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01376 Hydrotreatment of naphtha with molybdenum nitride catalysts
02
Catalysts
96lo1361 Yoshimura, Hokoku,
Y.
et aL,
for upgrading Busshitsu
Kogaku
coal-dsrlved Kogvo
olla Gijutsu
Kenkyusho
1995, 3, (2), 145-158. @I Japanese) Describes how coal-derived oils were hydrotreated in two-stage catalytic processes or in single stage co-refining catalytic processes to produce lnghquality oils. 96lO1362 Catalytic deh drogenatlon of coal llqudled prodfrom coal ucts: An altrrnatlve route L produw naphthalrnes Nomura, hf. et nL, Energy Fuels, 1995, 9. (3). 936-937. Catal tic &hydrogenation of heavy naphtha and li t oil fractions of the coal- Eydroliquefied products fmm three kinds of Pltuminous coals, was carried out using a 5% Pd/C catalyst. Irres aive of the original coals, naphthalcne (15-36 wt.%) and methylnaph tr alcne (27-34 wt.%) arc the major components of coal oil fractions after dehydrogenation.
Liquid
fuels
(derived
liquid
II&S)
h(CO),-sulfur-catalyaed coal Ilqurfsctlon In H,Q 96101371 CO svstems Watanabe, Y. et al., Fuel, Jan. 1996, 75, (l), 46-50. In the liauefaction of Yalloum, Wvomina Wandoan and Illinois No. 6 coals, U&I water and carbon &ono:ide &a hydrogen source, iron pentacnrbonyl, %e&G),. together with sulphur acts as an excellent catalyst percursor. The coal conversion and the oil and asphaltene yields depnd greatly on the amount of added water, CO pressure and es temperature. The liquefaction of Yallourn coal (2.Og) at 3v”’5 C for ‘caa?l 60 mm with 1.1 g water and 7.0 MPa (cold CO in the presence of Fe&O) sulphur gives a coal conversion of 95. 2wt% with the oil yield of 37.0 wtd. The oil yield is further improved by controlling the reaction temperature. 96101372 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Orlovic, A. et a&, Hem. Ind, 1995,49, (4), 177-186. (In Se&o-Croatian) A review of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Topics discussed are FT catalysts, reac1ors, and mechanism and formulas describing FT kinetics.
se/o1
363 Characterization mud used aa hydrogenation
and deactivation of sulflded red wtalyst Alvercz, J. et a&, Apple CataL A, 1995, 128, (2), 259-273. Red mud, a residue in the reduction of alumina by the Bayer process, contains oxides of Fe and f* l, and can be active in sulphided form as a hydrogenation catalyst. The evolution of activity and selectivity of sulphided red mud with reaction time was studied for the hydrogenation of a hght fraction of an antbracene oil.
96101373 Fundamental prlnclples In the chemistry of copyrolysls of coal and plastic waste Von Hodek, W. et al., Erdoel, Erdgas, Kohle, 1995.111, (9). 376-378. (In German) Describes how bituminous coals are able to transfer chemical bound hvdrogcn to suitable substances.This ability can bc used 10 im~rovc the pr&uct quality in the pyrolysis of plastic waste towards higher yields of stable and saturated oils.
set01 364 Chemical structure changes In Condor shale oil and wtalytlc actlvltles durlng catalytic hydrotreatment Yoshida, R. et aL, Fuel, Jan. 1996, 75, (1). 99-102. Chemical structure changes in Condor shale oil during catalytic hydrotreatmerit were studied based on elemental analysis, ‘H-NMR analysis, TLC/FID and GCD. Catalytic activities of red-mud/sulphur and Ni-Mo catalysts were discussed as to the hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of structure units in addition to the removal of heteroatoms.
96101374 Heat emlsslon during interactlon of Donete Basin coals with oxygsn of air Saranchuk, V. 1. and Pashchenko, L. V. Khim. Tverd Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (4), 34-40. (In Russian) Discusseshow Donets Basin coals of the same rank have different reactivities for air 0 and give different heat of oxidation, which stems from genetic differences (defined as the degree of reduction) and different ro ensities for spontaneous ignition. The heat of oxidation of coals with a ii*lg 1 propensity for spontaneous ignition is 1.5-5 times higher than that for coals with low propensities for spontaneous ignition.
