- Email: [email protected]
06264 Reducing CO2 emissions by substituting biomass for fossil fuels
07
96106255 Energy from waato - Beat practice guide Renewable Energy Enquiries Bureau, ETSU, Harwell, OX11 ORA, UK Free. The guide is for use by local authorities and private sector developers of
municipal solid waste combustion and related projects. BSlO6256 Energy From Waste ‘95 Loram, R. G. Energy World, Jul.-At&. 1995, (230), 15-16. A report on the Energy From Waste ‘95 conference held in April 1994, in Solihull. The conference was organized by ETSU for the DTI. 95106257 Energy from waste plants - 1994 The Inrernational Solid Waste Associa+m, General
Secretaria&
Bremerholm I, DK-1049 Copenhagen K Denmark, DKr380.
Alternative
energy sources (others, including development,
economics)
Reducing CO, emlaalona by aubatltutlng blomaaa for foaall fuels Gustavsson, L. et al., Energy, Nov. 1995, 20, (ll), 1097-1113. Replacing fossil fuels with sustainably-produced biomass will reduce the net flow of CO, to the atmosphere. The authors express the efficiency of this substitution in reduced emissions per unit of used land or biomass and in costs of the substitution per tonne of C. The substitution costs are calculated as the cost difference between continued use of fossil fuels at current prices and the use of biomass, assuming that the biomass technologies are implemented when reinvestments in existing technologies are required. Energy inputs into biomass production and conversion are biomass-based, resulting in a CO,-neutral fuel cycle while CO, emissions from fossil fuels are estimated for the complete fuel cycles. 96lQ6264
OS/O6265 Renewable electrl~ mary sources
for Europe: Systems and prl-
95106256
Royal Institute of International Affairs & Earthscan, Earthscan Publications Ltd., 120 Pentonville Road, London Nl 9JN, f12.50, 128 pp.
Appropriate Solutions Press, Dover Road, Box 39, South Newfane, Vermont 05351. Uti. 230 DD.
95lO6266 Renewable energy atrateglea for Europe Royal Institute of Inrernalional Aflairs & Earthscan, Earthscan Publications Ltd., 120 Penronville Road, London Nl 9JN, flO.00, 80 pp.
Energy-efficient and ?? nvironmental landscaping: Cut your utility bills by up to 30 perca;t and create a natural healthy yard
The book c&ers Al the’dasics of environmental landscaping. It gives landscape designs for the four major climate zones in the U.S. and detailed instructions on proper plant placement. Federal tax effects on the flnenci I attractlvanaaa 95106259 of renewable versus conventlonal power plantf Hill, L. J. and Hadley, S. W. Energy Policy, Jul. 1995, 23, (7), 593-597. In this paper, the authors examine the effects of federal tax laws on the financial attractiveness of seven renewable and four conventional electric power generating technologies adopted by investor owned utilites (IOUs) and non-utility electricity generators (NUGS). The results show that federal income tax laws applicable to renewable generating technologies generally provide very attractive financial incentives for the adoption of these technologies by IOUs and NUGS. If an IOU or NUG is subject to the alternative minimum tax, however, it may not be able to take full advantage of these financial incentives. 95106260
Grate design for low heating valur waatr
Renewable energy. An Introduction to the apeclal feature Freris. L. Power Enann.. Aun. 1995. 9. (4). 159-163. Discusses how it is wal&eptid that io k&&e energy security we require an ‘energy mix’. Part of the mix will increas”lngly come from renewable sources of energy, but the unfolding of the renewable energy age will require the same courageous drive as the introduction of canals and railways in previous centuries. 95106267
Second try for Thameaido energy from waate MPS, Modern Power Systems, Sep. 1995, 15, (9); 57, 59, 61.
Reports that after a previous apphcation to budd an energy from waste plant to serve London was turned down, PowerGen CHP took on the project and has submitted a new proposal for the same site. The new plant IS in the process of seeking planrung approval, with a significant improvement in the environmental performance of the plant. It is still meeting opposition from local residents.
MPS, Modern Power Systems, Sep. 1995, 15, (9), 63, 65.
