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01094 Modelling vegetation heterogeneity effects on terrestrial water and Energy balances
76 Fuel science and technology (fundamental
science, analysis, instrumentation)
Method for interpolation of 2-D histogram data: 96/01091 Application to mineral liberation data Lyman, G. .I.
Powder
Technol., 1995, 83, (2) 133-138.
Discussion of a number of problems in mineral processing demands that the distribution of material over composition and size ranges are described. The description of the progressive liberation of ore componnets with grinding is one such problem. Coal particles distribution as a function of particle size and density is another common problem. Invariably, the methods of analysis of mineral mixtures lead to a description of the materials in terms of discrete size and composition classes, but subsequent calculations using the material description benefit from the use of an interpolated version of the original data.
96101092
Methods of oil shale analysis
Miknis, F. P. NATO ASI Ser., Ser. C, Composilion, Geochemistry & Conversion of Oil Shales, 1995, (455), 191-209. The Fischer assay is the traditional method for determining the oil potnetial of an oil shale. However, the Fischer assay is a specification test and does not provide much information about the quantity or quality of the organic matter in the sediment. A number of other measurements have been suggested to complement or replace the Fischer assay. These include pyrolysis, chromatography, densimetric, thermophysical, spectroscopic and elemental analysis methods.
96101093 Borenstein,
Mlcrobiologlcally Influenced corrosion handbook S. W.
Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, f65.00,
288
96/01090
One-dimensional description of the average polycyclic aromatic unlt In Pocahontas No. 3 coal: An X-ray scatterIng study
Wertz, D. L. and Bissell, M. Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1431-1435. The radial distribution method was used to examine the non-crystalline portion of a low-volatile bituminous coal, Pocahontas No. 3, from Buchanan County, VA, USA. This coal, one of the Argonne Premium Coal Sample Programme, was used as received for X-ray absorption/diffraction/scattering experiments. The diffraction due to the crystalline minerals contained in the coal and due to the graphene layering peak was removed from the amorphous scattering component. The latter was fitted to the self-scattering curve constructed from the scattering factor for carbon and the difference was Fourier transformed to obtain the onedimensional structural details of the average short-range structural unit in this coal. 96101099
Problems with the quantltatlve evaluation of structural parameters of heterogeneous materials by solid-state ‘“C NMR spectroscopy Pavlikova, H. and Cerny, J. Chem. Listy, 1995, 89, (7) 403-409. (In Czech) Discusses solid state 13C NMR and difficulties accompanying the measurement of heterogeneous materials, such as coal and related materials. Though the technique of i3C CPMAS NMR has many indisputable advantages-in measuring heterogeneous materials one is dealing with various problems, some of which are outlined in the paper. Also discussed is optimum experimental conditions for the quantitative NMR measurement of coal and related materials.
PP.
The handbook is a introduction to the interdisciplinary roles of microbiology, metallurgy, and electrochemistry as they relate to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Discusses the methods for detecting, monitoring and preventing MIC.
96101094
Modelllng ve etation heterogeneity effects on terrestrial water and energy ! alances
Silberstein, 477-484.
R. P. and Sivapalan,
M.
Environmenf Int., 1995, 21, (S),
A model of terrestrial water and energy balances is applied to a catchment with heterogeneous vegetation cover. The model couples the surface energy balance with the soil and surface water balance. The catchment is modelled as a nest of one-dimensional models (on a scale of approximately 1 km2). The scheme allows for a known distribution of patches of different, but known, characteristics which can be integrated to give a total area1 response to atmospheric boundary layer conditions. The Conjurunup catchment, in the south-west region of Western Australia, has a patchwork surface of vegetation and soil moisture conditions resulting from a combination of forestry and mining practices.
A new Instrument for radiation heat flux measure96101095 ment - Analysis and parameter selection Martins, N. er al., Heat Recovery Sys. CHP, Nov. 1995, 15, (8), 787-796. Discusses how in a number of combustion chambers, differentiation between radiation and convective heat transfer on the surface is a problem of substantial interest.
Non-destructive characterlzatlon using pulsed fast96101096 thermal neutrons Womble, P. C. et al., 99, (l), 757-760.
Nucl. Instrum. Methods
Phys. Res., Sect. B, 1995,
Explosives, illicit drugs, and other contraband materials contain various chemical elements in quantities and ratios that differentiate them from each other and from innocuous substances. Furthermore, the major chemical elements in coal can provide information about various parameters of importance to the coal industry. In both examples, the non-destructive identification of chemical elements can be performed using pulsed fastthermal neutrons that, through nuclear reactions, excite the nuclei of the various elements.
96101097
Nuclear mlcroscopy for the study of coal combustlon related phenomena
96101100
Quantitative assay of blosolublllzed coal by UVspectrophotometry
Shin, H. J. et al., Biotechnol. Tech., 1995, 9, (5). 329-332. Describes the development of a simple UV-&e&photometric assay for biosolubilized coals. An optimum wavelength for the assay was 430-470 nm.
