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00582 Performance predictions of alternative, low cost absorbents for open-cycle absorption solar cooling
07
Alternative energy sources
(solar energy)
96lOO50Q
Performance analysis of solar cell arrays loaded with passive loads
Akbaba, M. Applied Energy, 1995, 52, (2), 209-218. The dynamic behaviour of the linear first-order passive circuit is of considerable importance to engineers. However, dynamic responses of these circuits when powered with solar cell arrays have not received much attention. Further to this, to date, no closed-form solution was reported for the transient response of these circuits duelo difficulties arising from the complicated traditional model of the external characteristic of solar cell arrays. To overcome this difficulty, in this paper, a new model is proposed for external characteristic of solar cell arrays. The closed-form transient response of R-L and R-C circuits obtained from this model are compared with their counterparts obtained from the traditional model by using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method and very close agreement is obtained between the two sets of results.
Performance modeling of nonconcentratlng solar 96100581 detoxlficatlon systems March, M. er al., Solar Energy, Mar. 1995, 54, (3), 143-151. A detailed simulation model is developed for predicting the performance of solar detoxification systems. Concentration profiles are determined via a method of lines approach during sunlight hours for acquired and synthetic (simulating clear and cloudy days) ultraviolet radiation intensity data. Verification of the model is performed with comparison against indoor laboratory and outdoor field test results. Simulations are performed over a range of design parameters to examine system sensitivity. Discusses are focused on the determination of optimal sizing and operating conditions. 96iQQ502
Performance predlctlons of alternatlve, low cost absorbents for open-cycle absorption solar cooling
Ameel, T. A. er al., Solar Energy, Feb. 1995, 54, (2). 65-73. To achieve solar fractions greater than 0.90 using the open-cycle absorption refrigeration system, considerable sorbent solution storage is necessary. Sorbent solutions currently under consideration, such as aqueous solutions of lithium chloride and lithium bromide, may be too costly lo exploit the open-cycle storage concept. Having identified the absorber as the system component whose performacne is affected the most by a change in absorbent, an absorber model was selected from available literature pertaining to simultaneous heat and mass transfer. Low cost absorbent candidates were selected and their physical properties were either located in the literature, measured, or estimated. 96lOO503
Photovoltalc power plant for the southern reglon of
Libya Eljrushi, G. S. and Zubia, J. N. Applied Energy, 1995, 52, (2), 219-227. The paper compares, technically and economically, a gas turbine generator to be built in the southern region of Libya, with a photovoltaic (PV) power plant of the same capacity (100 MW,), as a clean and inexhaustible alternative. Solar irradiance in the region of 2300 kWh/m* annually, and sunshine duration is 3500 h/year. Consideration is given to long-term planning for power generation, limitation of fossil fuel resources in the country and technical experience to be gained in the field of solar power generation. It is the only viable option for the post oil era. Over the plant’s life of about 20 years, the PV power plant is found to be more economic in this region, even without taking into account the society’s cost due to the emission of more than a half million tonnes of air pollutants annually. 96/00584 Photovoltalc systems slrlng for Algerla Hadj Arab, A. et al., Solar Energy, Feb. 1995, 54, (2), 99-104. The purpose of this work is lo develop an optimization method applicable to stand-alone photovoltaic systems as a function of its reliability. For a given loss-of-load probability, there are many combinations of battery capacity and photovoltaic array peak power. The problem consists in determining the couple which corresponds lo a minimum total system cost. The method has been applied to various areas all over Algeria taking into account various climatic zones. The parameter used to define the different climatic zones is the clearness index KT for all the considered sites. The
periodof the simulationsystemis 10 years. 96lOO585 1975-2010
Photovoltalc technologies. A hlstory and forecast
Maycock, P. Solar Today, Nov.-Dec. 1995, 9, (6), 26-29. Discusses successful photovoltaic applications, which coupled with the decreased costs of PV modules from new plants being built in 1995-1997 make it likely that PV will become a commonplace, environmental benign electrical generation option. 96100586
Photovoltalc technology: Basic concepts slzlng of a stand alone photovoltalc system for domestlc appllcatlons and prellmlnary economic analysis
Sharma, V. K. er al., Energy Convers. Mgmt., Mar. 1995, 36, (3), 161-174. Describes a short descriptive outline, both for the processes that occur in the photovoltaic effect and the simplest form of a stand alone photovoltaic system. System sizing, description of a few small to medium capacity PV installations, preliminary economic analysis, the information needs for diffusing this technology into rural areas with particular reference lo developing countries etc. are other main subtopics discussed.