96lOl366 Coal-generated hydrowrbons In Talbel Drpresslon, Turpan-Haml Basin Su, A. et al., Diqiu Huaxue, 1995, 24, (2), 128-137. (In Chinese) Presents detailed studies of properties, types and maturity of petroleum and natural gas! the oil-source correlation, and the mechanism of generation and expulsion of coal-generated hydrocarbons. 96lO1366 Converting synthesis gas to branched hydrocarbons Song, X. and Sayari, A. CHEMTECH. 1995, 1995, 25, (g), 27-35. The authors demonstrate that sulphated ZrG, (S/Z) when used as a cocatalvst for CO hvdronenation. causes sinnificant channes in the comoosition ofhydrocarboi p&ucts; i.e. it increa&s the contenrof branched da&fins and decreases that of olefms. Small amounts of PI on S/Z are effective for stabilizing its activity. 96101387 Design solutions and experience In implementation of the system of combustion of water-coal fuel at the Novoslblrsk thermal power plant-6 Klobertants, A. Y. and Cherkasov, A. T. Energ. Stroit., 1995, (2), 43-46. (In Russian) Describes the design and implementation of coal water slurry combustion technology at the cogeneration plant. 96lOl366 The effect of tubular reactor orientation on convsrslon of coal to llquld products H&on, C. K. et al., Fuel, Jan. 1996, 75, (l), 43-45. Conversion of low-rank coal to liauid oroducts in tubular reactors decreased sharply when the reactors w&e mounted other than horizontally. The effect was greater for nactions in the absence of solvent than for those in the presence-of tetralin. Elemental composltion of asphaltsnes from coal 96101369 llauefactlon Dl Marco, I. et al., Fuel Sci Tech&. Int., 1995, 13, (lo), 1345-1353. Presents a study of elemental composition (C, H, N, S, 0) of asphaltenes isolated from coal liquids from liquefaction using Tetralin. 96/01370 Exfoliated MoS, catalysta In coal Ilquefaction Bockrath, B. C. and Parfitt, D. S. Catal. Lett., 1995, 33, (1). 201-207. A method for improved dispersion of MoS, to coal &uticies consists of exfoliation of MoS, layers, or exfoliation of Li-intercalated MoS, layers, in THF-water mixtures in the presence of coal. For the same amount of catalyst, a combination of reduction of MoS, stacking and improved walcatalyst dispersion was beneficial.
96101376 Hydro enatlon/dehydrogenatlon of multlcycllc compounds using A!-r M as catalyst precursor DuUa, R. P. and Schobert, H. H. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (4), 950-955. The pa er describes how the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation behaviour o4 naphthalene and pyrene were carried out in the presence of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate as a common catalyst precursor in coal liquefaction. 96lQ1376 Hydrotrsatmsnt nitride catalyste Liaw, S. J. et al., Energy Fuels,
of naphtha
with
molybdsnum
1995, 9, (S), 921-927.
96lo1377 Improvements of direct coal liquefaction Taylor, J. P. and Patrick, J. W. IChemE Res. 1st Event-Eur. Conf Young Res. Chem., Inst. of Chem. Eng., Rug?, UK, 1995, 1, 303-305. Describes liquefaction experiments camed out for a series of British coals individually and as blends in l:l, 1:3 and 3:l ratios by wei t. The reactions took place in a micro-reactor in a fluidized sand bath Por 30 minutes at 425’C. Products were characterized by gas chromatography and solvent fractionation. Blending had only an additive effect on the overall conversion of the coals. However for some blends there were significant shifts in the product distribution. 96101376 In situ lmpregnatsd Iron-based catalysts for direct coal llquefactlon Liu, Z. et al., Fuel, Jan. 1996, 75, (l), 51-57. Three methods of preparing catalysts for direct coal liquefaction @CL) are presented, using ferric sulphide as a precursor. Of these, one involves the physical mixin of the coal and the supercritically dried catalyst, and the other two invo f ve impregnation of the catalyst in the coal. In one of the latter two, the catalyst is prepared in situ as well. The in situ impregnated sample (IIS) of catalyst plus coal results in a hi h level of coal conversion. The nominal loading of the catalyst is 1.67 wt 4 ! but even lower loading, ~0.5 wt%, show significant improvements in activity and oil yield relative to uncatalysed DCL. 96101379 Mechanism and kinetics of coal llquefactlon Ohshima, S. et al., Busshitsu Kogaku Kogvo Gijutsu Kenkyusho Hokoku, 1995. 3. (21 115-124. (In Jaoanesel The pade; Lvestigates ihe eifects df reaction conditions on coal liquefacdon kinetics by using a continuous stirred reactor. The effective factors were reaction temperature, hydrogen pressure, hydrogen donor ability of a solvent and an iron catalvst. The rate determinine steo of coal liauefaction depended on the hydrogeb donor ability, the reacTioniate of cod liquefacdon was fast, and the hydrogen pressure and the iron catalyst did not affect the rate of reaction. In the caseusing a solvent of low donor ability, the rate of reaction increased with increasing of the hydrogen pressure and the amount of iron catalyst.