96/01101 Raman spectroscopy of the charge transfer complex CrrFL&& Muthu, D. V. et al., Fullerene Science & Technol., 1995, 3, (6), 755-764. The authors report on a Raman study on powder samples of the charge transfer complex (lTF),&,Br, at room temperature.
96101102 Relatlonshlp between random and maxlmum vltrlnite reflectance Koch, J. and Gunther, M. Fuel, Nov. 1995, 74, (ll), 1687-1691. Published equations for the calculation of maximum reflectance from random reflectance data are, as shown by comparison with the authors’ data, applicable only up to 1.8% R,,. At higher coalification they result in too low values because of the non-linear increased in R,,. Based on 210 measurements, linear regression equations are presented for the calculation of R,,, from I$ and vice versa which are applicable between 1% and 4% R,, together with non-linear functions which cover the total coalification range up to graphite.
96/01103 Second law optlmlsatlon of a latent heat storage system with PCMs having different melting polnts Watanabe, T. and Kanzawa, A. Heat Recovery Sys. CHP, Oct. 1995, 15, (7), 641-653. Discusses how the exergy efficieny as well as the charging and discharging rates in a latent heat storage system can be improved by the use of phase change materials with different melting points.
96101104 quality
A sensor array for measurement of Indoor air
Wenger, J. D. et al., Indoor Air - An Integrated Approach, Elsevier Publishers, Oxford, UK, 1995, 87-90. The paper describes the development of a sensor array to measure indoor air quality. A field study was undertaken to collect sensor data and concurrent sensory panel judgements in decipol from a large number and variety of spaces over a wide range of climatic conditions.
Cereda, E. et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B., 1995, 99, (l), 414-418.
96101105
The Oxford Scanning Proton Microprobe was used to determine the major and trace element concentrations at the single particle level in fly ashes collected at the inlet and outlet of the electrostatic precipitators of a coalfired power plant. The results provide valuable information about the particle formation mechanisms upon combustion, the fly ash collection process within electrostatic precipitators and the environmental impact associated with the emission of particulate matter.
De Filippis, P. ef al., Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1537-1539. A simple and quick test method was developed to distinguish thermally cracked materials, especially visbreaker residues and bitumens, from untracked products, such as straight-run distillation bitumens and residues. The method is based on the reactivity of thermal residues and bitumens with phosphoric acid to form high-molecular-weight products that are clearly visible as black spots in a thin film of the treated material.
66
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996
A simple test method for dlstlngulshlng stralghtrun from thermal (vlsbreaker) residues or bitumens
science, analysis, instrumentation)
Method for interpolation of 2-D histogram data: 96/01091 Application to mineral liberation data Lyman, G. .I.
Powder
Technol., 1995, 83, (2) 133-138.
Discussion of a number of problems in mineral processing demands that the distribution of material over composition and size ranges are described. The description of the progressive liberation of ore componnets with grinding is one such problem. Coal particles distribution as a function of particle size and density is another common problem. Invariably, the methods of analysis of mineral mixtures lead to a description of the materials in terms of discrete size and composition classes, but subsequent calculations using the material description benefit from the use of an interpolated version of the original data.
96101092
Methods of oil shale analysis
Miknis, F. P. NATO ASI Ser., Ser. C, Composilion, Geochemistry & Conversion of Oil Shales, 1995, (455), 191-209. The Fischer assay is the traditional method for determining the oil potnetial of an oil shale. However, the Fischer assay is a specification test and does not provide much information about the quantity or quality of the organic matter in the sediment. A number of other measurements have been suggested to complement or replace the Fischer assay. These include pyrolysis, chromatography, densimetric, thermophysical, spectroscopic and elemental analysis methods.
96101093 Borenstein,
Mlcrobiologlcally Influenced corrosion handbook S. W.
Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, f65.00,
288
96/01090
One-dimensional description of the average polycyclic aromatic unlt In Pocahontas No. 3 coal: An X-ray scatterIng study
Wertz, D. L. and Bissell, M. Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1431-1435. The radial distribution method was used to examine the non-crystalline portion of a low-volatile bituminous coal, Pocahontas No. 3, from Buchanan County, VA, USA. This coal, one of the Argonne Premium Coal Sample Programme, was used as received for X-ray absorption/diffraction/scattering experiments. The diffraction due to the crystalline minerals contained in the coal and due to the graphene layering peak was removed from the amorphous scattering component. The latter was fitted to the self-scattering curve constructed from the scattering factor for carbon and the difference was Fourier transformed to obtain the onedimensional structural details of the average short-range structural unit in this coal. 96101099
Problems with the quantltatlve evaluation of structural parameters of heterogeneous materials by solid-state ‘“C NMR spectroscopy Pavlikova, H. and Cerny, J. Chem. Listy, 1995, 89, (7) 403-409. (In Czech) Discusses solid state 13C NMR and difficulties accompanying the measurement of heterogeneous materials, such as coal and related materials. Though the technique of i3C CPMAS NMR has many indisputable advantages-in measuring heterogeneous materials one is dealing with various problems, some of which are outlined in the paper. Also discussed is optimum experimental conditions for the quantitative NMR measurement of coal and related materials.
