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Lurgi fixed-bed gasification process
04 Puriflcatlon of coke-oven gas for removal of hydro96/00240 gen sulflde and hydrogen cyanide Kvasov, A. V. et al., (Assigned to) Maloe Nauchno-Vnedrencheskoe
Predpriyarie po Ekologicheskim Problemam ‘Klever’, Russ. RU.2,010,591, Apr. 1994.
appllcatlons 96/00241 Repowerln Gas/Lurgl fixed-bed gas1a cation process
using
the
Brltlsh
Shellhorse, V. H. et al., Proc. Am. Power Conf, 1995, 57, (l), 70-77. Describes the British Gas Lurgi coal gasification combined cycle repowering projects which represent a cost effective and competitive way to upgrade or expand existing facilities with the following advantages: base load applications, simple, versatile design, repowering and lower MW outputs, environmental advantages, Clean Air Act compliance, and pollution prevention.
Slnterlng behavior of flying slag partlcles In entrained bed coal gaslfiers
96100242
Ueda, A. et al., Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1995, 74, (6), 387-393. (In Japanese) Flying slag particles have a tendency lo deposit and sinter on the exit wall of entrained coal easifiers. Sintering behaviour was examind using water quenched slag anachar obtained by the Taiheiyo coal gasificatioi at the pilot plant of HYCOL (Research Association for Hydrogen from Coal Process Development). The plant was designed to gasify 50 tons of coal per day. In this paper, the compressive strength was measured and used to estimate the sintering temperature. 96100243
Study of coal gasification modeling in steam-fluid-
ized gasifier Shen, Y. et al., Gongcheng Rewuli Xuebao, 1995, 16, (l), 101-105. (In Chinese) Describes the study of coal pyrolysis and char gasification with heating by circulating material in a steam fluidized gasifier.
Study on entrained flow gasification of coal under ash fusion controlling. II. Effect of limestone flux addition on slag fluidity
96100244
Lin, S. et al., Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1995, 74, (6), 394-401. (In Japanese) A laboratory scale entrained-bed coal gasifier was used to study ash melting behaviour and the effect of flux addition on the ash melting behaviour. In the study Blair Athol coal, Taiheiyo coal and limestone as a flux were used.
By-products related to fuels
Anode desulfurlzatlon on baklng 96100249 Vogt, F. et al., Light Met (Warrendale, Pa.), 1995, 691-700. Discusses the phenomenon of sulphur loss during the calcining leum cokes and the subsequent impact on anode quality.
of petro-
96100260 The anode: Its posltlon In carbon hlstory Marsh, H. Inr. Harald A. Oeye Symp., Norwegian Inst. Technol., Inst. Inorganic Chem., Trondheim, Norway, 1995, 169-172. The author examines, briefly, how the several major industries, associated with carbon artifact production, essentially belong lo one, closely knit family. The common parents are the geological fossils called petroleum and coal. Reviews the major developments in carbon scienceand technology
overthe last 40 years. 96/00251 Application of membrane mlmetic chemistry to fossil fuel conversion and environmental englneerlng Yen, T. F. et al., Adv. Appl. Membr.-Mimetic Chem., Plenum, New York, USA, 1995, 241-254. Topics discussed include: the regular framework formation in solutions containing disolved silicates; in-situ surfactant from petroleum and vesicles; asphaltene peptization and conversion, and reverse micelle multiphase biocatalysis.
Appllcatlon of petroleum asphaltenes In cracking under hydrogen
96100252
Butz, T. and Oelert, H. H. Fuel, Nov. 1995, 74, (ll), 1671-1676. Asphaltenes obtained from an Arabian Mix vacuum residue were cracked under hydrogen in a batch autoclave at 410-460°C for 5-90 min. The products were fractionated into gas, naphtha, oil, asphaltenes and coke. The feed and several product fractions were characterized by elemental analysis, by average molecular mass and by ‘H n.m.r. The variation of product fraction yields and analyses with temperature, reaction time, reaction gas (nitogen, hydrogen) and the presence of an inert solvent provided information about reactivity and reactions in asphaltene cracking. 96100253 Aspects of coal tar chemistry - A revlew Zander, M. Polycyclic Aromat. Compd., 1995, 7, (4), 209-221. The paper discusses the aspects of coal tar chemistry. Topics covered are: coal tar as a byproduct of blast furnace coke production; Industrial uses of coal tar, chemical composition of coal tar; preparation, purification and purity testing of PAC from coal tar; structure determination of unkown PAC derived from tar by synthesis; high temperature chemicals of PAC in the gas and liquid phase.
