- Email: [email protected]
01687 Risks of seven UK electricity generation options. Part 1. Routine operation
07 Alternative energy sources (bioconversion
energy)
Restructuring tha South African rlectriclty su ply fi%zY Appropriate govornanco In a nawly democrat Pzad South I- frlca Steyn. 0. Utilities Policy, Apr. 1995, 5, (2), 95-108. South Ahica has embarked on a national electri8cation programme and has simuItaneoualy begun restructuring its electricity supply industry to adjust it to new constitutional realities and reorientate it towards meeting new objectives. The paper briefly reviews these developments and then proceeds to analyse the requirements of a governance system that will be appropriate to the new circumstances. Guidelines are developed around the questions of policy formulation, ownership, utility supervision, regulation, and the role of stakeholders. A framework is proposed for the governance of the industry, based on performance contracting and a supervisory role by the National Electricity Regulator. 98lo1887 Rlrkr of aevan UK l lactrlclty ganaratlon optlonr. Part 1. Routlne operatlon Ball, D. J. and Roberts, L. E. Energy & Envirotiment, 1995, 6, (4), 283-335. The paper examines, on a full fuel cycle basis, routine operational risks associated with the generation of electricity by seven options available to the UK These tions are tidal power, on-shore and off-shore wind, nuclear power, an“B coal, oil and gas-fired power. To facilitate comparison, risk estimates am normal&l per GWa of electricity produced. Risks to the workforce and the public are considered as distinct items. 98/01888 Some emplrlcal flndlngr of an Austrlan appllanca turn-In program Haas, R. Energy, Jan. 1996, 21, (I), 55-60. Presents the results of an Austrian a plianceturn-in programme and document major performance features. T/i is programme is of interest because it was launched in 1989 and was the fit comprehensive rebate programme not a state-of-the-art design, for household appliances in Europe. Althou the programme provides useful insights anP performance data. se/o1889 Some lnltlal avldanca of Canadlan reeponalvanesr to time-of-uaa alactrlclty rates: Datallad dally and monthly analyala Mountain, D. C. and Lawson, E. L. Resource & Energy Economics, Aug. 1995, 17, (2), 189-212. A non-homothetic demand system is used to present initial ex rimental results regarding Canadian responsiveness to residential time-o r -use electricity rates by time-of-day and b month-of-year. IO addition to measuring responsiveness in the traditional i: road peakoff-peak aggregates, the detatl of disaggregation is such that it allows an analysis of load shape respoosiveness at critical hours coincident with the specific peaks of the distnbuting utilities and at boundary hours adjacent to the system-generation peak. The aper identifies particular rate structures which perform best at leveling oad during municipalities’ critical peak hours and during specific months. A look at boundary-hour res rises generally reveals no problems regarding new peak creation. Peak re 8”.ucuons in the summer are marginally larger than those in the winter.
f
98io189o
Swlsa raaldentlal
demand for alactrlclty
by tlma-of-
UM
Fiilprpi M. Resource & Energy Economics, Nov. 1995, 17, (3), - . In this study, the author examined the residential demand for electricity by time-of-day in Switxerland. For this purpose, a model of two log-linear stochastic equations for peak and off-peak electricity consumption was estimated em loying a egated data referring to four years and 40 cities. The emplnc **a! analysts .88 as highlighted some of the characteristics of the Swiss residential electricity market. The estimated short-run own-price elasticities are -0.60 during the peak period and -0.79 during the off-peak period. Whereas in the long-run these values, as expected, are higher than in the short-run with a value of -0.71 during the peak period and -1.92 during the off-peak period. These elasticities show a high responsiveness of electricity consumption in changes in prices. 98/01891 What utlllty daragulatlon moan8 for coal McMahan, R. L. Coal, Nov. 1995, 100, (ll), 27-28. Reports that coal producers in the USA are watching new developments in electric utility deregulations with a cautious eye. In an evolving market where traditional patterns of coal supply and demand most likely will be disrupted, individual players in the coal industry not only must be ‘winners’ and ‘losers’, but they also must be mindful of what actions they can take in order to assure the success of their most important accounts.