36
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996
96lQQ587 Plant for gasification of fossil fuels solar heater Yamauchi, Y. (Assigned 10) Mitsubishi Heavy Ind. Ltd., JAP. Pat. JP.O7,82,574, Mar. 1995. Q6lOO500 Prospects and proposals for solar energy education programmer
Hasnain, S. M. et al., Applied Energy, 1995, 52, (2), 307-314. Scientists have established a bright future for solar energy utilization through their Research, Development and Demonstration (R,D&DP) activities, but they paid less attention to solar energy education, necessary for effective dissemination of solar energy technologies. Therefore, in this paper, propects and proposals on the development of proper education programmes for every stage of education and the initiation of solar energy awareness programmes for the public are discussed. 96/00589
Prototype experimental plant for the Interseasonal storage of solar energ for the winter heating of buildings: Description of plant ancyIts functions
Oliveti, G. and Arcuri, N. Solar Energy, Feb. 1995, 54, (2), 85-97. The definitive version of an experimental heating plant for buildings which uses thermal energy extracted from an underground water tank heated solely by the sun with interseasonal storage is presented. The entire plant was planned and its functions simulated using calculus codes established at the University of Calabria, Italy.
PV-powered water pumplng and desallnatlon plant for remote areas In Saud1 Arabla
96lQQ590
Alawaji, S. er al., Applied Energy, 1995, 52, (2), 283-289. It is important to supply sufficient good quality water to remote areas to satisfy various needs. Due lo the high insolation intensities in Saudi Arabia, solar energy was selected to supply electric power to the equipment used in the desalination plant, i.e. submersible pump, reverse osmosis unit, storage batteries, etc. The plant is now under continuous operation (24 h per day). In the paper, the various pieces of equipment in the PV systems and their primary operation and performance are discussed. 96/00591
Racing wlth the sun. Sunrayce 95
Solar Today, Nov.-Dec. 1995, 9, (6), 33-35. Describes the Sunrayce 95, a biennial cross-country solar car race for college students in the USA.
Coe, M.
96/00592 Real-tlme slmulatlon of solar klln drying of tlmber Steinmann, D. E. Solar Energy, May 1995, 54, (5), 309-315. A major problem in optimizing solar kiln design and control is that natural weather conditions cannot be repeated in consecutive drying runs. All results are, therefore, dependent on the specific weather conditions during any given drying run. The construction and testing of a simulation system to overcome this problem of non-repeatability is described. 96lQO593
Rellablllty
and
economic
analysis
of a power gen-
eratlon system lncludlng a photovoltalc system
Jain, A. et al., Energy Convers. Mgmt., Mar. 1995, 36, (3), 183-189. A method for the reliability evaluation of an electric power generation system with a photovoltaic system is presented in this paper. An economic analysis of the system in terms of conventional fuel savings due to use of the photovoltaic system is also done. The fluctuating nature of the energy produced by the photovoltaic generation system has a different effect on the overall system reliability than the energy produced by conventional units. Here, conventional and photovoltaic units are combined into separate groups. 96100594
Simple approaches to modelllng solar radlatlon In
the Arctlc Young, K. L. et al., Solar Energy, Jan. 1995, 54, (l), 33-40. Solar radiation was modelled for an Arctic location using hourly and twice daily meteorological data. Results indicate that a total cloud model (TC,) employing cloud opacity data and cloud layer models (CL utilizing cloud opacity and cloud amount data (CL,) perform equally well; and they are better than a total cloud model (TC, employing cloud amount data. The performance of TC,,, CL,, and CL,. models improve greatly when averaged over 4 days, indicating the feasibility of utilizing rudimentary meteorological observations to broaden the radiation database for the vast Arctic region of North America. 96100595
Slmulatlon and optlmlzatlon of energy systems for In-bln drylng of canola grain (rapeseed)
Schoenau, G. J. et al., Energy Cowers. Mgmr., Jan. 1995, 36, (l), 41-59. Energy utilization systems optimization and management strategies for inbin drying of canola were investigated by using a validated computer simulation model and typical weather data for a prairie location in North America. The use of different energy systems, including natural gas, propane, electricity, solar energy, and combined natural gas and solar energy for drying grain within 15 days with airflow rates of 0.5-2m”/min 1, initial grain moisture contents of 13, 16 and 19%, and three harvest dates in August, September and October, was simulated for 10% and 8% mositure contents average-dry and through-dry policies.
