, Jul.-Sep. 1995, (470), 534-540. The paper assesses the productive efficiency (and its components) of 36 electric utilities in Asia in 1987 by using data envelopment analysis method. As a key finding of the study! five utilities i.e. TAIPOWER (Taiwan), KEPCO (South Korea), PUB (Smgapore), NCEPA (China) and FEA (Fiji) were found to be the best practice utilities (BPUs) in the region. The relative inefficiency of most utilities in the region as compared to BPUs is mainly attributed to the use of relatively less efficient technology and excessive manpower in electricity supply.
Removing coal subsidies. Implications for Euro95106159 pean electrlclty markets Newbery, D. M. Energy Policy, Jun. 1995, 23, (6), 523-533. Denmark, Britain, Germany and Spain have high coal shares in electricity generation. Denmark with no indigenous coal has the cheapest coal and electricity. Germany has the largest coal industry, one of the most protected, pays the highest price for coal and has high electricity prices. The paper examines the possible impacts on electricity prices of dismantling coal subsidies, and ar ues that much depends on the form of the subsidies and their method of !mance. Removing subsidies in Germany and Spain might lower prices by lo%, but in the UK, where remaining subsidies are small, by a negligible amount.
Socloeconomlc development and electrlclty con95106160 sumptlon. A cross-country snalysls uslng the random coefflclent method Burney, N. A. Energy Economics, Jul. 1995, 17, (3) 185-195. The paper analyses the relationship between electricity consumption and socioeconomic variables by estimating the electricity consumption function on the basis of single year cross-country data, and using OLS and random coefficient (RC) methods. The latter method yields both mean response as well as country-specific coefficients. While electricity consumption is found to rise with socioeconomic development, it is found to be Inelastic with respect to changes in all the variables. The estimated country-specific coefficients with respect to per capita GNP and share of industry to GDP are found not to vary across countries, indicating that the impact of these variables on electricity consumption is similar across countries. On the other hand, the impact of other variables (years of schooling, GDP growth, urbanization and population density) is found to vary substantially across countries.
436
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1995
The structure and efflclency of the publicly owned 95iO6161 electric power Industry of Greece Andrikopoulos, A. A. and Vlachou, A. S. The J. of Energy & Development, 1995, 19, (l), 57-79. The urpose of this paper is to (1) investigate the cost structure of the Gree E Power Corporation(GPPC), (2) calculate productivity indices and economies-of-scale measures and identify their sources, and (3) clarify certain issues concerning the nature of the publicly owned and operated electric utilities in view of privatization proposals. The study, which focuses on the production, transmission, and distribution of electricit in Greece. estimates a transloz cost model usinn time-series data for tgree aggregate inputs (i.e., energy, labour, and capzal) and output. The results indicate that the GPPC is relatively efficient and exhibits economies of scale that contribute the most to the rate of growth in total factor productivity. 95106162 Sustalnable development of hydroelectric power Sarkar. A. U. and Karanoz. S. Enernv. Oct. 1995. 20. (10). 977-981. The paper deals with p&es to meetxcreasing demand’for.electricity in Turkey and elsewhere. Environmental problems created by exploitation of domestic resources should not be ignored. The authors comment on adverse effects of large-scale hydroelectric projects in India and Canada, and argue in faviour of small-scale dams for sustainable development.
07 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
SOURCES Bioconversion Energy 95106163 Alternatlve fuels control exhaust emlsslons Coal, Jul. 1995, 100, (7), p. 56. A short report on a new fuel made from soy oil which may help clean up the air in underground mines using diesel-powered equipment. 95106164 Biomass energy flows In Zimbabwe y;rn;yk, S. L. and Hall, D. 0. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (3), -
.
Terrestrial above-ground biomass production and utilisation in Zimbabwe was analysed for the years 1985-1989. The total production of biomass energy was estimated at an annual average of 409 PJ (49.5% from agriculture, 29.8% from forestry and 21.7% from livestock). Of the 321 PJ produced from agricultural and forestry operations, 71 PJ of fuelwood was harvested and burnt alone, 66 PJ was harvested for food, 122 PJ was unutilised crop and forestry residues, 35 PJ was harvested crop residues for use directly as fuel, and 27 PJ was harvested and used for industrial and other miscellaneous purposes. Biomass supply, demand and access were examined using the present data and other local consumption studies. Rural and urban biomass supply and demand scenarios were examined at regional and national levels using data generated by various studies from village to national scale. 95106165 Blomass roductlon of sugarcane cultlvars and early-generatlon hybrla s gge;dre, B. L. and Burner, D. M. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (2), - . Sugarcane (Saccharum L. spp. hybrids) is a vegetively-propagated, perennial crop cultivated primarily for sucrose production. The biomass production of mterspecific and intergeneric hybrids is assumed to surpass that of cultivars, but there have been few statistical comparisons. The objectives of this study were to determine effects of plant-cane and ratoon crops on biomass yield components for two sugarcne cultivars and early-generation hybrid derivatives (Experiment l), and to determine the effect of backcross breeding on biomass yield components (Experiment 2). 95106166 Blomass: A modern and envlronmentally acceptable fuel Hall, D. 0. and House, J. I. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Aug. 1995, 38, (l), 521-542. The energy of the sun and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere are captured by plants during photosynthesis. Plant biomass can be used to absorb carbon droxide emissions from fossil fuels, or it can be converted into modem energy carriers such as electricity, and liquid and gaseous fuels. Biomass supplies 13% of the world’s energy consumption, and in some developing countries it accounts for over 90% of energy use. There is considerable potential for the modemisation of biomass fuels through improved utihsation of existing resources, higher plant productivities and efficient conversion processes using advanced technologies. The interest in bioenergy is increasmg rapidly, and it is widely considered as one of the main renewable energy resources of the future due to its large potential, economic viability, and various social and environmental benefits.