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01700 Co-composting of sweet sorghum biomass with different nitrogen sources
07 Alternative energy sources (bitxonvemion Catal lc convoralon of a blomaaa-darived 05 to 96t616Q6 fuela and chomlca 7 a II. Chomlcal klnotlca oaramrter l atlmatlon and modal pradlctlona 21% J. D. sad Bskkski, N. N. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8. (4), Kinetic &xlelling of the conversion of a bio-oil over HZSMS catalyst in a fixed-bed microreactor was studied. Based on the two reaction athways posed earlier (Fart I), the yields of various roducts were cal cupated ss a i? notion of temperature. The predicted reaupts from the kinetic models matched closely the results obtained from experiments. The results showed that a model for bio-oil convemion must also account for the formation of coke and residue from reactions of both volatile and nonvolatile components of the bio-oil. The kinetic models showed that bio-oil upgrading was a complex combination of parallel and series reactions. Bio-oil deoxygenation and crscking of the nonvolatiles were identified as the rate controlling steps. Charactarlatlca of avolutlon of tar from wood pyrolWol6Qo yala In a fixed-bad raactor Brage, C. cr a& Fue& Jan. 1996, 75, (2), 213-219. The thermally induced interrelation between total tar, chemical distribution of principal iar constituents and the three C, compounds (ethane, ethene, ethyne) obtained from wood pyrolysis at atmospheric ressure in a continuous bench-scale fixed bed reactor was investigated. # otal tar and certain tar constituents exhibit a close correlation with the C, compounds over the tempemture range 700-~C.sOme characteristic wmpound ratios, namely indene to naphthalene (I/N), phenols to aromatics (P/A) and saturated to unsaturated C, compounds, were identified. These reactor-specific correlations have obvious potential application for on-line continuous monitoring of non-gaseous products that so far are determined off-line. Analysis methods used were designed for uantification of aromatics, phenols, N-organ& asphaltenes and preasph 84tenes. Co-compoatlng of l waat l orghum blomaaa wlth 96/01700 dlffarant nltrogan aourcaa Rodrigues, A. M. et al., Bioresource Technology 1995, 54, (l), 21-27. Compostin of waste biomass from sweet sorghum seems to be a good alternative f or its valorization in Portugal. The purpose of this work was to establish the best experimental conditions for the aerobic bioconversion of this material, starting with different C:N ratios sad using different nitrogen SOUKCS.
96/01701 Coprocaaalng of foaall fuel8 wlth blomaaa Part 1. Vacuum raaldua wlth wood or llgnln Von Krey, F. and Gelert, H. H. Erdoel, Erdgas, Kohle, 1995, 111, (9), 371-375. (In German) Describes the study of the hydrogenation of vacuum residue with beechwood sad eucalyptus lignin. The experiments were carried out in M autoclave with 6-12 MPa H, at 380400“ and a resistance time of O-60 min. The results were evaluated over fractionation in several product fractions and over the analysis characterization of aome of these fractions. Synergic effects were observed between the residue and the biomass, They result in higher yield of oils and in lower molecular weight of oils. se/O1 702 Datarmlnatlon of parlod for blogaa production Tiwari, G. N. etal., Energy Cowers. Mgtnt., Feb. 1996,37, (2), 199-203. In this communication. an attemot has been made to obtain an analvtical expression for the retention per&d of a given capacity biogas plant. jt has been shown that the use of solar energy reduces the retention period. The proposed mathematical model can be used to test any solar assisted biogas plant. The results on parametric studies have been analytically carried out. 96lQl703 Dlaaaaa and peat control In the bloanargy crops poplar and willow 1995,9, (l), 69-79. Royle, D. J. and Ostry, M. E. Biomass & Bioenergy, An understanding of the population ecology, genetics and epidemiology of pests and patho ens is necessary for the development of reliable and effective pest and B sease management systems in energy crops. This paper describes these. 96lQl704 Effect of reformer condltlona on catalytic raformlng of blomaaa-gaalflcation tare Rinoshita, C. M. d al., Xnd Eng. Chem. Res., 1995,34, 9), 2949-2954. Parametric tests on catalytic reforming of tars produced in 6.romass gasification are uerformed usinn a bench-scale, fluid-bed catalvtic reformer wntaininn a commercial nickel-based cat&St. The oroduci PBSwmwsition and y&ld vary with reformer temperature, space hme, ana steam-biomass ratio. 96/01706 The affect of whola-traa storage on tha fualwood propartlaa of l hort-rotation Sallx crop8 Nti, J. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (4), 245249. A 7-year-old stand of willow (&dir ‘Aquatica’) was manually felled by using a chain saw and a clearing saw. Unwmminuted stems were piled and stored for 18 months. The heating value and basic density of the material changed over the storage period, The moisture content dropped from the initial 54% to 26% by the end of the second summer of storage. The bark content dropped from 24.1 to 14.9%.
energyl
%I01706 Efflclent and envlronmentallyround blomaaa productlon l vatama 1!382-1994 Zauffa, L. 8;d Gambles, R. L. B’ wmass & Bioenergy, 1995.9, (l), l-5. The achievements of Task VJU (Efficient and Environmentally-Sound Production Systems) of the IEA Bioenergy Agreement are reviewed. Some of the achievements of the Task’s Activities are highlighted, such as the development of a compute&d handbook on.short rotation fore&y, DNA ~d;~rnir$rg, disease surveys, waste drsposal and envimmnental
%.lOl7Q7 Elactrktty raaaarch program
from cotton waste a poaalbllty
following
Queensland Power, Australia, Aug. 1995. p. 13. A short description on how a team of New South Wales (Australia) scientists and engineers is attempting to develop hardware for feeding cotton trash and stalks into a gasifier, and are conducting gasification plant trials and detailing design and costmg of larger commercial units.
