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PCDFs in MSW incineration fly ash
75
Environment
(pollution, health protection, safety)
96106621
Thermal decomposition of PCDDs/PCDFs In MSW incineration fly ash Takasuka, G. et al., Organohalogen Compd., 1984, 19, 491-494. A rotary kiln thermal decomposition device was used to investigate kiln and thc,;z;ship of heating capacity, retention tim;eL;;ytratioF chlormated and decomposition efficiency polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins/dibenzotirans (PCDD/F) in electrostatic precipitator ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator. Using this device, PCDD/F concentrations in municipal solid waste incineration bag filter ash was reduced to 0.1 rig/p toxic equivalent levels. 95106622
TOXICair pollutlon handbook Patrick, D. R. (ed.) Van Nostrand Reinhold, mw York, USA, $99.95, 588 PP.
Discusses the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 for toxic air pollution in the USA.
Toxlclty of soil lodw to terrestrlal blota, wlth Impll95106623 catlons for ‘7 Sheppard, S. C. and Evenden, W. G. J. Environ. Radioactivity, 1995, 27, (2). 99-116.
There is an increasing necessity to consider the implications of wastes and emissions. including those of the nuclear industrv. on non-human biota. Traditionally, the &pact of I? has been assesseh’solely on the basis of human health. However, the decay rate of 12’1is so low that relatively high molar amounts of ‘&‘Iare present when the radiation doses are considerid just acceptable. In this study information was gathered on the chemical toxicity of innrganic I in order to compare the radiological and chemical impacts of I. Trace-element analysls In fly ash and fly ash 95106624 leachatsr: Round-robln test EDF-ENEL Lecuyer, I. et al., Colfecr. Nores Internes Dir. Emd. Rech., Biol. Sci. Terre Prot. Environ., Fr ce, 951VVmO9, 1995, 43 pp. This study focu se?s on the analysis of trace elements in ashes and leachates. Seven laboratories were requested to participate. Two ash samples were sent for analysis, one of which came from the Monfalcone power plant in Franc!, and the other from the Cordemais plant. As, Cd, Cr, Cr(VI), Cu, Hg, Nl, Pb, Sb, Se and Zn in the ash samples and leachates were analyzed. Treatment of radloactlve llquld waste contalnlng 95106625 caeslum by lndlgenouely avallable synthetic zeolltss: A comparatlve study Sinha, P. K. et aZ., Waste Managemenr, 1995, 15, (2), 149-157. Indigenously available, commercial samples of synthetic zeolites 13X, AR1,4A and ZSMJ, have been characterized and evaluated for their performance towards the removal of caesium from oure aaueous solutions as well as from actual’radioactive liquid wastes. ?he kiietics of the exchange process was studied in batch experiments with pure CsCl solutions spiked with radioactive 13’Cs. 95/06626
Turnlng contaminated solls Into clean solls
Per. Review, Oct. 1995. 49. 1585). 465-466.
Reports on the opening bf &tern Europe’s most advanced complex for the treatment an& recycling of contaminated soils in Antwerp. The plant will produce ultra-clean recycled sand. Turnlng envlronmental concerns Into envlronmen95106627 tal care In the chemical Industry In The Netherlands Willems, H. G. J. Cleaner Prod, 1994, 2, (3), 173-179. The paper reviews the growing interaction between (community) environmental concerns and environmental care in the chemical industry in The Netherlands in the past few decades. 95106626
U.K. government Issues Whlte Paper
Nuclear News, Aug. 1995, 38, (9), 84-85.
Reports that as a result of the UK government review of radioactive waste policy, which was running in parallel with the general review of the nuclear industry, a White Paper was published on the 4th July 1995. The White Paper generally endorsed the policy directions being followed by the nuclear industry, but did clarify the government position on one or two issues 95106629 Understandlng radlatlon risks: Lessons from Paris (Vlewpolnt) Rosen, M. L4EA Bulletin, 1995, 37, (2). 12-13. The author the Assistant Director of b&era1 and Director of the IAEA Division of Nuclear Safety discusses radiation risks which is a real and major problem confronting society today.