114
Fuel and Energy Abrtractr
March 1998
ALTERNATIVE SOURCES
ENERGY
Bioconversion Energy se/O1 892 Blofuels: France taker the lnltlatlve Bourdon. P. Energy World, Dec. 1995, (234), 9-10. The author discusses the Total Group’s commitment development.
to biofuel
98/01892 Blomasr energy In North Amarlcan pollcleo KIaaa, D. L. Energy Policy, Dec. 1995, 23, 12), 1035-1048. The purpose of this paper ia to examine the ro\ e of biomass energy in the federal government policies of Canada, Mexico and the USA on the development and utilixauon of biomass energy. These policies span the entire spectrum from poor to excellent. One of the main driving forces dis lacing fossil fuels today is environmental issues. But there are still major tarriers that are affected by government policies and that must be overcome to facilitate the displacement of large amounts of fossil fuels by biomass. Among these are development of large-scale systems that can supply sustainable amounts of biomass ener and biofuels at competitive prices, and nationwide distribution systems P at simplify consumer access.These and other barriers must ultimately be addressed if any federal government dezie;; to institute policies to help establish large-scale biomass energy
FEE Chartier,. P.
Blomasa
for energy, anvlronmanf
et al., (eds), Elsevier Science - 660 Tarrytown, NY, USA; & The Boulevard, Langford f275.00, $440.00, 3 vol.%, 2850 pp.
agrlcultura White Lane,
and
Plains Road Oxford w
Proceedings of the 8th European Community Conference, held October 1994, in Vienna. The proceedings are published in 3 volumes, and contain the most complete overview of the present state-of-the-art. Subjects covered include: biomass resource base, electricity and heat generation, transportation fuels, chemicals from biomass, products from bio- and thermochemical conversion technologies, economics, environmental aspects and opportunities for implementation worldwide, in particular in developing countries. 98101895 Blomaaa utlllratlon: A perapectlva of Teak X IEA Bloanargy Agreement 1992-1994 Wallace, C. J. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 9, (l), 227-233. Discusses the programme to be carried out withm the framework of the IEA Bioeoergy Agreement which consists of cooperative research, development, demonstrations and exchange of infotmatton regarding bioenergy. Within Task X Biomass Utilisation, thirteen participating countries have focused research efforts on thermal processing of biomass, biological conversion of feedstocks, processing of specialised biomass, and cross-cutting topics of interest across several technical areas. The paper addresses the various world programmes and summarises the pro sa of Task X Biomass Utilisation during the period 1992 through 19r 4. 98/01898 Blomaaa ylald aquatlona for short rotatlon black locust plantations In the Central Great Plalna zr;~ T. E. and Betters, D. R. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (4), The objective of this research is to develop equations to predict yields for short rotation black locust (Robinia peuabacacia) tree plantation. The data set is from experimental black locust plantation sites located throughout the State of Kansas (USA). Stepwise ordinary least-squares regression techniques are used to derive the equations. The final model selection is based on simplicity of use, statist& accuracy, and consistency with known biological relationships. Two models are selected: both models use precipitation and herbicide treatments as variables, however, one model also includes nitrogen content in the soil. The model predictions are compared to other plantation yield studies in the area and found to give similar yield estimates. 98lO1897 Carbon balance of bloenergy from logging raslduas Schlamadinger, B. et al., Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (4), 221-234. Bioenerp;y as a substitute for fossil energy is regarded a possibility to reduce 6e energy related carbon dioxide-emissi&s to the atmosphere, because ‘the carbon, which is set free from biomass combustion, is taken u again by regrowing plants and thus the carbon cycle of bioenergy is c f osed’, as it is often argued. In a more detailed analysis of bioenergy strategies, two main effects have to be investigated: on the one hand, carbon in fossil fuels is substituted and thus not emitted to the atmosphere, while on the other hand, the use of biofuels might result in a reduction of carbon stored in the biosphere (plants, litter and soil). One of the possibilities to use biomass for energy is to bum logging residues from conventional forestry for heat and/or power production.
