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00130 Oil and gas resources of the Fergana Basin (Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, and Kyrgyzstan)
02
Liquidfuels(sources,properties, recovery)
96lOOll6
Petrographic prediction of coking properties for the Curragh coals of Australia Gray, R. J. andBowling, C. M. Int. J. Coal Geol., 1995, 27, (2), 279-298. High-quality medium-volatile bituminous coking coal from the Orion, Pollux, and Castor seams from the upper Permian Rangal Coal Measures (Australia) is one of the lowest ash, prime hard coking coal blends produced in Auqtralia, and also low in sulphur and produces very strong coke when carbomzed alone and in blends. Attempts to predict cokmg properties of the coals from petrographic data produced predicted coke stabilities that were significantly lower than those determined from coke tests. The study characterized the Curragh coals in terms of physical, chemical, and petrographic characteristics and strength testing. A series of suggested techniques for improving predictions of coke strength from petrographic data were examined and a new and improved technique was developed for the Curragh coals. 96lOOll6 Process of continuously making coke of high density and strength Wienert. F. 0. US Pat. US.5.423.951. Jun. 1995. Describds how pieces of coke ‘of high density and strength are made continuously from fine particles of bituminous or subbituminous or lignite coals or mixtures. The particles are generally oxygenated, mixed with water, compressed to squeeze out some of the water to obtain single bodies which are heat processed lying on a travelling grate for drying, pyrolyzing, carbonizing and cooling. 96lOO117
Studies of the impact of vanadium and sodium on the air reactivity of coke and anodes Rolle, J. G. and Hoang, Y. K. Light Met. (Warrendale, Pa.), 1995, 741-745.
The air reactivity of petroleum coke was examined with respect to varying levels of V and Na (e.g. by hydrotreating or by spiking the feedstock with vanadyl mesotetraphenylporphine). 96/00116 Thermal treatment for coal beneficlation using petroleum hydrocarbons Yagaki, K. et al., (Assigned to Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko She, GER. Offen. DE,4,446,401,
Jun. 1995.
A treatment of low-rank coal, which is porous and has a water content of up to lo%, is immersed in petroleum hydrocarbons to allow the hydrocarbons to coat the surface and to help remove water. The mixture obtained is then heated to remove the excess water which allows the hydrocarbons to impregnate the coal. The slurry is then separated, the excess hydrocarbons recovered, and the treated coal collected.
02 LIQUID FUELS Sources, Properties, Recovery 96/00119 Aqueous organic chemistry: Geochemicai aspects Siskin, M. and Katritzky, A. R. NATO ASI Ser., Ser. C, Composilion, Geochemistry & Conversion of Oil Shales, 1995, (455), 313-327.
Discusses the reactivity of organic molecules in hot water aimed at understanding how organic matter (kerogen) forms in natural environments and then breaks down into energy source materials. In natural systems where kerogens are depoiymerized, hot waste is ubiquitous and usually contains salt and minerals. Reactions such as ionic condensation, cleavage, and hydrolysis are facilitated by changes in the chemical and physical properties of water as temperature increases. Characteristics of carbon and hydrogen isotopic 96/00120 compositions of light hydrocarbons Shen, P. Sci China, Ser. B, 1995, 38, (2), 211-220. The light hydrocarbons studied in this paper are natural gas-associated light petrol&m and condensate. 46 iighipetroleum and condensate samples from 11 petroleum-bearing basins of China were collected and their carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions were analyzed. The condensate related to coal-bearing strata was enriched in “C and D while that related to the source material of type I-II was enriched in l*C. In general, the isotopic composition of carbon was mainly attributed to their source materials, whereas that of hydrogen principally reflected the effect of the sedimentary environment as well as the salinity of the water medium. 96lOO121 Effect of clay mlnerais on hydrocarbon formation during kerogen pyrolysis Zhang, Z. et al., Shiyou Kanran Yu Kaifa, 1995, 21, (5), 29-37. (In Chinese) In order to study the effect of clay minerals on the generation of petroleum and natural gas, kerogens were mixed with illite, montmorillonite and kaoiinite at different proportions and pyrolyzed. Both the chemical compositions and R, of hydrocarbons generated were affected by clay minerals, and the extent of the effect depended on mineral compositions.