Generatine enerev from hieh moisture waste. such as that found in Asian countries,;equir& a waste-to ener y lant with a specially designed grate system. The Belgium company tgeg ers has developed a grate system which is well suited for this application. The system is described in the article. Production of alternative fuels In Ukraine 95/06261 Ekolekhnol. Resursosberezhenie, 1994, (2), 3-8. (In L.eonov, V. E. Russian) The author discusses the current or ossible production of alternative fuels, mainly from coal, in the Ukraine. 8 ome possible fuels include natural gas obtained from coal mines, and biogas manufactured from byproduct I$ from production of aliphatic alcohols from coke-oven gas, coal hydrohquefaction, and coal gasification with subsequent conversion of synthesis gas to liquid fuels. 95106262
Pyrolyala of waste tires with partial oxldatlon In a fluldired-bed reactor Lee. J. M. et al.. Enerw. Oct. 1995. 20. 001. 969-976. The’effects of fekd rate-if waste tyrks, bXyg& concentration, pyrolysis temperature, and fluidizing gas velocity on product (gas, oil, char) yield, composition, energy recovery, and heating value of the product gas have been determined in a fluidized-bed reactor. The product yield, composition and heating value of the product-gas, and energy recovery are found to be independent of the feed rate of waste tyres. The effects of oxygen concentration on the yield and production rate of product gas are small but both decrease with oxygen concentrations above 6.5%. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, the gas yield and energy recovery increase, 011 yield decreases, whereas the char yield remains constant. Pyrolyala-thermogravlmetrlc analyala of tyrea and 95106263 tyre components Williams, P. T. and Besler, S. Fuel, Sep. 1995, 74, (9), 1277-1283. Three samples of tyre of known rubber composition were pyrolysed in a thermogravimetric analyser under nitrogen at heating rates from 5 th 80 K min.‘. In addition, the major rubber components of the tyres-styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), natural rubber (NR) and polybutadiene rubber (BR)-were pyrolysed separately under the same conditions. The kinetic parameters were calculated. An increase in heating rate shifted thermal degradation to higher temperatures. The tyre samples showed two distinct areas of weight loss, representing a lower and a higher temperature of decomposition. The char yield from the tyres, 32-42 wt%, depended on tyre composition. The char yields from the pure rubber components were all <4 wt%, suggesting that the carbon black component of the tyre is the main source of char.
Studlea In coal/waste coprocesslng at Hydrocar. 95lO6269 bon Research Inc. Pradhan, V. R. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc.,‘Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (l), 82-86. Describes ihe co-liquefaction of waste plastics with coal and waste tyre rubber with coal which was demonstrated at a combined processing rate of 3 tons/day at the Proof-of-Concept facility of Hydrocarbon Research Inc. in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. A techno-rconomlc asseaament of Integrating a 9SlO6270 waste-coal coproceaalng facility with an existing refinery Gray, D. and Tomlinson, G. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (1), 20-23. A technical and economic feasibility study was given for siting of a wastecoal coprocessing facility adjacent to an existing petroleum refinery. Four cases were considered: (1) 1:l coal-waste plastic coprocessing only; 2 coprocessing of coal, waste plastic, and waste lubricating oil; (3) option I1 2 with waste tyres; and (4) coal only. In all cases, petroleum coke was used as a gasification feed’for H, production inhouse and out-of-house. Towards a sustainable enerav future 95106271 Ketting, N. G. Energy Policy, Jul. 1995, 23, B, 637-638. Discusses Greenpeace’s report Towards a Fossil-free Energy Future, which has recently presented a thought provoking scenario for energy sup ply in the 21st century. Transferring knowledge to developln countries A brief look at the lnternatlonal Development Bechnologlea Centre, Melbourne Fuller, B. Solar Progress, Aug.-Sep. 1995, 16, (3), p. 18.
95106272
The Tyson Turbine, another remote area power supply Singh, D. Solar Progress, Aug.-Sep. 1995, 16, (3), 10-12. Discusses the Tyson Turbine. The turbine uses low head pressure kinetic energy from river flows. Using a minimal technology, the turbine can be used to supply electricity to small third world communities at very little cost.