energy)
Restructuring tha South African rlectriclty su ply fi%zY Appropriate govornanco In a nawly democrat Pzad South I- frlca Steyn. 0. Utilities Policy, Apr. 1995, 5, (2), 95-108. South Ahica has embarked on a national electri8cation programme and has simuItaneoualy begun restructuring its electricity supply industry to adjust it to new constitutional realities and reorientate it towards meeting new objectives. The paper briefly reviews these developments and then proceeds to analyse the requirements of a governance system that will be appropriate to the new circumstances. Guidelines are developed around the questions of policy formulation, ownership, utility supervision, regulation, and the role of stakeholders. A framework is proposed for the governance of the industry, based on performance contracting and a supervisory role by the National Electricity Regulator. 98lo1887 Rlrkr of aevan UK l lactrlclty ganaratlon optlonr. Part 1. Routlne operatlon Ball, D. J. and Roberts, L. E. Energy & Envirotiment, 1995, 6, (4), 283-335. The paper examines, on a full fuel cycle basis, routine operational risks associated with the generation of electricity by seven options available to the UK These tions are tidal power, on-shore and off-shore wind, nuclear power, an“B coal, oil and gas-fired power. To facilitate comparison, risk estimates am normal&l per GWa of electricity produced. Risks to the workforce and the public are considered as distinct items. 98/01888 Some emplrlcal flndlngr of an Austrlan appllanca turn-In program Haas, R. Energy, Jan. 1996, 21, (I), 55-60. Presents the results of an Austrian a plianceturn-in programme and document major performance features. T/i is programme is of interest because it was launched in 1989 and was the fit comprehensive rebate programme not a state-of-the-art design, for household appliances in Europe. Althou the programme provides useful insights anP performance data. se/o1889 Some lnltlal avldanca of Canadlan reeponalvanesr to time-of-uaa alactrlclty rates: Datallad dally and monthly analyala Mountain, D. C. and Lawson, E. L. Resource & Energy Economics, Aug. 1995, 17, (2), 189-212. A non-homothetic demand system is used to present initial ex rimental results regarding Canadian responsiveness to residential time-o r -use electricity rates by time-of-day and b month-of-year. IO addition to measuring responsiveness in the traditional i: road peakoff-peak aggregates, the detatl of disaggregation is such that it allows an analysis of load shape respoosiveness at critical hours coincident with the specific peaks of the distnbuting utilities and at boundary hours adjacent to the system-generation peak. The aper identifies particular rate structures which perform best at leveling oad during municipalities’ critical peak hours and during specific months. A look at boundary-hour res rises generally reveals no problems regarding new peak creation. Peak re 8”.ucuons in the summer are marginally larger than those in the winter.
f
98io189o
Swlsa raaldentlal
demand for alactrlclty
by tlma-of-
UM
Fiilprpi M. Resource & Energy Economics, Nov. 1995, 17, (3), - . In this study, the author examined the residential demand for electricity by time-of-day in Switxerland. For this purpose, a model of two log-linear stochastic equations for peak and off-peak electricity consumption was estimated em loying a egated data referring to four years and 40 cities. The emplnc **a! analysts .88 as highlighted some of the characteristics of the Swiss residential electricity market. The estimated short-run own-price elasticities are -0.60 during the peak period and -0.79 during the off-peak period. Whereas in the long-run these values, as expected, are higher than in the short-run with a value of -0.71 during the peak period and -1.92 during the off-peak period. These elasticities show a high responsiveness of electricity consumption in changes in prices. 98/01891 What utlllty daragulatlon moan8 for coal McMahan, R. L. Coal, Nov. 1995, 100, (ll), 27-28. Reports that coal producers in the USA are watching new developments in electric utility deregulations with a cautious eye. In an evolving market where traditional patterns of coal supply and demand most likely will be disrupted, individual players in the coal industry not only must be ‘winners’ and ‘losers’, but they also must be mindful of what actions they can take in order to assure the success of their most important accounts.