Alternative energy sources
(solar energy)
96lOO50Q
Performance analysis of solar cell arrays loaded with passive loads
Akbaba, M. Applied Energy, 1995, 52, (2), 209-218. The dynamic behaviour of the linear first-order passive circuit is of considerable importance to engineers. However, dynamic responses of these circuits when powered with solar cell arrays have not received much attention. Further to this, to date, no closed-form solution was reported for the transient response of these circuits duelo difficulties arising from the complicated traditional model of the external characteristic of solar cell arrays. To overcome this difficulty, in this paper, a new model is proposed for external characteristic of solar cell arrays. The closed-form transient response of R-L and R-C circuits obtained from this model are compared with their counterparts obtained from the traditional model by using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method and very close agreement is obtained between the two sets of results.
Performance modeling of nonconcentratlng solar 96100581 detoxlficatlon systems March, M. er al., Solar Energy, Mar. 1995, 54, (3), 143-151. A detailed simulation model is developed for predicting the performance of solar detoxification systems. Concentration profiles are determined via a method of lines approach during sunlight hours for acquired and synthetic (simulating clear and cloudy days) ultraviolet radiation intensity data. Verification of the model is performed with comparison against indoor laboratory and outdoor field test results. Simulations are performed over a range of design parameters to examine system sensitivity. Discusses are focused on the determination of optimal sizing and operating conditions. 96iQQ502
Performance predlctlons of alternatlve, low cost absorbents for open-cycle absorption solar cooling
Ameel, T. A. er al., Solar Energy, Feb. 1995, 54, (2). 65-73. To achieve solar fractions greater than 0.90 using the open-cycle absorption refrigeration system, considerable sorbent solution storage is necessary. Sorbent solutions currently under consideration, such as aqueous solutions of lithium chloride and lithium bromide, may be too costly lo exploit the open-cycle storage concept. Having identified the absorber as the system component whose performacne is affected the most by a change in absorbent, an absorber model was selected from available literature pertaining to simultaneous heat and mass transfer. Low cost absorbent candidates were selected and their physical properties were either located in the literature, measured, or estimated. 96lOO503
Photovoltalc power plant for the southern reglon of
Libya Eljrushi, G. S. and Zubia, J. N. Applied Energy, 1995, 52, (2), 219-227. The paper compares, technically and economically, a gas turbine generator to be built in the southern region of Libya, with a photovoltaic (PV) power plant of the same capacity (100 MW,), as a clean and inexhaustible alternative. Solar irradiance in the region of 2300 kWh/m* annually, and sunshine duration is 3500 h/year. Consideration is given to long-term planning for power generation, limitation of fossil fuel resources in the country and technical experience to be gained in the field of solar power generation. It is the only viable option for the post oil era. Over the plant’s life of about 20 years, the PV power plant is found to be more economic in this region, even without taking into account the society’s cost due to the emission of more than a half million tonnes of air pollutants annually. 96/00584 Photovoltalc systems slrlng for Algerla Hadj Arab, A. et al., Solar Energy, Feb. 1995, 54, (2), 99-104. The purpose of this work is lo develop an optimization method applicable to stand-alone photovoltaic systems as a function of its reliability. For a given loss-of-load probability, there are many combinations of battery capacity and photovoltaic array peak power. The problem consists in determining the couple which corresponds lo a minimum total system cost. The method has been applied to various areas all over Algeria taking into account various climatic zones. The parameter used to define the different climatic zones is the clearness index KT for all the considered sites. The
periodof the simulationsystemis 10 years. 96lOO585 1975-2010
Photovoltalc technologies. A hlstory and forecast
Maycock, P. Solar Today, Nov.-Dec. 1995, 9, (6), 26-29. Discusses successful photovoltaic applications, which coupled with the decreased costs of PV modules from new plants being built in 1995-1997 make it likely that PV will become a commonplace, environmental benign electrical generation option. 96100586
Photovoltalc technology: Basic concepts slzlng of a stand alone photovoltalc system for domestlc appllcatlons and prellmlnary economic analysis
Sharma, V. K. er al., Energy Convers. Mgmt., Mar. 1995, 36, (3), 161-174. Describes a short descriptive outline, both for the processes that occur in the photovoltaic effect and the simplest form of a stand alone photovoltaic system. System sizing, description of a few small to medium capacity PV installations, preliminary economic analysis, the information needs for diffusing this technology into rural areas with particular reference lo developing countries etc. are other main subtopics discussed.