95106273
95106274 Vlabllitv of co-llauefvlna coal and olaatic waster Warren, A. and El-Hafwagi, M. ‘Predr. Fap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (l), 24-28. Describes a survey which was carried out of the current status and availability of plastic wastes, including a technical assessment of a proposed conceptual waste plastic-coal copiocessing plant, process simulaiiori, and an economic analysis.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1995 442
96106255 Energy from waato - Beat practice guide Renewable Energy Enquiries Bureau, ETSU, Harwell, OX11 ORA, UK Free. The guide is for use by local authorities and private sector developers of
municipal solid waste combustion and related projects. BSlO6256 Energy From Waste ‘95 Loram, R. G. Energy World, Jul.-At&. 1995, (230), 15-16. A report on the Energy From Waste ‘95 conference held in April 1994, in Solihull. The conference was organized by ETSU for the DTI. 95106257 Energy from waste plants - 1994 The Inrernational Solid Waste Associa+m, General
Secretaria&
Bremerholm I, DK-1049 Copenhagen K Denmark, DKr380.
Alternative
energy sources (others, including development,
economics)
Reducing CO, emlaalona by aubatltutlng blomaaa for foaall fuels Gustavsson, L. et al., Energy, Nov. 1995, 20, (ll), 1097-1113. Replacing fossil fuels with sustainably-produced biomass will reduce the net flow of CO, to the atmosphere. The authors express the efficiency of this substitution in reduced emissions per unit of used land or biomass and in costs of the substitution per tonne of C. The substitution costs are calculated as the cost difference between continued use of fossil fuels at current prices and the use of biomass, assuming that the biomass technologies are implemented when reinvestments in existing technologies are required. Energy inputs into biomass production and conversion are biomass-based, resulting in a CO,-neutral fuel cycle while CO, emissions from fossil fuels are estimated for the complete fuel cycles. 96lQ6264
OS/O6265 Renewable electrl~ mary sources
for Europe: Systems and prl-
95106256
Royal Institute of International Affairs & Earthscan, Earthscan Publications Ltd., 120 Pentonville Road, London Nl 9JN, f12.50, 128 pp.
Appropriate Solutions Press, Dover Road, Box 39, South Newfane, Vermont 05351. Uti. 230 DD.
95lO6266 Renewable energy atrateglea for Europe Royal Institute of Inrernalional Aflairs & Earthscan, Earthscan Publications Ltd., 120 Penronville Road, London Nl 9JN, flO.00, 80 pp.
Energy-efficient and ?? nvironmental landscaping: Cut your utility bills by up to 30 perca;t and create a natural healthy yard
The book c&ers Al the’dasics of environmental landscaping. It gives landscape designs for the four major climate zones in the U.S. and detailed instructions on proper plant placement. Federal tax effects on the flnenci I attractlvanaaa 95106259 of renewable versus conventlonal power plantf Hill, L. J. and Hadley, S. W. Energy Policy, Jul. 1995, 23, (7), 593-597. In this paper, the authors examine the effects of federal tax laws on the financial attractiveness of seven renewable and four conventional electric power generating technologies adopted by investor owned utilites (IOUs) and non-utility electricity generators (NUGS). The results show that federal income tax laws applicable to renewable generating technologies generally provide very attractive financial incentives for the adoption of these technologies by IOUs and NUGS. If an IOU or NUG is subject to the alternative minimum tax, however, it may not be able to take full advantage of these financial incentives. 95106260
Grate design for low heating valur waatr
Renewable energy. An Introduction to the apeclal feature Freris. L. Power Enann.. Aun. 1995. 9. (4). 159-163. Discusses how it is wal&eptid that io k&&e energy security we require an ‘energy mix’. Part of the mix will increas”lngly come from renewable sources of energy, but the unfolding of the renewable energy age will require the same courageous drive as the introduction of canals and railways in previous centuries. 95106267
Second try for Thameaido energy from waate MPS, Modern Power Systems, Sep. 1995, 15, (9); 57, 59, 61.
Reports that after a previous apphcation to budd an energy from waste plant to serve London was turned down, PowerGen CHP took on the project and has submitted a new proposal for the same site. The new plant IS in the process of seeking planrung approval, with a significant improvement in the environmental performance of the plant. It is still meeting opposition from local residents.
MPS, Modern Power Systems, Sep. 1995, 15, (9), 63, 65.
