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00791 Elastic modulus and the measurement of structural ceramics at cryogenic temperatures
13
12 REFRACTORIES/CERAMICS
Space heating and cooling
96100000 Zeolltes Eyde, T. H. Min. Eng. (Littletoy, Cola.), 1995, 47, (6), 559-560. Discusses the production of zeohtes, Cation-exchange capacity, sorption capacity, chemical composition, and stability of the zeolites.
Properties, Production, Applications Ceramic coating catalysts for oxidation of carbon monoxide In combustion gases Morel. S. et al., Hum-Wiad. Hum., 1995, 62, (2), 60-64. (In Polish) Describes the environmental problems caused bJ CO and oiher toxic.gas emissions. A method lo limit the quantity of combustion gases is specified, detailing mainly catalytic combustion.
96lOO769
Chromlte 96lOQ790 Papp, J. F. Min. Eng. (Littleron, Cola.), 1995, 47, (6), 541-542. Discusses the production, pricing, and refractory uses of chromite. Elastic modulus and the measurement of structural 96100791 ceramics at cryogenic temperatures Ota, K. Cryogenics, 1995, 35, (ll), 735-737. The elastic moduli of the structural ceramics alumina and zirconia were measured in the temperature range 500-50 K by using the resonant freuency of the test specimens. The elastic modulus increased linearly with 1ecreasing temperature in the range 500-200 K, but nonlinear relationships between the elastic modulus and temperature were observed below 200 K. Hot corrosion mechanism of slllcon nltrlde based 96100792 ceramics exposed to coal slag contalnlng potasslum sulfate Yu, 2. B. et al., Proc. Mater. Res. Sot. Symp. Fractal Aspects of Materials, 1995, 367, 453-458.
The paper discusses the corrosion of three kinds of silicon nitride-based ceramics by static liquid potassium sulphate-coal slag immersion at high temperatures. 96lOO793
Llthlum McCracken, D. J. Min. Eng. (Litfleton, Colo.), 1995, 47, (6), 547-548. Discusses the production, pricing, and ceramic applications of lithium minerals. 96100794
Manufacture of A-type zeolltes Inoe, K. et al., (Assigned ro) Kogyo Gijutsuin, JAP. Pat. JP.O7,109,117,
Apr. 1995. The process for the manufacture of A-type zeolites comprises heating mix-
tures containing fly ash and solid NaOH at 90-180” for more than 60 minutes, preferably at 100-150’for 5-20 h; mixing with NaOH and water; and hydrothermal reacting the slurries. The mixtures may contain 5:l to 1:2 (wt.ratio) of fly ash and solid NaOH. Manufacture of ceramic products from lnclneratlon ::1°7g5 Nagai, S. Jan. 1995.
(Assigned lo) Takasago Kogyo KK, JAP. Pat. JP.O7,17,757,
96100796
Ollvlne F$royd, B. and Solheim, S. Min. Eng. (Littleton, Co/o.), 1995, 47, (6), p. Discusses the production, properties, and refractory/foundry uses of olivine. Preparation of B.&-SIC composites by reactive chemical vapour deposition from a gaseous BCI,-SIC&-H phase Vincent. C. er al.. Materials at Hinh Temoeratures. 1995. 13, (1s. 17-28. The paper focuseson the reactive &emical’vapour dkposition of c&nposite B&-SIC coatings onto porous graphite substrates from a BCIS-SiCl,H, vapour phase. The mixed layer seems to exhibit promising properties such as oxidation resistance. However, its preparation as a thin film from the vapour is very difficult owing to the cdmilexity of the system. The experimental oarameters such as temoerature. number of moles H,. and the amountlof BCl, and SiCl, in thd react& vapour phase are sysiimatically discussed. The results are compared with a thermodynamic approach. Also reports investigations on boron and boron silicide coatings. 96100797
Properties of mullite synthesized from fly ash and alumina mixture Huang, X. et al,, Interceram, 1995, 44, (Z), 65-66, 69-71. The objective of this study was lo demonstrate the feasibility of synthesizing mullite from beneficiated fly ash and alumina powder mixture. Asreceived and beneficiated fly ash of both class F and C were used to synthesize mullite. 96lOO796