466
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1995
95lQ6630 Urinary excretion of mutagens In coke oven workers Clonfero, E. er af., Carcinogenesis, 1995, 16, (3), 547-554. The influences of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on urinary mutagenic activity was assessed in 75 coke oven workers, usmg a highly sensitive bacterial mutagen technique. Multiple re ression analysis showed that the mutagenic potency of urinary extracts ofgcoke oven workers depended on ex . posureto PAHs, tobacco smoking habits, and consumption of fried, gnl ed, or barbecued meat. Increased urinary mutagenic activity strengthens epidemiolo ical evidence of the increased risk of renal and urinary tract turnours. d e presence of mutagenic metabolites in urine as a result of occupational exposure to PAHs may be demonstrated only by using highly sensitive techmques for assessing urinary mutagenic activity in studies which include careful checking of the main confounding factors. 95106631 US reconsiders on spent fuel storage Nuclear Ennnn. InL Oct. 19%. 4. (4%). D. 13. Reports thatje$slatibn that woild &i&t &e’US Department of Energy to build a central, interim storage facility for spent nucler fuel moved another step forward in Congress in August 1995, but with significant details yet to be decided. The facility could be located at the Nevada Test Site, near Yucca Mountain, or on federal land in either Washington state or South Carolina where spent fuel from US defence programmes is already stored. 95106632 Use of pulverized coal ash In treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater Jiann. Z. er al., Schuichuli Jishu. 1995. 21. (21. IIn Chinese) The_dowdered coal ash adsorption’treatient bi l&&in and hieing wastewater has COD, BOD, sulphides, and colour removaP efticiences of 90100%. 95106633 Volcanism and climate Schonwiese, C. D. Energy & Environmenr, 1995, 6, (2), 107-118. Apart from anthropogenic impact on climate, there are a variety of natural impacting mechanisms which overlap in climate observation data, so considerably complicating the determinations of causes and effects. One of these mechanisms is explosive volcanism, which leads to various kinds of particles being released into the stratosphere. These oarticles scatter and Absorb parts Gf incoming solar radiation; causing the dtratosphere to grow warmer and at the same time the lower atmosphere (troposphere) to grow cooler. Therefore volcanism is an antagonist of the ‘Greenhoue Effect’. 96106634 Waste mlnlmlratlon and Its ecoologlcal evaluatlon. A case study In prlnted clrcult board manufacture Sage, J. and Schnitzer, H. J. Cleaner Prod., 1994, 2, (3), 185-195. The printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturers face several problems regarding the waste they generate. In Austria, a detailed study for waste mmimization was carried out with three PCB manufacturers and one electroplating company. In this project a lot of ecolo ically and economically effective options were found and implemented. d e ecological evaluation of processes is still an unsolved problem. Several evaluation models are tested on selected processes of the project. 95106635 Why INSAG has still got It wrong Dyatlov, A. Nuclear Engng. Inr., Sep. 1995, 40, (494), 17-21. The INSAG- report of the IAEA’s International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group has become widely accepted as the closest thing we have to a defimtive assessment of the causes of the Chernobyl accident. But INSAG7 gives an inaccurate picture of what happened, says the plant’s former deputy chief engineer. 95106636 Wlnd blasts caused by masslve roof falls Mitchell, D. W. Coal, Jun. 1995, 100, (6), 62, 64, 72. Discusses how the sudden collapse of a large, unsupported expanse of strong rock has disastrous potential. Wind blasts have killed miners and destroyed mine structures.- Coal, wood, and metal that is raised and entrained in the wind blast can speed like bullets through entries. Ignitions have occurred when rock containing quartz and red-hot roof bolts have been ejeced into ignitable atmospheres. The flames, in turn, have ignited coal dust raised into suspension by the wind blasts generated by the fall. Little is known and less is understood about this hazard. 95106637 Working towards Folnaven’s EIA Monk, D. Offshore Engineer, Aug. 1995, 21-22. The author the environmental manager of BP Exploration Europe, outlines progress to date on the wide-ranging studies which have been commissioned as BP defines the environmental backcloth for its pioneering Foinaven development in the West of Shetland. 95lO6636 Zeollts P In cements: Its potential for lmmoblllzlng toxic and radloactlve waste species Atkins. M. et al,. Waste Manaeement. 1995. 15. (21. 127-135. Zeolit; P, approximately (Na,O,eaO).A&0,.2&0; .bk20, has been shown to develop spontaneously m appropriate cement formulations at >4ooC, and to be a stable hase. Suitable-coniposites can be made from mixtures containing Ca(0 I! j2 or Portland cement, with high proportions of the pozzolans, metakaohn or class F fly ash. Alternatively, zeolite P is easily prepared in phase-pure form using laboratory chemicals.