Generatine enerev from hieh moisture waste. such as that found in Asian countries,;equir& a waste-to ener y lant with a specially designed grate system. The Belgium company tgeg ers has developed a grate system which is well suited for this application. The system is described in the article. Production of alternative fuels In Ukraine 95/06261 Ekolekhnol. Resursosberezhenie, 1994, (2), 3-8. (In L.eonov, V. E. Russian) The author discusses the current or ossible production of alternative fuels, mainly from coal, in the Ukraine. 8 ome possible fuels include natural gas obtained from coal mines, and biogas manufactured from byproduct I$ from production of aliphatic alcohols from coke-oven gas, coal hydrohquefaction, and coal gasification with subsequent conversion of synthesis gas to liquid fuels. 95106262
Pyrolyala of waste tires with partial oxldatlon In a fluldired-bed reactor Lee. J. M. et al.. Enerw. Oct. 1995. 20. 001. 969-976. The’effects of fekd rate-if waste tyrks, bXyg& concentration, pyrolysis temperature, and fluidizing gas velocity on product (gas, oil, char) yield, composition, energy recovery, and heating value of the product gas have been determined in a fluidized-bed reactor. The product yield, composition and heating value of the product-gas, and energy recovery are found to be independent of the feed rate of waste tyres. The effects of oxygen concentration on the yield and production rate of product gas are small but both decrease with oxygen concentrations above 6.5%. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, the gas yield and energy recovery increase, 011 yield decreases, whereas the char yield remains constant. Pyrolyala-thermogravlmetrlc analyala of tyrea and 95106263 tyre components Williams, P. T. and Besler, S. Fuel, Sep. 1995, 74, (9), 1277-1283. Three samples of tyre of known rubber composition were pyrolysed in a thermogravimetric analyser under nitrogen at heating rates from 5 th 80 K min.‘. In addition, the major rubber components of the tyres-styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), natural rubber (NR) and polybutadiene rubber (BR)-were pyrolysed separately under the same conditions. The kinetic parameters were calculated. An increase in heating rate shifted thermal degradation to higher temperatures. The tyre samples showed two distinct areas of weight loss, representing a lower and a higher temperature of decomposition. The char yield from the tyres, 32-42 wt%, depended on tyre composition. The char yields from the pure rubber components were all <4 wt%, suggesting that the carbon black component of the tyre is the main source of char.
Studlea In coal/waste coprocesslng at Hydrocar. 95lO6269 bon Research Inc. Pradhan, V. R. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc.,‘Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (l), 82-86. Describes ihe co-liquefaction of waste plastics with coal and waste tyre rubber with coal which was demonstrated at a combined processing rate of 3 tons/day at the Proof-of-Concept facility of Hydrocarbon Research Inc. in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. A techno-rconomlc asseaament of Integrating a 9SlO6270 waste-coal coproceaalng facility with an existing refinery Gray, D. and Tomlinson, G. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (1), 20-23. A technical and economic feasibility study was given for siting of a wastecoal coprocessing facility adjacent to an existing petroleum refinery. Four cases were considered: (1) 1:l coal-waste plastic coprocessing only; 2 coprocessing of coal, waste plastic, and waste lubricating oil; (3) option I1 2 with waste tyres; and (4) coal only. In all cases, petroleum coke was used as a gasification feed’for H, production inhouse and out-of-house. Towards a sustainable enerav future 95106271 Ketting, N. G. Energy Policy, Jul. 1995, 23, B, 637-638. Discusses Greenpeace’s report Towards a Fossil-free Energy Future, which has recently presented a thought provoking scenario for energy sup ply in the 21st century. Transferring knowledge to developln countries A brief look at the lnternatlonal Development Bechnologlea Centre, Melbourne Fuller, B. Solar Progress, Aug.-Sep. 1995, 16, (3), p. 18.
95106272
The Tyson Turbine, another remote area power supply Singh, D. Solar Progress, Aug.-Sep. 1995, 16, (3), 10-12. Discusses the Tyson Turbine. The turbine uses low head pressure kinetic energy from river flows. Using a minimal technology, the turbine can be used to supply electricity to small third world communities at very little cost.
95106273
95106274 Vlabllitv of co-llauefvlna coal and olaatic waster Warren, A. and El-Hafwagi, M. ‘Predr. Fap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (l), 24-28. Describes a survey which was carried out of the current status and availability of plastic wastes, including a technical assessment of a proposed conceptual waste plastic-coal copiocessing plant, process simulaiiori, and an economic analysis.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1995 442