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01483 Manufacture of high specific surface area carbon materials for adsorbents
04
By-products
related
to fuels
An inltlal evaluation of poly(vlnylacrtylme) as a 96lO1460 carbon tlber precursor Mavinkurvc. A. et aL, Carbon, 1995, 33, (a), 757-761. Poly(vinylacetylcne) obtained by the selective polymerization of monovinylacetylene through the vinyl group has been investigated for its use as an alternative precurso r for carbon fibres. The low yield of char obtained on pyrolysis of the polymer in an inert atmosphere was improved dramatically by sub’ecting its fibres to an oxidative treatment before the carbonization step. Q- tlmixation of this oxidative treatment was carried out to maximize the yield of carbon obtained after pyrolysis up to 900°C. Isotope affacta In plasma arcing exparlmanta with 96lo1461 varloua carbon anodes Pang, L S. et aL, Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (4). 704-706. Carbon stable isotope ratios in solid products from plasma arcing brown coal char, brown coal, and graphite electrodes have been measured. The results support the reposal that components of the soot (fullerene black) originate from wee e bond cleavage in the anode, rather than that held by the traditional view, namely, that all products originate via C, routes. 96lo1462 Manufacture of adsorbenta wlth coal ashes Kodera, H. et al, (Assigned to) Taisei Corp.; Nippon Jiryoku Senko, JAP. Pat. JP.O7,163,872, Jw 1995. The process consists oE flotation separation of coal ashes:,dewatering and drying of the froth; granulation of the dried froth by spraymg with aqueous solutions containing PVA, CMC, and/or starch; and drying. Manufacture of hlgh apaclflc aurfaca area carbon for adsorbenta .. (Assigned to) Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., JAP. Pat. ~a&%l~5,589, Jun. 1995. The pr&ss comprises treating carbonaceous materials with fine pores by acids, boiling, or ultrasonics to give ~4 wt.% inorganic components in the carbonaceous materials and activating in oxidizing gas atmospheres to give the products having uniform fine pores. The materials may be plant- or heavy bituminous coal-oriented activated carbon. gel01463 materlala
96/01464 Manufacture of purlfled pitch Mixutori, S. et a&, (Assigned to) Osaka Gas Co.Ltd, JAP. Pat. JP.O7,157,770, Jun 1995. 96101466 Machanlcal and thermal propartlaa of carbon nanotubea Ruoff, R. S. and Lorents, D. C. Carbon, 1995, 33, (7), 925930. Discusses some aspects of the mechanical and thermal properties of carbon nanotubes. The tensile and bending stiffness constants of ideal multiwalled and single-walled carbon nanotubes are derived in terms of the known elastic properties of graphite. 96101466 Machanlcal propertlea of blnderlaaa carbon mould prepared from heat-treated maaophae pitch of controlled grain aloe Fujiura, R. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (8), 1061-1068. Describes the mechanical properties of binderless carbon moulds produced from the preheat-treated mesophase pitch of controlled grain sixes. 96lo1467 Metal10 atroporphyrlna as procaaa lndlcatora: Mass spectral ldentl R catlon of NI(ETI0) and NI(DPEP) homologoua aerlea In Green River shale oil Lee, A. K. et a&, Fuel Sci Technol. Int, 1995, 13, (9), 1153-1166. 96101466 Methanol ayntheala from carbon dloxlda on CuOZnO-Al,O, catalysts Hirano, M. et al., Energy Convers. Mgmr., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 585-588. Describes the studies which have been made on the process of synthesizing methanol by catalytic hydrogenation as one of the potential technologies for utilizing carbon dioxide. 96lo1469 Method and apparatus for treating fly ashes Yamamoto, Y. and Iwakawa, H. (Assigned to) Chichibu Onoak KK, JAP. Pat. JP.O7,195,052, Aug. 1995. Describes a method for the treatment of fly ashes in an indirect-heated furnace with vibration means to combust unburnt carbon for using in cement.