6
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996
96100122 Floating production systems gain favour Gurney, J. Petroleum Rev., Sep. 1995, 49, (584), 406-409. Discusses the use of floating production storage and offloading vessels to develop UK offshore oil fields which looks certain to increase in the future. 96100123 Foinaven FPSO looking shipshape Knott, T. Offshore Engineer, Oct. 1995, 14-15. Reports that the completed hull for the Petrojarl Foinaven left its dry dock in Spain, bringing development of the West of Shetland’s first offshore oilfield a step closer. 96100124 Formation of pristene, ristsne and phytane: Kinetic study by laboratory pyroiysir 0 P Monterey source rock Tang, Y. C. and Stauffer, M. Org. Geochem., 1995, 23, (S), 451-460. The paper describes the generation of pristane and phytane from Monterey kerogen under both open and closed system pyrolysis conditions which were modelled by an Arrhenius e uation with an activation energy of 46.1 kcal/mol and a frequency factor o8 1.1 x lO’/min. These data were derived from a pseudo-first-order reaction of early prist-1-ene formation in open system pyrolysis. 96100125 Kinetic analysis of California petroleum source rocks by programmed temperature micropyrolysis Reynolds, J. G. et al., Org. Geochem., 1995, 23, (2), 109-120. Three California shales were examined by micropyrolysis to determine laboratory pyrolysis kinetics. The results show that laboratory decomposition kinetics of high sulphur kerogens and, in particular, Monterey kerogens appear not to be governed by organic sulphur content alone, particularly because the kinetics parameters for the 13.16 wt.% 0 Monterey sample were well outside the range generally seen for type I, II, and IIS kerogens, and closer to Type III kerogens. 96100126 Lignite-derived heterogeneous matrix as novel catalyst for organic reactions Snehalatha Nair, C. K. and Pardasaradhi, M. Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1531-1532. Sulphonated nitrocoai acid (SNCA) was prepared from lignite as a heterogeneous acid catalyst. The catalyst consists of a sulphonated heterogeneous aromatic matrix of lignite comprised of polar carboxyi, hydroxyl and sulphonic acid groups randomly distributed on its surface and is insoluble in common organic solvents. SNCA effectively catalysed several organic reactions, via. acetalization reactions and Knoevenagel condensation reactions, giving quantitative yields of the products and can be reused several times without loss of activity. 96lOO127
Natural occurrence of tetramantane (C&H.& pentamantane (C,,H,J and hexemantane (C&H& in a deep petroleum reservoir Lin, R. and Wilk, Z. A. Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1512-1521. A suite of petroleum polymantanes, including tetramantane, pentamantane and hexamantane, was discovered in a gas condensate produced from a very deep (approximately 6800 m below the surface) petroleum reservoir located in the US Gulf Coast. This appears to be the first reported natural occurrence of these compounds. Three isomers of tetramantane, four isomers of oentamantane and a number of their alkvlated comnounds were identified using full-scan GC/MS analysis. Results from selective ion monitoring GC/MS analysis suggest the presence of hexamantane. The poiymantanes are associated with abundant lower adamantologues, inciiding adamantane, diamantane (congressane), triamantane and their aikyl-substituted compounds. The genesis of polymantanes in petroleum is now known. 96100126 New life for Brent Bravo Potter, N. Petroleum Rev., Se 1995, 49, (584), 418-420. Describes the redevelopment oP the Brent Bravo platform. 96100129 A new role for Jackups Offshore Engineer, Oct. 1995, 24-26, 29.
Aimed at start uo in December 1995. BP’s Proundbreakine Hardinn oroiect has been pushed through at just adout thi lowest development cost ‘per barrel yet achieved in the North Sea. Describes the trendsettmg scheme and starts with a report on the TPG 500 platform - the first of its kind in the world, whose installation is being completed, and on the cost-cutting contract strategies employed. Also looks at the novel ‘snap-connected’ pipe_ laying and-loading system advances. 96100130
Oil and gas resources of the Fergana Basin (Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, and Kyrgyzstan
DOEIEIA-TRlO575, US Depr. of Energy, NEIC, Room IF-048, Forrestal Bldg., 100 Independence Ave, SW, Washington, DC.20585, USA, 1995, 174 PD.
Rep& that the Fergana basins has relatively small quantities of remaining recoverable oil and gas. The future oil and gas production from the Fergana basin will not affect world markets, but will have an effect on the local people.