Furl and Energy Abstracta
March 1996
93
Catalysts
96lo1361 Yoshimura, Hokoku,
Y.
et aL,
for upgrading Busshitsu
Kogaku
coal-dsrlved Kogvo
olla Gijutsu
Kenkyusho
1995, 3, (2), 145-158. @I Japanese) Describes how coal-derived oils were hydrotreated in two-stage catalytic processes or in single stage co-refining catalytic processes to produce lnghquality oils. 96lO1362 Catalytic deh drogenatlon of coal llqudled prodfrom coal ucts: An altrrnatlve route L produw naphthalrnes Nomura, hf. et nL, Energy Fuels, 1995, 9. (3). 936-937. Catal tic &hydrogenation of heavy naphtha and li t oil fractions of the coal- Eydroliquefied products fmm three kinds of Pltuminous coals, was carried out using a 5% Pd/C catalyst. Irres aive of the original coals, naphthalcne (15-36 wt.%) and methylnaph tr alcne (27-34 wt.%) arc the major components of coal oil fractions after dehydrogenation.
Liquid
fuels
(derived
liquid
II&S)
h(CO),-sulfur-catalyaed coal Ilqurfsctlon In H,Q 96101371 CO svstems Watanabe, Y. et al., Fuel, Jan. 1996, 75, (l), 46-50. In the liauefaction of Yalloum, Wvomina Wandoan and Illinois No. 6 coals, U&I water and carbon &ono:ide &a hydrogen source, iron pentacnrbonyl, %e&G),. together with sulphur acts as an excellent catalyst percursor. The coal conversion and the oil and asphaltene yields depnd greatly on the amount of added water, CO pressure and es temperature. The liquefaction of Yallourn coal (2.Og) at 3v”’5 C for ‘caa?l 60 mm with 1.1 g water and 7.0 MPa (cold CO in the presence of Fe&O) sulphur gives a coal conversion of 95. 2wt% with the oil yield of 37.0 wtd. The oil yield is further improved by controlling the reaction temperature. 96101372 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Orlovic, A. et a&, Hem. Ind, 1995,49, (4), 177-186. (In Se&o-Croatian) A review of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Topics discussed are FT catalysts, reac1ors, and mechanism and formulas describing FT kinetics.
se/o1
363 Characterization mud used aa hydrogenation
and deactivation of sulflded red wtalyst Alvercz, J. et a&, Apple CataL A, 1995, 128, (2), 259-273. Red mud, a residue in the reduction of alumina by the Bayer process, contains oxides of Fe and f* l, and can be active in sulphided form as a hydrogenation catalyst. The evolution of activity and selectivity of sulphided red mud with reaction time was studied for the hydrogenation of a hght fraction of an antbracene oil.
96101373 Fundamental prlnclples In the chemistry of copyrolysls of coal and plastic waste Von Hodek, W. et al., Erdoel, Erdgas, Kohle, 1995.111, (9). 376-378. (In German) Describes how bituminous coals are able to transfer chemical bound hvdrogcn to suitable substances.This ability can bc used 10 im~rovc the pr&uct quality in the pyrolysis of plastic waste towards higher yields of stable and saturated oils.
set01 364 Chemical structure changes In Condor shale oil and wtalytlc actlvltles durlng catalytic hydrotreatment Yoshida, R. et aL, Fuel, Jan. 1996, 75, (1). 99-102. Chemical structure changes in Condor shale oil during catalytic hydrotreatmerit were studied based on elemental analysis, ‘H-NMR analysis, TLC/FID and GCD. Catalytic activities of red-mud/sulphur and Ni-Mo catalysts were discussed as to the hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of structure units in addition to the removal of heteroatoms.
96101374 Heat emlsslon during interactlon of Donete Basin coals with oxygsn of air Saranchuk, V. 1. and Pashchenko, L. V. Khim. Tverd Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (4), 34-40. (In Russian) Discusseshow Donets Basin coals of the same rank have different reactivities for air 0 and give different heat of oxidation, which stems from genetic differences (defined as the degree of reduction) and different ro ensities for spontaneous ignition. The heat of oxidation of coals with a ii*lg 1 propensity for spontaneous ignition is 1.5-5 times higher than that for coals with low propensities for spontaneous ignition.