100
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1996
96lo1490 Micro ore structure development In poly(aodlum~atyranaaulfonata P derlvad carbons Putyera, K. ef al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (8 1047-1052. Microporous carbons characterized by dlI4 erent &rtmturaI properties were prepared by carbonixation of poly(sodium&styrenesulfonate) m a nitrogen flow at temperatures in the range of 500~85oOC.The carbonization process and the microstructural characteristics of the carbonaceous materials obtained have been studied by differential thermal analysis, diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy, inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilution, and sorption experiments. The conclusions obtained am derived from adsorption studies of methane under conditions when monolayer adsorp tion is dominant and thus direct information of adsorbate/adsorbent interactions as a function of microstructural changes during carbonization can be revealed. 96101491 Modlflcatlon of coal-tar pitch by air-blowlng. II. Influence on coke structure and propertlea Femandez. J. J. et aL, Car&m, 1995. 33. (9). X235-1245. This study is concerned with the use of air-blowing to improve pitch properties as matrix precursor of carbon-carbon composites. Two commercial coal-tar pitches, an impregnating pitch and a binder pitch and their airblown oroducts obtained at temoeratures between 250 and 300°C. were pyrolyz’cd in a horizontal tube f&ace at 1OOO“C.Cokes were chara&ixed by light microscopy to monitor the influence of air-blowing on their optical texture. Density and porosity of cokes were determined by helium densimetry and m&ury - orosimetry, and their strength and reactivity by a microstreneth test ans thermoeravimetric analvsis. resnectivelv. Results show that &-blowing of the imiregnating pitchpro&& a de&se of the optical texture of coke, while tn the case of the binder pitch there is an improvement of the microcrystalline structure. 96101492 Modlfled copper-cobalt.chromlum oxlda catalysta ;;a;gO hydzyatlon to mixed alcohola (C,.CJ h. .) Energy Cowers. Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6) 589-542. The paper investigates the activity of modified copper-cobalt-chromium oxide catalysts for the hydrogenatton of CO, to mixed alcohols (C&). 96101493 Molecular alava behavlour of activated carbons Carrott, P. J. Carbon, 1995, 33, (9), 1307-1312. Analvsis of data for the adsorntion of various molecular orobe molecules on a’number of different mi&oporous carbons has revealed an empirical relationship between log (tQ and log (V where ndmmol g” is the micropore capacity for a given adsorptive an?V{cm3 mol” the corresponding adsorpttve molar volume. It is shown that o served differences in the linearity and slope of the lo (n,,) vs log(V, plots can be rationalised on the basis of different tvnes o %molecular sieve behaviour and that analysis of the plots should th&fore be able to provide useful information relating not only to the micropores themselves but also to the micropore entrances. 96101494 A new parameter ralatln tha properties of aemlcokea and the resulting alnterad car g ona Martinex, M. et aL, Carbon, 1995, 33, (8), 1182-1184. Production of fine-grained, high strength isotropic carbons from coal-tar or petroleum pitches has been receiving increased attention in the last few years. The critical step is the formation of the polyaromatic mesophase during the heat treatment of the pitch. The condensation reactions takiig place produce large discotic, aromatic molecules which are stacked parallel to each other, forming nematic liquid crystals, which, in order to attain minimum surface energy, adopt a spherical shape. The results presented in the paper are the cons uence of an attempt to determine the properties of the green semicokes 7lt at could help to predict the properties of the sintered, heat treated carbons produced from them. 96101496 On the adaorptlon of CO* by molecular sieve carbona - Volumetric and gravlmetrlc atudlaa Nakashima, M. er al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (9), 1301-1306. Two microporous carbons, derived from the same phenolic resins at 700 and lOOO”C,were investigated by volumetric and gravimetric adsorption of CO, and Nq at different temperatures. The combination with immersion calorimetry mto liquids of different molecular sixes reveals the presence of constrictions near 0.4-0.45 nm leading into relatively large micropores. The size of the constrictions and the mtcropore volume are smaller for the solid prepared at 1000°C. 96101496 On the aultablllty of agricultural by-producta for the manufacture of granular actlvatad carbon Heschel, W. and Klose, E. Fuel, Dec. 1995, 74, (12), 1786-1791. An investigation of several agricultural by-products revealed that their suitability for activated carbon production is not determined by general material-specific features (elemental composition) but by type specific features. A coarse-cellular structure (as in wood), which is indicated by porosities of the raw materials higher than approximately 35% is disadvantageous. A specific change in the properties of cokes (porosity, for instance, macrooorous residues are oroduced. Temoerature and burnoff have the areatest influence on yield granular activated carbon of the highest ualiyy. The following order of suitability of raw materials for activated car?mn production wasestablished: coconut shells > peach stones > plum stones > haxelnut shells > walnut shells > cherry stones.