36
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996
96lQQ587 Plant for gasification of fossil fuels solar heater Yamauchi, Y. (Assigned 10) Mitsubishi Heavy Ind. Ltd., JAP. Pat. JP.O7,82,574, Mar. 1995. Q6lOO500 Prospects and proposals for solar energy education programmer
Hasnain, S. M. et al., Applied Energy, 1995, 52, (2), 307-314. Scientists have established a bright future for solar energy utilization through their Research, Development and Demonstration (R,D&DP) activities, but they paid less attention to solar energy education, necessary for effective dissemination of solar energy technologies. Therefore, in this paper, propects and proposals on the development of proper education programmes for every stage of education and the initiation of solar energy awareness programmes for the public are discussed. 96/00589
Prototype experimental plant for the Interseasonal storage of solar energ for the winter heating of buildings: Description of plant ancyIts functions
Oliveti, G. and Arcuri, N. Solar Energy, Feb. 1995, 54, (2), 85-97. The definitive version of an experimental heating plant for buildings which uses thermal energy extracted from an underground water tank heated solely by the sun with interseasonal storage is presented. The entire plant was planned and its functions simulated using calculus codes established at the University of Calabria, Italy.
PV-powered water pumplng and desallnatlon plant for remote areas In Saud1 Arabla
96lQQ590
Alawaji, S. er al., Applied Energy, 1995, 52, (2), 283-289. It is important to supply sufficient good quality water to remote areas to satisfy various needs. Due lo the high insolation intensities in Saudi Arabia, solar energy was selected to supply electric power to the equipment used in the desalination plant, i.e. submersible pump, reverse osmosis unit, storage batteries, etc. The plant is now under continuous operation (24 h per day). In the paper, the various pieces of equipment in the PV systems and their primary operation and performance are discussed. 96/00591
Racing wlth the sun. Sunrayce 95
Solar Today, Nov.-Dec. 1995, 9, (6), 33-35. Describes the Sunrayce 95, a biennial cross-country solar car race for college students in the USA.
Coe, M.
96/00592 Real-tlme slmulatlon of solar klln drying of tlmber Steinmann, D. E. Solar Energy, May 1995, 54, (5), 309-315. A major problem in optimizing solar kiln design and control is that natural weather conditions cannot be repeated in consecutive drying runs. All results are, therefore, dependent on the specific weather conditions during any given drying run. The construction and testing of a simulation system to overcome this problem of non-repeatability is described. 96lQO593
Rellablllty
and
economic
analysis
of a power gen-
eratlon system lncludlng a photovoltalc system
Jain, A. et al., Energy Convers. Mgmt., Mar. 1995, 36, (3), 183-189. A method for the reliability evaluation of an electric power generation system with a photovoltaic system is presented in this paper. An economic analysis of the system in terms of conventional fuel savings due to use of the photovoltaic system is also done. The fluctuating nature of the energy produced by the photovoltaic generation system has a different effect on the overall system reliability than the energy produced by conventional units. Here, conventional and photovoltaic units are combined into separate groups. 96100594
Simple approaches to modelllng solar radlatlon In
the Arctlc Young, K. L. et al., Solar Energy, Jan. 1995, 54, (l), 33-40. Solar radiation was modelled for an Arctic location using hourly and twice daily meteorological data. Results indicate that a total cloud model (TC,) employing cloud opacity data and cloud layer models (CL utilizing cloud opacity and cloud amount data (CL,) perform equally well; and they are better than a total cloud model (TC, employing cloud amount data. The performance of TC,,, CL,, and CL,. models improve greatly when averaged over 4 days, indicating the feasibility of utilizing rudimentary meteorological observations to broaden the radiation database for the vast Arctic region of North America. 96100595
Slmulatlon and optlmlzatlon of energy systems for In-bln drylng of canola grain (rapeseed)
Schoenau, G. J. et al., Energy Cowers. Mgmr., Jan. 1995, 36, (l), 41-59. Energy utilization systems optimization and management strategies for inbin drying of canola were investigated by using a validated computer simulation model and typical weather data for a prairie location in North America. The use of different energy systems, including natural gas, propane, electricity, solar energy, and combined natural gas and solar energy for drying grain within 15 days with airflow rates of 0.5-2m”/min 1, initial grain moisture contents of 13, 16 and 19%, and three harvest dates in August, September and October, was simulated for 10% and 8% mositure contents average-dry and through-dry policies.