Atomic force microscopy determlnatlon of the topography of fly-ash particles
96100254
Texaco gasification process and Its application In Xu, Z. and Wu, X.
Demanet, C. M. Appl. Surf: Sci., 1995, 89, (l), 97-101. Discusses the atomic force microscopy images of the surface topography of fly-ash glassy spheres.
04 BY-PRODUCTS RELATED TO
96/00255 Australia’s flrst methanol plant Delaney, B. The Australian Gas J., Oct. 1995, 59, (5), p. 45. A short report on Australia’s first methanol research plant which converts natural gas to methanol using gas from the Bass Strait fields. The plant is situated at Laverton North, about 20 km west of Melbourne.
Meitan Zhuanhua, 1995, 18, (l), 19-24. (In Chinese) Discusses the Texaco (partial oxidation) gasification process, and the status of development and applications, especially in China.
FUELS Addition effects of coal-derived oil and coal on 96100246 upgrading of oil sand bitumen Yoshida, T. et al., Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (4), 685-690. Synergism in coprocessing of bitumen and coal was investigated in conjunction with hydrogen transfer. The reactions studied were: upgrading of bitumen and coal-derived oil, and coprocessing of bitumen with either coal-derived oil or coal. Retrogressive reactions, observed in bitumen upgrading were suppressed by the addition of either coal-derived oil or coal.
96100256
Characterization of ash and char formations In advanced high temperature particulate filtratlon systems
Alvin, M. A. Fuel Process. Technol., 1995, 44, (l), 237-283. A review of the morphology and composition of the ash, char and sorbent fines which deposit in the dust cake layers along ceramic barrier filters in advanced coal-fired combustion and gasification subpilot and demonstration plant test facilities. Explores the presence of condensed alkali, chloride and sulphur species in the ash cake deposit. 96100257
Adsorption kinetics of asphaltenes at toluene/acld 96100247 solution Interface Sheu, E. Y. er al., Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1475-1479. The adsorption kinetics of asphaltenes at the asphaltene-in-toluene/acid solution interface was studied using dynamic interfacial tension measurements. The pH of the aqueous phase was varied form 0.5 to 7 to study the effect of PH. Three asphaltene concentrations were used, one below the critical mlcelle concentration (CMC), one near the CMC and one above it. below or near the The results showed that for as haltene concentrations CMS, at pH between 3 and -! the dynamic interfacial tension (DIR) decays monotonically. The decay rate followed a diffusion-controlled process closely. At a concentration above the CMC, the DIFT behaved differently.
96100248
Ammonia production processes
Dybkjaer, I. Ammonia, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1995, 199-327. Discusses the process technology for the production of NH,. Early developments in NH, technology, processes used in the production of NH) synthesis gas, conversion of synthesis gas to NH,, processes for productlon of NH, from primary raw materials, and storage of NH, are described.
Characterlzatlon of Industrial activated carbons by adsorption and Immersion techniques and by STM
Stoeckli, F. et al., Fuel, Nov. 1995, 74, (ll), 1582-1588. The results obtained from a variety of techniques (vapour adsorption, selective adsorption of caffeine and immersion calorimetry) used lo characterize activated carbons of industrial origin are compared. It is shown that gate effects due to constrictions, and often overlooked, can be revealed by simple experiments with larger molecular probes. Immersion calorimetry appears lo be a simple and efficient technique, as illustrated by an activated series. Complementary information is also provided by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM).