By-products
related
to fuels
An inltlal evaluation of poly(vlnylacrtylme) as a 96lO1460 carbon tlber precursor Mavinkurvc. A. et aL, Carbon, 1995, 33, (a), 757-761. Poly(vinylacetylcne) obtained by the selective polymerization of monovinylacetylene through the vinyl group has been investigated for its use as an alternative precurso r for carbon fibres. The low yield of char obtained on pyrolysis of the polymer in an inert atmosphere was improved dramatically by sub’ecting its fibres to an oxidative treatment before the carbonization step. Q- tlmixation of this oxidative treatment was carried out to maximize the yield of carbon obtained after pyrolysis up to 900°C. Isotope affacta In plasma arcing exparlmanta with 96lo1461 varloua carbon anodes Pang, L S. et aL, Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (4). 704-706. Carbon stable isotope ratios in solid products from plasma arcing brown coal char, brown coal, and graphite electrodes have been measured. The results support the reposal that components of the soot (fullerene black) originate from wee e bond cleavage in the anode, rather than that held by the traditional view, namely, that all products originate via C, routes. 96lo1462 Manufacture of adsorbenta wlth coal ashes Kodera, H. et al, (Assigned to) Taisei Corp.; Nippon Jiryoku Senko, JAP. Pat. JP.O7,163,872, Jw 1995. The process consists oE flotation separation of coal ashes:,dewatering and drying of the froth; granulation of the dried froth by spraymg with aqueous solutions containing PVA, CMC, and/or starch; and drying. Manufacture of hlgh apaclflc aurfaca area carbon for adsorbenta .. (Assigned to) Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., JAP. Pat. ~a&%l~5,589, Jun. 1995. The pr&ss comprises treating carbonaceous materials with fine pores by acids, boiling, or ultrasonics to give ~4 wt.% inorganic components in the carbonaceous materials and activating in oxidizing gas atmospheres to give the products having uniform fine pores. The materials may be plant- or heavy bituminous coal-oriented activated carbon. gel01463 materlala
96/01464 Manufacture of purlfled pitch Mixutori, S. et a&, (Assigned to) Osaka Gas Co.Ltd, JAP. Pat. JP.O7,157,770, Jun 1995. 96101466 Machanlcal and thermal propartlaa of carbon nanotubea Ruoff, R. S. and Lorents, D. C. Carbon, 1995, 33, (7), 925930. Discusses some aspects of the mechanical and thermal properties of carbon nanotubes. The tensile and bending stiffness constants of ideal multiwalled and single-walled carbon nanotubes are derived in terms of the known elastic properties of graphite. 96101466 Machanlcal propertlea of blnderlaaa carbon mould prepared from heat-treated maaophae pitch of controlled grain aloe Fujiura, R. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (8), 1061-1068. Describes the mechanical properties of binderless carbon moulds produced from the preheat-treated mesophase pitch of controlled grain sixes. 96lo1467 Metal10 atroporphyrlna as procaaa lndlcatora: Mass spectral ldentl R catlon of NI(ETI0) and NI(DPEP) homologoua aerlea In Green River shale oil Lee, A. K. et a&, Fuel Sci Technol. Int, 1995, 13, (9), 1153-1166. 96101466 Methanol ayntheala from carbon dloxlda on CuOZnO-Al,O, catalysts Hirano, M. et al., Energy Convers. Mgmr., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 585-588. Describes the studies which have been made on the process of synthesizing methanol by catalytic hydrogenation as one of the potential technologies for utilizing carbon dioxide. 96lo1469 Method and apparatus for treating fly ashes Yamamoto, Y. and Iwakawa, H. (Assigned to) Chichibu Onoak KK, JAP. Pat. JP.O7,195,052, Aug. 1995. Describes a method for the treatment of fly ashes in an indirect-heated furnace with vibration means to combust unburnt carbon for using in cement.