96lOl366 Coal-generated hydrowrbons In Talbel Drpresslon, Turpan-Haml Basin Su, A. et al., Diqiu Huaxue, 1995, 24, (2), 128-137. (In Chinese) Presents detailed studies of properties, types and maturity of petroleum and natural gas! the oil-source correlation, and the mechanism of generation and expulsion of coal-generated hydrocarbons. 96lO1366 Converting synthesis gas to branched hydrocarbons Song, X. and Sayari, A. CHEMTECH. 1995, 1995, 25, (g), 27-35. The authors demonstrate that sulphated ZrG, (S/Z) when used as a cocatalvst for CO hvdronenation. causes sinnificant channes in the comoosition ofhydrocarboi p&ucts; i.e. it increa&s the contenrof branched da&fins and decreases that of olefms. Small amounts of PI on S/Z are effective for stabilizing its activity. 96101387 Design solutions and experience In implementation of the system of combustion of water-coal fuel at the Novoslblrsk thermal power plant-6 Klobertants, A. Y. and Cherkasov, A. T. Energ. Stroit., 1995, (2), 43-46. (In Russian) Describes the design and implementation of coal water slurry combustion technology at the cogeneration plant. 96lOl366 The effect of tubular reactor orientation on convsrslon of coal to llquld products H&on, C. K. et al., Fuel, Jan. 1996, 75, (l), 43-45. Conversion of low-rank coal to liauid oroducts in tubular reactors decreased sharply when the reactors w&e mounted other than horizontally. The effect was greater for nactions in the absence of solvent than for those in the presence-of tetralin. Elemental composltion of asphaltsnes from coal 96101369 llauefactlon Dl Marco, I. et al., Fuel Sci Tech&. Int., 1995, 13, (lo), 1345-1353. Presents a study of elemental composition (C, H, N, S, 0) of asphaltenes isolated from coal liquids from liquefaction using Tetralin. 96/01370 Exfoliated MoS, catalysta In coal Ilquefaction Bockrath, B. C. and Parfitt, D. S. Catal. Lett., 1995, 33, (1). 201-207. A method for improved dispersion of MoS, to coal &uticies consists of exfoliation of MoS, layers, or exfoliation of Li-intercalated MoS, layers, in THF-water mixtures in the presence of coal. For the same amount of catalyst, a combination of reduction of MoS, stacking and improved walcatalyst dispersion was beneficial.
96101376 Hydro enatlon/dehydrogenatlon of multlcycllc compounds using A!-r M as catalyst precursor DuUa, R. P. and Schobert, H. H. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (4), 950-955. The pa er describes how the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation behaviour o4 naphthalene and pyrene were carried out in the presence of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate as a common catalyst precursor in coal liquefaction. 96lQ1376 Hydrotrsatmsnt nitride catalyste Liaw, S. J. et al., Energy Fuels,
of naphtha
with
molybdsnum
1995, 9, (S), 921-927.
96lo1377 Improvements of direct coal liquefaction Taylor, J. P. and Patrick, J. W. IChemE Res. 1st Event-Eur. Conf Young Res. Chem., Inst. of Chem. Eng., Rug?, UK, 1995, 1, 303-305. Describes liquefaction experiments camed out for a series of British coals individually and as blends in l:l, 1:3 and 3:l ratios by wei t. The reactions took place in a micro-reactor in a fluidized sand bath Por 30 minutes at 425’C. Products were characterized by gas chromatography and solvent fractionation. Blending had only an additive effect on the overall conversion of the coals. However for some blends there were significant shifts in the product distribution. 96101376 In situ lmpregnatsd Iron-based catalysts for direct coal llquefactlon Liu, Z. et al., Fuel, Jan. 1996, 75, (l), 51-57. Three methods of preparing catalysts for direct coal liquefaction @CL) are presented, using ferric sulphide as a precursor. Of these, one involves the physical mixin of the coal and the supercritically dried catalyst, and the other two invo f ve impregnation of the catalyst in the coal. In one of the latter two, the catalyst is prepared in situ as well. The in situ impregnated sample (IIS) of catalyst plus coal results in a hi h level of coal conversion. The nominal loading of the catalyst is 1.67 wt 4 ! but even lower loading, ~0.5 wt%, show significant improvements in activity and oil yield relative to uncatalysed DCL. 96101379 Mechanism and kinetics of coal llquefactlon Ohshima, S. et al., Busshitsu Kogaku Kogvo Gijutsu Kenkyusho Hokoku, 1995. 3. (21 115-124. (In Jaoanesel The pade; Lvestigates ihe eifects df reaction conditions on coal liquefacdon kinetics by using a continuous stirred reactor. The effective factors were reaction temperature, hydrogen pressure, hydrogen donor ability of a solvent and an iron catalvst. The rate determinine steo of coal liauefaction depended on the hydrogeb donor ability, the reacTioniate of cod liquefacdon was fast, and the hydrogen pressure and the iron catalyst did not affect the rate of reaction. In the caseusing a solvent of low donor ability, the rate of reaction increased with increasing of the hydrogen pressure and the amount of iron catalyst.
Furl and Energy Abstracta
March 1996
93