Liquidfuels(sources,properties, recovery)
96lOOll6
Petrographic prediction of coking properties for the Curragh coals of Australia Gray, R. J. andBowling, C. M. Int. J. Coal Geol., 1995, 27, (2), 279-298. High-quality medium-volatile bituminous coking coal from the Orion, Pollux, and Castor seams from the upper Permian Rangal Coal Measures (Australia) is one of the lowest ash, prime hard coking coal blends produced in Auqtralia, and also low in sulphur and produces very strong coke when carbomzed alone and in blends. Attempts to predict cokmg properties of the coals from petrographic data produced predicted coke stabilities that were significantly lower than those determined from coke tests. The study characterized the Curragh coals in terms of physical, chemical, and petrographic characteristics and strength testing. A series of suggested techniques for improving predictions of coke strength from petrographic data were examined and a new and improved technique was developed for the Curragh coals. 96lOOll6 Process of continuously making coke of high density and strength Wienert. F. 0. US Pat. US.5.423.951. Jun. 1995. Describds how pieces of coke ‘of high density and strength are made continuously from fine particles of bituminous or subbituminous or lignite coals or mixtures. The particles are generally oxygenated, mixed with water, compressed to squeeze out some of the water to obtain single bodies which are heat processed lying on a travelling grate for drying, pyrolyzing, carbonizing and cooling. 96lOO117
Studies of the impact of vanadium and sodium on the air reactivity of coke and anodes Rolle, J. G. and Hoang, Y. K. Light Met. (Warrendale, Pa.), 1995, 741-745.
The air reactivity of petroleum coke was examined with respect to varying levels of V and Na (e.g. by hydrotreating or by spiking the feedstock with vanadyl mesotetraphenylporphine). 96/00116 Thermal treatment for coal beneficlation using petroleum hydrocarbons Yagaki, K. et al., (Assigned to Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko She, GER. Offen. DE,4,446,401,
Jun. 1995.
A treatment of low-rank coal, which is porous and has a water content of up to lo%, is immersed in petroleum hydrocarbons to allow the hydrocarbons to coat the surface and to help remove water. The mixture obtained is then heated to remove the excess water which allows the hydrocarbons to impregnate the coal. The slurry is then separated, the excess hydrocarbons recovered, and the treated coal collected.
02 LIQUID FUELS Sources, Properties, Recovery 96/00119 Aqueous organic chemistry: Geochemicai aspects Siskin, M. and Katritzky, A. R. NATO ASI Ser., Ser. C, Composilion, Geochemistry & Conversion of Oil Shales, 1995, (455), 313-327.
Discusses the reactivity of organic molecules in hot water aimed at understanding how organic matter (kerogen) forms in natural environments and then breaks down into energy source materials. In natural systems where kerogens are depoiymerized, hot waste is ubiquitous and usually contains salt and minerals. Reactions such as ionic condensation, cleavage, and hydrolysis are facilitated by changes in the chemical and physical properties of water as temperature increases. Characteristics of carbon and hydrogen isotopic 96/00120 compositions of light hydrocarbons Shen, P. Sci China, Ser. B, 1995, 38, (2), 211-220. The light hydrocarbons studied in this paper are natural gas-associated light petrol&m and condensate. 46 iighipetroleum and condensate samples from 11 petroleum-bearing basins of China were collected and their carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions were analyzed. The condensate related to coal-bearing strata was enriched in “C and D while that related to the source material of type I-II was enriched in l*C. In general, the isotopic composition of carbon was mainly attributed to their source materials, whereas that of hydrogen principally reflected the effect of the sedimentary environment as well as the salinity of the water medium. 96lOO121 Effect of clay mlnerais on hydrocarbon formation during kerogen pyrolysis Zhang, Z. et al., Shiyou Kanran Yu Kaifa, 1995, 21, (5), 29-37. (In Chinese) In order to study the effect of clay minerals on the generation of petroleum and natural gas, kerogens were mixed with illite, montmorillonite and kaoiinite at different proportions and pyrolyzed. Both the chemical compositions and R, of hydrocarbons generated were affected by clay minerals, and the extent of the effect depended on mineral compositions.