PP.
The handbook is a introduction to the interdisciplinary roles of microbiology, metallurgy, and electrochemistry as they relate to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Discusses the methods for detecting, monitoring and preventing MIC.
96101094
Modelllng ve etation heterogeneity effects on terrestrial water and energy ! alances
Silberstein, 477-484.
R. P. and Sivapalan,
M.
Environmenf Int., 1995, 21, (S),
A model of terrestrial water and energy balances is applied to a catchment with heterogeneous vegetation cover. The model couples the surface energy balance with the soil and surface water balance. The catchment is modelled as a nest of one-dimensional models (on a scale of approximately 1 km2). The scheme allows for a known distribution of patches of different, but known, characteristics which can be integrated to give a total area1 response to atmospheric boundary layer conditions. The Conjurunup catchment, in the south-west region of Western Australia, has a patchwork surface of vegetation and soil moisture conditions resulting from a combination of forestry and mining practices.
A new Instrument for radiation heat flux measure96101095 ment - Analysis and parameter selection Martins, N. er al., Heat Recovery Sys. CHP, Nov. 1995, 15, (8), 787-796. Discusses how in a number of combustion chambers, differentiation between radiation and convective heat transfer on the surface is a problem of substantial interest.
Non-destructive characterlzatlon using pulsed fast96101096 thermal neutrons Womble, P. C. et al., 99, (l), 757-760.
Nucl. Instrum. Methods
Phys. Res., Sect. B, 1995,
Explosives, illicit drugs, and other contraband materials contain various chemical elements in quantities and ratios that differentiate them from each other and from innocuous substances. Furthermore, the major chemical elements in coal can provide information about various parameters of importance to the coal industry. In both examples, the non-destructive identification of chemical elements can be performed using pulsed fastthermal neutrons that, through nuclear reactions, excite the nuclei of the various elements.
96101097
Nuclear mlcroscopy for the study of coal combustlon related phenomena
96101100
Quantitative assay of blosolublllzed coal by UVspectrophotometry
Shin, H. J. et al., Biotechnol. Tech., 1995, 9, (5). 329-332. Describes the development of a simple UV-&e&photometric assay for biosolubilized coals. An optimum wavelength for the assay was 430-470 nm.
96/01101 Raman spectroscopy of the charge transfer complex CrrFL&& Muthu, D. V. et al., Fullerene Science & Technol., 1995, 3, (6), 755-764. The authors report on a Raman study on powder samples of the charge transfer complex (lTF),&,Br, at room temperature.
96101102 Relatlonshlp between random and maxlmum vltrlnite reflectance Koch, J. and Gunther, M. Fuel, Nov. 1995, 74, (ll), 1687-1691. Published equations for the calculation of maximum reflectance from random reflectance data are, as shown by comparison with the authors’ data, applicable only up to 1.8% R,,. At higher coalification they result in too low values because of the non-linear increased in R,,. Based on 210 measurements, linear regression equations are presented for the calculation of R,,, from I$ and vice versa which are applicable between 1% and 4% R,, together with non-linear functions which cover the total coalification range up to graphite.
96/01103 Second law optlmlsatlon of a latent heat storage system with PCMs having different melting polnts Watanabe, T. and Kanzawa, A. Heat Recovery Sys. CHP, Oct. 1995, 15, (7), 641-653. Discusses how the exergy efficieny as well as the charging and discharging rates in a latent heat storage system can be improved by the use of phase change materials with different melting points.
96101104 quality
A sensor array for measurement of Indoor air
Wenger, J. D. et al., Indoor Air - An Integrated Approach, Elsevier Publishers, Oxford, UK, 1995, 87-90. The paper describes the development of a sensor array to measure indoor air quality. A field study was undertaken to collect sensor data and concurrent sensory panel judgements in decipol from a large number and variety of spaces over a wide range of climatic conditions.
Cereda, E. et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B., 1995, 99, (l), 414-418.
96101105
The Oxford Scanning Proton Microprobe was used to determine the major and trace element concentrations at the single particle level in fly ashes collected at the inlet and outlet of the electrostatic precipitators of a coalfired power plant. The results provide valuable information about the particle formation mechanisms upon combustion, the fly ash collection process within electrostatic precipitators and the environmental impact associated with the emission of particulate matter.
De Filippis, P. ef al., Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1537-1539. A simple and quick test method was developed to distinguish thermally cracked materials, especially visbreaker residues and bitumens, from untracked products, such as straight-run distillation bitumens and residues. The method is based on the reactivity of thermal residues and bitumens with phosphoric acid to form high-molecular-weight products that are clearly visible as black spots in a thin film of the treated material.
66
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996
A simple test method for dlstlngulshlng stralghtrun from thermal (vlsbreaker) residues or bitumens