96lOo25a
Characterlratlon of pitches by ultrasonlc method
Mondori, .I. et al., Aromatikkusu, 1995, 47, (5), 175-179. (In Japanese) Coal tar and petroleum pitches are important intermediates (or precursors) for carbon materials such as carbon fibre. To control the quality of carbon materials, it is essential 10 understand the molecular structure and molecular aggregation state for pitches. An ultrasonic method is used lo get more quantitative information about the molecular structure and aggregation state for pitches. Ultrasonic properties can also be used for the characterization of pitches.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996
15
Predpriyarie po Ekologicheskim Problemam ‘Klever’, Russ. RU.2,010,591, Apr. 1994.
appllcatlons 96/00241 Repowerln Gas/Lurgl fixed-bed gas1a cation process
using
the
Brltlsh
Shellhorse, V. H. et al., Proc. Am. Power Conf, 1995, 57, (l), 70-77. Describes the British Gas Lurgi coal gasification combined cycle repowering projects which represent a cost effective and competitive way to upgrade or expand existing facilities with the following advantages: base load applications, simple, versatile design, repowering and lower MW outputs, environmental advantages, Clean Air Act compliance, and pollution prevention.
Slnterlng behavior of flying slag partlcles In entrained bed coal gaslfiers
96100242
Ueda, A. et al., Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1995, 74, (6), 387-393. (In Japanese) Flying slag particles have a tendency lo deposit and sinter on the exit wall of entrained coal easifiers. Sintering behaviour was examind using water quenched slag anachar obtained by the Taiheiyo coal gasificatioi at the pilot plant of HYCOL (Research Association for Hydrogen from Coal Process Development). The plant was designed to gasify 50 tons of coal per day. In this paper, the compressive strength was measured and used to estimate the sintering temperature. 96100243
Study of coal gasification modeling in steam-fluid-
ized gasifier Shen, Y. et al., Gongcheng Rewuli Xuebao, 1995, 16, (l), 101-105. (In Chinese) Describes the study of coal pyrolysis and char gasification with heating by circulating material in a steam fluidized gasifier.
Study on entrained flow gasification of coal under ash fusion controlling. II. Effect of limestone flux addition on slag fluidity
96100244
Lin, S. et al., Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1995, 74, (6), 394-401. (In Japanese) A laboratory scale entrained-bed coal gasifier was used to study ash melting behaviour and the effect of flux addition on the ash melting behaviour. In the study Blair Athol coal, Taiheiyo coal and limestone as a flux were used.
By-products related to fuels
Anode desulfurlzatlon on baklng 96100249 Vogt, F. et al., Light Met (Warrendale, Pa.), 1995, 691-700. Discusses the phenomenon of sulphur loss during the calcining leum cokes and the subsequent impact on anode quality.
of petro-
96100260 The anode: Its posltlon In carbon hlstory Marsh, H. Inr. Harald A. Oeye Symp., Norwegian Inst. Technol., Inst. Inorganic Chem., Trondheim, Norway, 1995, 169-172. The author examines, briefly, how the several major industries, associated with carbon artifact production, essentially belong lo one, closely knit family. The common parents are the geological fossils called petroleum and coal. Reviews the major developments in carbon scienceand technology
overthe last 40 years. 96/00251 Application of membrane mlmetic chemistry to fossil fuel conversion and environmental englneerlng Yen, T. F. et al., Adv. Appl. Membr.-Mimetic Chem., Plenum, New York, USA, 1995, 241-254. Topics discussed include: the regular framework formation in solutions containing disolved silicates; in-situ surfactant from petroleum and vesicles; asphaltene peptization and conversion, and reverse micelle multiphase biocatalysis.
Appllcatlon of petroleum asphaltenes In cracking under hydrogen
96100252
Butz, T. and Oelert, H. H. Fuel, Nov. 1995, 74, (ll), 1671-1676. Asphaltenes obtained from an Arabian Mix vacuum residue were cracked under hydrogen in a batch autoclave at 410-460°C for 5-90 min. The products were fractionated into gas, naphtha, oil, asphaltenes and coke. The feed and several product fractions were characterized by elemental analysis, by average molecular mass and by ‘H n.m.r. The variation of product fraction yields and analyses with temperature, reaction time, reaction gas (nitogen, hydrogen) and the presence of an inert solvent provided information about reactivity and reactions in asphaltene cracking. 96100253 Aspects of coal tar chemistry - A revlew Zander, M. Polycyclic Aromat. Compd., 1995, 7, (4), 209-221. The paper discusses the aspects of coal tar chemistry. Topics covered are: coal tar as a byproduct of blast furnace coke production; Industrial uses of coal tar, chemical composition of coal tar; preparation, purification and purity testing of PAC from coal tar; structure determination of unkown PAC derived from tar by synthesis; high temperature chemicals of PAC in the gas and liquid phase.