6
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996
96100122 Floating production systems gain favour Gurney, J. Petroleum Rev., Sep. 1995, 49, (584), 406-409. Discusses the use of floating production storage and offloading vessels to develop UK offshore oil fields which looks certain to increase in the future. 96100123 Foinaven FPSO looking shipshape Knott, T. Offshore Engineer, Oct. 1995, 14-15. Reports that the completed hull for the Petrojarl Foinaven left its dry dock in Spain, bringing development of the West of Shetland’s first offshore oilfield a step closer. 96100124 Formation of pristene, ristsne and phytane: Kinetic study by laboratory pyroiysir 0 P Monterey source rock Tang, Y. C. and Stauffer, M. Org. Geochem., 1995, 23, (S), 451-460. The paper describes the generation of pristane and phytane from Monterey kerogen under both open and closed system pyrolysis conditions which were modelled by an Arrhenius e uation with an activation energy of 46.1 kcal/mol and a frequency factor o8 1.1 x lO’/min. These data were derived from a pseudo-first-order reaction of early prist-1-ene formation in open system pyrolysis. 96100125 Kinetic analysis of California petroleum source rocks by programmed temperature micropyrolysis Reynolds, J. G. et al., Org. Geochem., 1995, 23, (2), 109-120. Three California shales were examined by micropyrolysis to determine laboratory pyrolysis kinetics. The results show that laboratory decomposition kinetics of high sulphur kerogens and, in particular, Monterey kerogens appear not to be governed by organic sulphur content alone, particularly because the kinetics parameters for the 13.16 wt.% 0 Monterey sample were well outside the range generally seen for type I, II, and IIS kerogens, and closer to Type III kerogens. 96100126 Lignite-derived heterogeneous matrix as novel catalyst for organic reactions Snehalatha Nair, C. K. and Pardasaradhi, M. Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1531-1532. Sulphonated nitrocoai acid (SNCA) was prepared from lignite as a heterogeneous acid catalyst. The catalyst consists of a sulphonated heterogeneous aromatic matrix of lignite comprised of polar carboxyi, hydroxyl and sulphonic acid groups randomly distributed on its surface and is insoluble in common organic solvents. SNCA effectively catalysed several organic reactions, via. acetalization reactions and Knoevenagel condensation reactions, giving quantitative yields of the products and can be reused several times without loss of activity. 96lOO127
Natural occurrence of tetramantane (C&H.& pentamantane (C,,H,J and hexemantane (C&H& in a deep petroleum reservoir Lin, R. and Wilk, Z. A. Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1512-1521. A suite of petroleum polymantanes, including tetramantane, pentamantane and hexamantane, was discovered in a gas condensate produced from a very deep (approximately 6800 m below the surface) petroleum reservoir located in the US Gulf Coast. This appears to be the first reported natural occurrence of these compounds. Three isomers of tetramantane, four isomers of oentamantane and a number of their alkvlated comnounds were identified using full-scan GC/MS analysis. Results from selective ion monitoring GC/MS analysis suggest the presence of hexamantane. The poiymantanes are associated with abundant lower adamantologues, inciiding adamantane, diamantane (congressane), triamantane and their aikyl-substituted compounds. The genesis of polymantanes in petroleum is now known. 96100126 New life for Brent Bravo Potter, N. Petroleum Rev., Se 1995, 49, (584), 418-420. Describes the redevelopment oP the Brent Bravo platform. 96100129 A new role for Jackups Offshore Engineer, Oct. 1995, 24-26, 29.
Aimed at start uo in December 1995. BP’s Proundbreakine Hardinn oroiect has been pushed through at just adout thi lowest development cost ‘per barrel yet achieved in the North Sea. Describes the trendsettmg scheme and starts with a report on the TPG 500 platform - the first of its kind in the world, whose installation is being completed, and on the cost-cutting contract strategies employed. Also looks at the novel ‘snap-connected’ pipe_ laying and-loading system advances. 96100130
Oil and gas resources of the Fergana Basin (Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, and Kyrgyzstan
DOEIEIA-TRlO575, US Depr. of Energy, NEIC, Room IF-048, Forrestal Bldg., 100 Independence Ave, SW, Washington, DC.20585, USA, 1995, 174 PD.
Rep& that the Fergana basins has relatively small quantities of remaining recoverable oil and gas. The future oil and gas production from the Fergana basin will not affect world markets, but will have an effect on the local people.