13 SPACE HEATING AND COOLING A gregatlonldlsaggregation method for optlmal control of multBzone HVAC svstems Rink, R. E. and Li, N. Energy C&vers. Mgmt., Feb. 1995,36, (2), 79-86. The problem of minimum-cost control of a multizone cooling system is considered, for the case where chilled-water storage capacity is substantial and electrical energy is offered at discounted price during off-peak hours of the day. The optimization problem is solved using state-increment dynamic programming, but limited to state spaces of low dimensionality through a sequential aggregation/disaggregation procedure. Near optimal results are obtained. demonstrating that substantial savinns of enemv cost are feasible by optimal use of storaie, that these savings Ge not higmy sensitive 10 the accuracy of cooling-load forecasts and that the re uired operating schedules can be determined with modest computationa9 effort even for buildings with large numbers of zones. 96100801
Alr condltlonlng Samuelsson-Brown, G. et al., Bldg. Serv. Environ. Engr., Jun. 1995, 18, (lo), 17-26. Three short articles on aspects of air conditioning. Also gives an overview of new air conditioning equipment and products available in the UK, plus BSRlA research projects. 96lOQ002
Alr condltloning and refrlgeratlon - The maln contrlbutors to the destructlon of the ozone layer? Kalte! Jul. 1995, 48, (7), 490-492. (In German) A review of the 1995 Greenpeace study ‘No all-clear for the ozone layer and the earth’s climate’, which is a report on sources of fluorocarbons, CFCs and HCFCs. The air conditioning and refrigeration industries are identified as the chief culprits for both ozone layer destruction and the greenhouse effect. 96100003
Alr condltlonlng control In troplcal climates 96loQao4 Laracy, J. W. AIRAH J., Jun. 1995, 49, (6), 34-38. Discusses the features of air conditioning systems that are unique lo tropical climates. Anal lcal and numerlcal study of a controlled96100805 environment agrIyt cultural system for hot and dry cllmatlc condltlons Sutar, R. F. and Tiwari, G. N. Energy & Buildings, 1995, 23, (1), 9-18. An analytical study of a controlled-environment agricultural system for the hot and dry climate of Delhi has been carried out in terms of design parameters to provide favourable environmental conditions for the optimal growth of plants. The effect of water flow over the greenhouse has also been incorporated in the thermal analysis. It is observed, analytically and numerically that the flowrate of the water should be large lo achieve minimum thermal flux into the controlled-environment agricultural system. 1995 ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC appllcatlons, SI :%Z”” USAASHRAE, Ref697, ISBN l-883413-23-0, 1995. 96/00807 ASHRAE’s new Application Guide for absorption cooling/refrigeration using recovered heat Dorgan, C. B. et al., ASHRAE J., Jul. 1995, 37, (7), 31-37. The authors describe the new ASHRAE Guide. The guide provides procedures for determining the economic application of absorption technology for a specific application. Benchmarking -The key to unlocking performance imorovements In district enerav Brider, K. A. Distr. Energy, 1997,:80, (4), 29-32. Describes the concept of benchmarking, wherein an organisation compares its own performance, processes and strategies with those of competitors and organisations, and uses this comparison to achieve improvements in performance and profitability. Explains the eight steps of benchmarking.
96lOO808
Building energy management systems Nicholls, J. er al., Energy in Bldgs. & Industry, Sep. 1995, 14, (8), 30-39. Five short articles dealing with building energy management systems. 96lQQ009
96lOO610
Building services legislation. 3rd Edition
BSRIA Reading Guide RG.14195, BSRIA, Old Bracknell Lane West. Bracknell. Berkshire. RG12 7AH.I UK.I 05.00 (members) f25.00 (non-members); i23 pp. ’
Johansson, M.
Wear protection in coal processing plants Husmann, H. er al., Glueckauf; 1995, 131, (5), 210-216. (In German) The paper discusses the application of abrasion-resistant coatings of +!ZO, ceramics in hard coal dressing for the wear protection of flotation tadmgs pipes, groove to the circular thickener, joint pipes, and separators, etc. 96100799
The new edition replaces the 1993 edition. Provides a list of legislation which should be considered when designing, installing and operating building services.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996
49
12 REFRACTORIES/CERAMICS
Space heating and cooling
96100000 Zeolltes Eyde, T. H. Min. Eng. (Littletoy, Cola.), 1995, 47, (6), 559-560. Discusses the production of zeohtes, Cation-exchange capacity, sorption capacity, chemical composition, and stability of the zeolites.