100
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1996
96lo1490 Micro ore structure development In poly(aodlum~atyranaaulfonata P derlvad carbons Putyera, K. ef al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (8 1047-1052. Microporous carbons characterized by dlI4 erent &rtmturaI properties were prepared by carbonixation of poly(sodium&styrenesulfonate) m a nitrogen flow at temperatures in the range of 500~85oOC.The carbonization process and the microstructural characteristics of the carbonaceous materials obtained have been studied by differential thermal analysis, diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy, inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilution, and sorption experiments. The conclusions obtained am derived from adsorption studies of methane under conditions when monolayer adsorp tion is dominant and thus direct information of adsorbate/adsorbent interactions as a function of microstructural changes during carbonization can be revealed. 96101491 Modlflcatlon of coal-tar pitch by air-blowlng. II. Influence on coke structure and propertlea Femandez. J. J. et aL, Car&m, 1995. 33. (9). X235-1245. This study is concerned with the use of air-blowing to improve pitch properties as matrix precursor of carbon-carbon composites. Two commercial coal-tar pitches, an impregnating pitch and a binder pitch and their airblown oroducts obtained at temoeratures between 250 and 300°C. were pyrolyz’cd in a horizontal tube f&ace at 1OOO“C.Cokes were chara&ixed by light microscopy to monitor the influence of air-blowing on their optical texture. Density and porosity of cokes were determined by helium densimetry and m&ury - orosimetry, and their strength and reactivity by a microstreneth test ans thermoeravimetric analvsis. resnectivelv. Results show that &-blowing of the imiregnating pitchpro&& a de&se of the optical texture of coke, while tn the case of the binder pitch there is an improvement of the microcrystalline structure. 96101492 Modlfled copper-cobalt.chromlum oxlda catalysta ;;a;gO hydzyatlon to mixed alcohola (C,.CJ h. .) Energy Cowers. Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6) 589-542. The paper investigates the activity of modified copper-cobalt-chromium oxide catalysts for the hydrogenatton of CO, to mixed alcohols (C&). 96101493 Molecular alava behavlour of activated carbons Carrott, P. J. Carbon, 1995, 33, (9), 1307-1312. Analvsis of data for the adsorntion of various molecular orobe molecules on a’number of different mi&oporous carbons has revealed an empirical relationship between log (tQ and log (V where ndmmol g” is the micropore capacity for a given adsorptive an?V{cm3 mol” the corresponding adsorpttve molar volume. It is shown that o served differences in the linearity and slope of the lo (n,,) vs log(V, plots can be rationalised on the basis of different tvnes o %molecular sieve behaviour and that analysis of the plots should th&fore be able to provide useful information relating not only to the micropores themselves but also to the micropore entrances. 96101494 A new parameter ralatln tha properties of aemlcokea and the resulting alnterad car g ona Martinex, M. et aL, Carbon, 1995, 33, (8), 1182-1184. Production of fine-grained, high strength isotropic carbons from coal-tar or petroleum pitches has been receiving increased attention in the last few years. The critical step is the formation of the polyaromatic mesophase during the heat treatment of the pitch. The condensation reactions takiig place produce large discotic, aromatic molecules which are stacked parallel to each other, forming nematic liquid crystals, which, in order to attain minimum surface energy, adopt a spherical shape. The results presented in the paper are the cons uence of an attempt to determine the properties of the green semicokes 7lt at could help to predict the properties of the sintered, heat treated carbons produced from them. 96101496 On the adaorptlon of CO* by molecular sieve carbona - Volumetric and gravlmetrlc atudlaa Nakashima, M. er al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (9), 1301-1306. Two microporous carbons, derived from the same phenolic resins at 700 and lOOO”C,were investigated by volumetric and gravimetric adsorption of CO, and Nq at different temperatures. The combination with immersion calorimetry mto liquids of different molecular sixes reveals the presence of constrictions near 0.4-0.45 nm leading into relatively large micropores. The size of the constrictions and the mtcropore volume are smaller for the solid prepared at 1000°C. 96101496 On the aultablllty of agricultural by-producta for the manufacture of granular actlvatad carbon Heschel, W. and Klose, E. Fuel, Dec. 1995, 74, (12), 1786-1791. An investigation of several agricultural by-products revealed that their suitability for activated carbon production is not determined by general material-specific features (elemental composition) but by type specific features. A coarse-cellular structure (as in wood), which is indicated by porosities of the raw materials higher than approximately 35% is disadvantageous. A specific change in the properties of cokes (porosity, for instance, macrooorous residues are oroduced. Temoerature and burnoff have the areatest influence on yield granular activated carbon of the highest ualiyy. The following order of suitability of raw materials for activated car?mn production wasestablished: coconut shells > peach stones > plum stones > haxelnut shells > walnut shells > cherry stones.