Atomic force microscopy determlnatlon of the topography of fly-ash particles
96100254
Texaco gasification process and Its application In Xu, Z. and Wu, X.
Demanet, C. M. Appl. Surf: Sci., 1995, 89, (l), 97-101. Discusses the atomic force microscopy images of the surface topography of fly-ash glassy spheres.
04 BY-PRODUCTS RELATED TO
96/00255 Australia’s flrst methanol plant Delaney, B. The Australian Gas J., Oct. 1995, 59, (5), p. 45. A short report on Australia’s first methanol research plant which converts natural gas to methanol using gas from the Bass Strait fields. The plant is situated at Laverton North, about 20 km west of Melbourne.
Meitan Zhuanhua, 1995, 18, (l), 19-24. (In Chinese) Discusses the Texaco (partial oxidation) gasification process, and the status of development and applications, especially in China.
FUELS Addition effects of coal-derived oil and coal on 96100246 upgrading of oil sand bitumen Yoshida, T. et al., Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (4), 685-690. Synergism in coprocessing of bitumen and coal was investigated in conjunction with hydrogen transfer. The reactions studied were: upgrading of bitumen and coal-derived oil, and coprocessing of bitumen with either coal-derived oil or coal. Retrogressive reactions, observed in bitumen upgrading were suppressed by the addition of either coal-derived oil or coal.
96100256
Characterization of ash and char formations In advanced high temperature particulate filtratlon systems
Alvin, M. A. Fuel Process. Technol., 1995, 44, (l), 237-283. A review of the morphology and composition of the ash, char and sorbent fines which deposit in the dust cake layers along ceramic barrier filters in advanced coal-fired combustion and gasification subpilot and demonstration plant test facilities. Explores the presence of condensed alkali, chloride and sulphur species in the ash cake deposit. 96100257
Adsorption kinetics of asphaltenes at toluene/acld 96100247 solution Interface Sheu, E. Y. er al., Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1475-1479. The adsorption kinetics of asphaltenes at the asphaltene-in-toluene/acid solution interface was studied using dynamic interfacial tension measurements. The pH of the aqueous phase was varied form 0.5 to 7 to study the effect of PH. Three asphaltene concentrations were used, one below the critical mlcelle concentration (CMC), one near the CMC and one above it. below or near the The results showed that for as haltene concentrations CMS, at pH between 3 and -! the dynamic interfacial tension (DIR) decays monotonically. The decay rate followed a diffusion-controlled process closely. At a concentration above the CMC, the DIFT behaved differently.
96100248
Ammonia production processes
Dybkjaer, I. Ammonia, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1995, 199-327. Discusses the process technology for the production of NH,. Early developments in NH, technology, processes used in the production of NH) synthesis gas, conversion of synthesis gas to NH,, processes for productlon of NH, from primary raw materials, and storage of NH, are described.
Characterlzatlon of Industrial activated carbons by adsorption and Immersion techniques and by STM
Stoeckli, F. et al., Fuel, Nov. 1995, 74, (ll), 1582-1588. The results obtained from a variety of techniques (vapour adsorption, selective adsorption of caffeine and immersion calorimetry) used lo characterize activated carbons of industrial origin are compared. It is shown that gate effects due to constrictions, and often overlooked, can be revealed by simple experiments with larger molecular probes. Immersion calorimetry appears lo be a simple and efficient technique, as illustrated by an activated series. Complementary information is also provided by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM).
96lOo25a
Characterlratlon of pitches by ultrasonlc method
Mondori, .I. et al., Aromatikkusu, 1995, 47, (5), 175-179. (In Japanese) Coal tar and petroleum pitches are important intermediates (or precursors) for carbon materials such as carbon fibre. To control the quality of carbon materials, it is essential 10 understand the molecular structure and molecular aggregation state for pitches. An ultrasonic method is used lo get more quantitative information about the molecular structure and aggregation state for pitches. Ultrasonic properties can also be used for the characterization of pitches.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996
15