Properties, Production, Applications Ceramic coating catalysts for oxidation of carbon monoxide In combustion gases Morel. S. et al., Hum-Wiad. Hum., 1995, 62, (2), 60-64. (In Polish) Describes the environmental problems caused bJ CO and oiher toxic.gas emissions. A method lo limit the quantity of combustion gases is specified, detailing mainly catalytic combustion.
96lOO769
Chromlte 96lOQ790 Papp, J. F. Min. Eng. (Littleron, Cola.), 1995, 47, (6), 541-542. Discusses the production, pricing, and refractory uses of chromite. Elastic modulus and the measurement of structural 96100791 ceramics at cryogenic temperatures Ota, K. Cryogenics, 1995, 35, (ll), 735-737. The elastic moduli of the structural ceramics alumina and zirconia were measured in the temperature range 500-50 K by using the resonant freuency of the test specimens. The elastic modulus increased linearly with 1ecreasing temperature in the range 500-200 K, but nonlinear relationships between the elastic modulus and temperature were observed below 200 K. Hot corrosion mechanism of slllcon nltrlde based 96100792 ceramics exposed to coal slag contalnlng potasslum sulfate Yu, 2. B. et al., Proc. Mater. Res. Sot. Symp. Fractal Aspects of Materials, 1995, 367, 453-458.
The paper discusses the corrosion of three kinds of silicon nitride-based ceramics by static liquid potassium sulphate-coal slag immersion at high temperatures. 96lOO793
Llthlum McCracken, D. J. Min. Eng. (Litfleton, Colo.), 1995, 47, (6), 547-548. Discusses the production, pricing, and ceramic applications of lithium minerals. 96100794
Manufacture of A-type zeolltes Inoe, K. et al., (Assigned ro) Kogyo Gijutsuin, JAP. Pat. JP.O7,109,117,
Apr. 1995. The process for the manufacture of A-type zeolites comprises heating mix-
tures containing fly ash and solid NaOH at 90-180” for more than 60 minutes, preferably at 100-150’for 5-20 h; mixing with NaOH and water; and hydrothermal reacting the slurries. The mixtures may contain 5:l to 1:2 (wt.ratio) of fly ash and solid NaOH. Manufacture of ceramic products from lnclneratlon ::1°7g5 Nagai, S. Jan. 1995.
(Assigned lo) Takasago Kogyo KK, JAP. Pat. JP.O7,17,757,
96100796
Ollvlne F$royd, B. and Solheim, S. Min. Eng. (Littleton, Co/o.), 1995, 47, (6), p. Discusses the production, properties, and refractory/foundry uses of olivine. Preparation of B.&-SIC composites by reactive chemical vapour deposition from a gaseous BCI,-SIC&-H phase Vincent. C. er al.. Materials at Hinh Temoeratures. 1995. 13, (1s. 17-28. The paper focuseson the reactive &emical’vapour dkposition of c&nposite B&-SIC coatings onto porous graphite substrates from a BCIS-SiCl,H, vapour phase. The mixed layer seems to exhibit promising properties such as oxidation resistance. However, its preparation as a thin film from the vapour is very difficult owing to the cdmilexity of the system. The experimental oarameters such as temoerature. number of moles H,. and the amountlof BCl, and SiCl, in thd react& vapour phase are sysiimatically discussed. The results are compared with a thermodynamic approach. Also reports investigations on boron and boron silicide coatings. 96100797
Properties of mullite synthesized from fly ash and alumina mixture Huang, X. et al,, Interceram, 1995, 44, (Z), 65-66, 69-71. The objective of this study was lo demonstrate the feasibility of synthesizing mullite from beneficiated fly ash and alumina powder mixture. Asreceived and beneficiated fly ash of both class F and C were used to synthesize mullite. 96lOO796