Environment
(pollution, health protection, safety)
96106621
Thermal decomposition of PCDDs/PCDFs In MSW incineration fly ash Takasuka, G. et al., Organohalogen Compd., 1984, 19, 491-494. A rotary kiln thermal decomposition device was used to investigate kiln and thc,;z;ship of heating capacity, retention tim;eL;;ytratioF chlormated and decomposition efficiency polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins/dibenzotirans (PCDD/F) in electrostatic precipitator ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator. Using this device, PCDD/F concentrations in municipal solid waste incineration bag filter ash was reduced to 0.1 rig/p toxic equivalent levels. 95106622
TOXICair pollutlon handbook Patrick, D. R. (ed.) Van Nostrand Reinhold, mw York, USA, $99.95, 588 PP.
Discusses the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 for toxic air pollution in the USA.
Toxlclty of soil lodw to terrestrlal blota, wlth Impll95106623 catlons for ‘7 Sheppard, S. C. and Evenden, W. G. J. Environ. Radioactivity, 1995, 27, (2). 99-116.
There is an increasing necessity to consider the implications of wastes and emissions. including those of the nuclear industrv. on non-human biota. Traditionally, the &pact of I? has been assesseh’solely on the basis of human health. However, the decay rate of 12’1is so low that relatively high molar amounts of ‘&‘Iare present when the radiation doses are considerid just acceptable. In this study information was gathered on the chemical toxicity of innrganic I in order to compare the radiological and chemical impacts of I. Trace-element analysls In fly ash and fly ash 95106624 leachatsr: Round-robln test EDF-ENEL Lecuyer, I. et al., Colfecr. Nores Internes Dir. Emd. Rech., Biol. Sci. Terre Prot. Environ., Fr ce, 951VVmO9, 1995, 43 pp. This study focu se?s on the analysis of trace elements in ashes and leachates. Seven laboratories were requested to participate. Two ash samples were sent for analysis, one of which came from the Monfalcone power plant in Franc!, and the other from the Cordemais plant. As, Cd, Cr, Cr(VI), Cu, Hg, Nl, Pb, Sb, Se and Zn in the ash samples and leachates were analyzed. Treatment of radloactlve llquld waste contalnlng 95106625 caeslum by lndlgenouely avallable synthetic zeolltss: A comparatlve study Sinha, P. K. et aZ., Waste Managemenr, 1995, 15, (2), 149-157. Indigenously available, commercial samples of synthetic zeolites 13X, AR1,4A and ZSMJ, have been characterized and evaluated for their performance towards the removal of caesium from oure aaueous solutions as well as from actual’radioactive liquid wastes. ?he kiietics of the exchange process was studied in batch experiments with pure CsCl solutions spiked with radioactive 13’Cs. 95/06626
Turnlng contaminated solls Into clean solls
Per. Review, Oct. 1995. 49. 1585). 465-466.
Reports on the opening bf &tern Europe’s most advanced complex for the treatment an& recycling of contaminated soils in Antwerp. The plant will produce ultra-clean recycled sand. Turnlng envlronmental concerns Into envlronmen95106627 tal care In the chemical Industry In The Netherlands Willems, H. G. J. Cleaner Prod, 1994, 2, (3), 173-179. The paper reviews the growing interaction between (community) environmental concerns and environmental care in the chemical industry in The Netherlands in the past few decades. 95106626
U.K. government Issues Whlte Paper
Nuclear News, Aug. 1995, 38, (9), 84-85.
Reports that as a result of the UK government review of radioactive waste policy, which was running in parallel with the general review of the nuclear industry, a White Paper was published on the 4th July 1995. The White Paper generally endorsed the policy directions being followed by the nuclear industry, but did clarify the government position on one or two issues 95106629 Understandlng radlatlon risks: Lessons from Paris (Vlewpolnt) Rosen, M. L4EA Bulletin, 1995, 37, (2). 12-13. The author the Assistant Director of b&era1 and Director of the IAEA Division of Nuclear Safety discusses radiation risks which is a real and major problem confronting society today.