114
Fuel and Energy Abrtractr
March 1998
ALTERNATIVE SOURCES
ENERGY
Bioconversion Energy se/O1 892 Blofuels: France taker the lnltlatlve Bourdon. P. Energy World, Dec. 1995, (234), 9-10. The author discusses the Total Group’s commitment development.
to biofuel
98/01892 Blomasr energy In North Amarlcan pollcleo KIaaa, D. L. Energy Policy, Dec. 1995, 23, 12), 1035-1048. The purpose of this paper ia to examine the ro\ e of biomass energy in the federal government policies of Canada, Mexico and the USA on the development and utilixauon of biomass energy. These policies span the entire spectrum from poor to excellent. One of the main driving forces dis lacing fossil fuels today is environmental issues. But there are still major tarriers that are affected by government policies and that must be overcome to facilitate the displacement of large amounts of fossil fuels by biomass. Among these are development of large-scale systems that can supply sustainable amounts of biomass ener and biofuels at competitive prices, and nationwide distribution systems P at simplify consumer access.These and other barriers must ultimately be addressed if any federal government dezie;; to institute policies to help establish large-scale biomass energy
FEE Chartier,. P.
Blomasa
for energy, anvlronmanf
et al., (eds), Elsevier Science - 660 Tarrytown, NY, USA; & The Boulevard, Langford f275.00, $440.00, 3 vol.%, 2850 pp.
agrlcultura White Lane,
and
Plains Road Oxford w
Proceedings of the 8th European Community Conference, held October 1994, in Vienna. The proceedings are published in 3 volumes, and contain the most complete overview of the present state-of-the-art. Subjects covered include: biomass resource base, electricity and heat generation, transportation fuels, chemicals from biomass, products from bio- and thermochemical conversion technologies, economics, environmental aspects and opportunities for implementation worldwide, in particular in developing countries. 98101895 Blomaaa utlllratlon: A perapectlva of Teak X IEA Bloanargy Agreement 1992-1994 Wallace, C. J. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 9, (l), 227-233. Discusses the programme to be carried out withm the framework of the IEA Bioeoergy Agreement which consists of cooperative research, development, demonstrations and exchange of infotmatton regarding bioenergy. Within Task X Biomass Utilisation, thirteen participating countries have focused research efforts on thermal processing of biomass, biological conversion of feedstocks, processing of specialised biomass, and cross-cutting topics of interest across several technical areas. The paper addresses the various world programmes and summarises the pro sa of Task X Biomass Utilisation during the period 1992 through 19r 4. 98/01898 Blomaaa ylald aquatlona for short rotatlon black locust plantations In the Central Great Plalna zr;~ T. E. and Betters, D. R. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (4), The objective of this research is to develop equations to predict yields for short rotation black locust (Robinia peuabacacia) tree plantation. The data set is from experimental black locust plantation sites located throughout the State of Kansas (USA). Stepwise ordinary least-squares regression techniques are used to derive the equations. The final model selection is based on simplicity of use, statist& accuracy, and consistency with known biological relationships. Two models are selected: both models use precipitation and herbicide treatments as variables, however, one model also includes nitrogen content in the soil. The model predictions are compared to other plantation yield studies in the area and found to give similar yield estimates. 98lO1897 Carbon balance of bloenergy from logging raslduas Schlamadinger, B. et al., Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (4), 221-234. Bioenerp;y as a substitute for fossil energy is regarded a possibility to reduce 6e energy related carbon dioxide-emissi&s to the atmosphere, because ‘the carbon, which is set free from biomass combustion, is taken u again by regrowing plants and thus the carbon cycle of bioenergy is c f osed’, as it is often argued. In a more detailed analysis of bioenergy strategies, two main effects have to be investigated: on the one hand, carbon in fossil fuels is substituted and thus not emitted to the atmosphere, while on the other hand, the use of biofuels might result in a reduction of carbon stored in the biosphere (plants, litter and soil). One of the possibilities to use biomass for energy is to bum logging residues from conventional forestry for heat and/or power production.