13 SPACE HEATING AND COOLING A gregatlonldlsaggregation method for optlmal control of multBzone HVAC svstems Rink, R. E. and Li, N. Energy C&vers. Mgmt., Feb. 1995,36, (2), 79-86. The problem of minimum-cost control of a multizone cooling system is considered, for the case where chilled-water storage capacity is substantial and electrical energy is offered at discounted price during off-peak hours of the day. The optimization problem is solved using state-increment dynamic programming, but limited to state spaces of low dimensionality through a sequential aggregation/disaggregation procedure. Near optimal results are obtained. demonstrating that substantial savinns of enemv cost are feasible by optimal use of storaie, that these savings Ge not higmy sensitive 10 the accuracy of cooling-load forecasts and that the re uired operating schedules can be determined with modest computationa9 effort even for buildings with large numbers of zones. 96100801
Alr condltlonlng Samuelsson-Brown, G. et al., Bldg. Serv. Environ. Engr., Jun. 1995, 18, (lo), 17-26. Three short articles on aspects of air conditioning. Also gives an overview of new air conditioning equipment and products available in the UK, plus BSRlA research projects. 96lOQ002
Alr condltloning and refrlgeratlon - The maln contrlbutors to the destructlon of the ozone layer? Kalte! Jul. 1995, 48, (7), 490-492. (In German) A review of the 1995 Greenpeace study ‘No all-clear for the ozone layer and the earth’s climate’, which is a report on sources of fluorocarbons, CFCs and HCFCs. The air conditioning and refrigeration industries are identified as the chief culprits for both ozone layer destruction and the greenhouse effect. 96100003
Alr condltlonlng control In troplcal climates 96loQao4 Laracy, J. W. AIRAH J., Jun. 1995, 49, (6), 34-38. Discusses the features of air conditioning systems that are unique lo tropical climates. Anal lcal and numerlcal study of a controlled96100805 environment agrIyt cultural system for hot and dry cllmatlc condltlons Sutar, R. F. and Tiwari, G. N. Energy & Buildings, 1995, 23, (1), 9-18. An analytical study of a controlled-environment agricultural system for the hot and dry climate of Delhi has been carried out in terms of design parameters to provide favourable environmental conditions for the optimal growth of plants. The effect of water flow over the greenhouse has also been incorporated in the thermal analysis. It is observed, analytically and numerically that the flowrate of the water should be large lo achieve minimum thermal flux into the controlled-environment agricultural system. 1995 ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC appllcatlons, SI :%Z”” USAASHRAE, Ref697, ISBN l-883413-23-0, 1995. 96/00807 ASHRAE’s new Application Guide for absorption cooling/refrigeration using recovered heat Dorgan, C. B. et al., ASHRAE J., Jul. 1995, 37, (7), 31-37. The authors describe the new ASHRAE Guide. The guide provides procedures for determining the economic application of absorption technology for a specific application. Benchmarking -The key to unlocking performance imorovements In district enerav Brider, K. A. Distr. Energy, 1997,:80, (4), 29-32. Describes the concept of benchmarking, wherein an organisation compares its own performance, processes and strategies with those of competitors and organisations, and uses this comparison to achieve improvements in performance and profitability. Explains the eight steps of benchmarking.
96lOO808
Building energy management systems Nicholls, J. er al., Energy in Bldgs. & Industry, Sep. 1995, 14, (8), 30-39. Five short articles dealing with building energy management systems. 96lQQ009
96lOO610
Building services legislation. 3rd Edition
BSRIA Reading Guide RG.14195, BSRIA, Old Bracknell Lane West. Bracknell. Berkshire. RG12 7AH.I UK.I 05.00 (members) f25.00 (non-members); i23 pp. ’
Johansson, M.
Wear protection in coal processing plants Husmann, H. er al., Glueckauf; 1995, 131, (5), 210-216. (In German) The paper discusses the application of abrasion-resistant coatings of +!ZO, ceramics in hard coal dressing for the wear protection of flotation tadmgs pipes, groove to the circular thickener, joint pipes, and separators, etc. 96100799
The new edition replaces the 1993 edition. Provides a list of legislation which should be considered when designing, installing and operating building services.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996
49