466
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1995
95lQ6630 Urinary excretion of mutagens In coke oven workers Clonfero, E. er af., Carcinogenesis, 1995, 16, (3), 547-554. The influences of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on urinary mutagenic activity was assessed in 75 coke oven workers, usmg a highly sensitive bacterial mutagen technique. Multiple re ression analysis showed that the mutagenic potency of urinary extracts ofgcoke oven workers depended on ex . posureto PAHs, tobacco smoking habits, and consumption of fried, gnl ed, or barbecued meat. Increased urinary mutagenic activity strengthens epidemiolo ical evidence of the increased risk of renal and urinary tract turnours. d e presence of mutagenic metabolites in urine as a result of occupational exposure to PAHs may be demonstrated only by using highly sensitive techmques for assessing urinary mutagenic activity in studies which include careful checking of the main confounding factors. 95106631 US reconsiders on spent fuel storage Nuclear Ennnn. InL Oct. 19%. 4. (4%). D. 13. Reports thatje$slatibn that woild &i&t &e’US Department of Energy to build a central, interim storage facility for spent nucler fuel moved another step forward in Congress in August 1995, but with significant details yet to be decided. The facility could be located at the Nevada Test Site, near Yucca Mountain, or on federal land in either Washington state or South Carolina where spent fuel from US defence programmes is already stored. 95106632 Use of pulverized coal ash In treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater Jiann. Z. er al., Schuichuli Jishu. 1995. 21. (21. IIn Chinese) The_dowdered coal ash adsorption’treatient bi l&&in and hieing wastewater has COD, BOD, sulphides, and colour removaP efticiences of 90100%. 95106633 Volcanism and climate Schonwiese, C. D. Energy & Environmenr, 1995, 6, (2), 107-118. Apart from anthropogenic impact on climate, there are a variety of natural impacting mechanisms which overlap in climate observation data, so considerably complicating the determinations of causes and effects. One of these mechanisms is explosive volcanism, which leads to various kinds of particles being released into the stratosphere. These oarticles scatter and Absorb parts Gf incoming solar radiation; causing the dtratosphere to grow warmer and at the same time the lower atmosphere (troposphere) to grow cooler. Therefore volcanism is an antagonist of the ‘Greenhoue Effect’. 96106634 Waste mlnlmlratlon and Its ecoologlcal evaluatlon. A case study In prlnted clrcult board manufacture Sage, J. and Schnitzer, H. J. Cleaner Prod., 1994, 2, (3), 185-195. The printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturers face several problems regarding the waste they generate. In Austria, a detailed study for waste mmimization was carried out with three PCB manufacturers and one electroplating company. In this project a lot of ecolo ically and economically effective options were found and implemented. d e ecological evaluation of processes is still an unsolved problem. Several evaluation models are tested on selected processes of the project. 95106635 Why INSAG has still got It wrong Dyatlov, A. Nuclear Engng. Inr., Sep. 1995, 40, (494), 17-21. The INSAG- report of the IAEA’s International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group has become widely accepted as the closest thing we have to a defimtive assessment of the causes of the Chernobyl accident. But INSAG7 gives an inaccurate picture of what happened, says the plant’s former deputy chief engineer. 95106636 Wlnd blasts caused by masslve roof falls Mitchell, D. W. Coal, Jun. 1995, 100, (6), 62, 64, 72. Discusses how the sudden collapse of a large, unsupported expanse of strong rock has disastrous potential. Wind blasts have killed miners and destroyed mine structures.- Coal, wood, and metal that is raised and entrained in the wind blast can speed like bullets through entries. Ignitions have occurred when rock containing quartz and red-hot roof bolts have been ejeced into ignitable atmospheres. The flames, in turn, have ignited coal dust raised into suspension by the wind blasts generated by the fall. Little is known and less is understood about this hazard. 95106637 Working towards Folnaven’s EIA Monk, D. Offshore Engineer, Aug. 1995, 21-22. The author the environmental manager of BP Exploration Europe, outlines progress to date on the wide-ranging studies which have been commissioned as BP defines the environmental backcloth for its pioneering Foinaven development in the West of Shetland. 95lO6636 Zeollts P In cements: Its potential for lmmoblllzlng toxic and radloactlve waste species Atkins. M. et al,. Waste Manaeement. 1995. 15. (21. 127-135. Zeolit; P, approximately (Na,O,eaO).A&0,.2&0; .bk20, has been shown to develop spontaneously m appropriate cement formulations at >4ooC, and to be a stable hase. Suitable-coniposites can be made from mixtures containing Ca(0 I! j2 or Portland cement, with high proportions of the pozzolans, metakaohn or class F fly ash. Alternatively, zeolite P is easily prepared in phase-pure form using laboratory chemicals.