86lOl706 End of Taak Report of the IA (Inclnaratlon Actlvlty) of Teak Xl of the Bloanargy Agraamant of tha IEA Temmink, H. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995. 9, (l), 351.363. In 1986 the IEA Bioenergy Agreement’s MSW conversion activity was set up in the framework of the IEA Bioenergy Agreement, Its purpose was to provide an infrastructure for sharing informatron sad coordmatmg work in this area internationally. The activity programme covered three years and was extened for three more years in 1989 and 1992 This report describes the results of this last period, 1992-1994 of the Incineration Activity of Task ?CI. deal n for optlmlzatlon of cya96/01709 Exparlmantal nobactarlal blomaaa production f n a low-coat bloraactor Sathiyamoorthy, P. and Shanmugasundaram, S. Bioresource Technology, 1995, 53, (3), 225-229. Algal production on an industrial scale is more of an engineering problem than merely raising monoalgal cultures. Each operation is critical in the overall cost-benefit analvsis with the unoredictabilitv of a life form a culture being a challenge. I’0 provide gene&ally pure s&ins of economically important cyanobacteria, our laboratory began efforts to develop a low-cost culture vessel and a low-wst bioreactor. The authors have attempted tc find out the optimum levels of inoculum sixe, pH and individual macrcelement requirements to enhance the cyanobacterial biomass by a mathematical design matrix model. 96lOl7lO Faaalblllty of power production with pyrolyala and gaalflcatlon l yatama Solantausta, Y. et al., Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 9, (l), 257269. The objective of the study was to evaluate the development potential of advanced power production systems based on biomass pyrolysis and gasification. Several alternative process configurations and power plant types (diesel, gas turbine, combined cycle) were compared to wnventronsl steam cycle power plants. Electricity production capacities between 5 to 60 MWe were included. It was shown that although presently more e conventional alternatives, all the new options have poten tii.E=A?~: development. The biomass to power projects are most likely at sites, where low cost side uroducts are available m countries. which have a favourable electricity tariff or subsidies for renewables. These projects are often small scale. 96101711 Formation of organic compounda In auparhaatad steam drying of bark chlpa Bjork, H. and Rasmuson, A Fuel, Jan. 1996, 75, (1), 81-64. The formation of organic wmpounds during steam drying of bark chips in the exhaust steam was investigated as a function of time, with temperature and age of bark chips as independent parameters. The rate of formation strongly depends on temperature. ‘fbe results suggest that the amount of organic compounds in the exhaust steam can be minimized by drying stored bark at ‘low’ temperature, with a short drying time. 96IOl712 Harvaatlng amall tree8 and foraat raalduaa Gingras, J. F. Biomass & Bioenergv, 1995, 9, (l), 153-160. This report summariaes the progress achieved under the auspices of the Activity ‘Harvestin small trees and forest residues’ during 1992-1994. The work performe b*mcluded literature reviews to assesspotentially recoverable material as a function of harvesting system, analysis of factors affecting chipping quality and productivity, a comparison of firewood processing technologies, small tree and residue harvesting method reviews, a description of some prototype combination machines for recovering roundwood and forest biomass and an update on multiple-tree handling harvester head development in the Nordic countries.
Fuel and Energy Abatracta
March 1996
115
96/01701 Coprocaaalng of foaall fuel8 wlth blomaaa Part 1. Vacuum raaldua wlth wood or llgnln Von Krey, F. and Gelert, H. H. Erdoel, Erdgas, Kohle, 1995, 111, (9), 371-375. (In German) Describes the study of the hydrogenation of vacuum residue with beechwood sad eucalyptus lignin. The experiments were carried out in M autoclave with 6-12 MPa H, at 380400“ and a resistance time of O-60 min. The results were evaluated over fractionation in several product fractions and over the analysis characterization of aome of these fractions. Synergic effects were observed between the residue and the biomass, They result in higher yield of oils and in lower molecular weight of oils. se/O1 702 Datarmlnatlon of parlod for blogaa production Tiwari, G. N. etal., Energy Cowers. Mgtnt., Feb. 1996,37, (2), 199-203. In this communication. an attemot has been made to obtain an analvtical expression for the retention per&d of a given capacity biogas plant. jt has been shown that the use of solar energy reduces the retention period. The proposed mathematical model can be used to test any solar assisted biogas plant. The results on parametric studies have been analytically carried out. 96lQl703 Dlaaaaa and peat control In the bloanargy crops poplar and willow 1995,9, (l), 69-79. Royle, D. J. and Ostry, M. E. Biomass & Bioenergy, An understanding of the population ecology, genetics and epidemiology of pests and patho ens is necessary for the development of reliable and effective pest and B sease management systems in energy crops. This paper describes these. 96lQl704 Effect of reformer condltlona on catalytic raformlng of blomaaa-gaalflcation tare Rinoshita, C. M. d al., Xnd Eng. Chem. Res., 1995,34, 9), 2949-2954. Parametric tests on catalytic reforming of tars produced in 6.romass gasification are uerformed usinn a bench-scale, fluid-bed catalvtic reformer wntaininn a commercial nickel-based cat&St. The oroduci PBSwmwsition and y&ld vary with reformer temperature, space hme, ana steam-biomass ratio. 96/01706 The affect of whola-traa storage on tha fualwood propartlaa of l hort-rotation Sallx crop8 Nti, J. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (4), 245249. A 7-year-old stand of willow (&dir ‘Aquatica’) was manually felled by using a chain saw and a clearing saw. Unwmminuted stems were piled and stored for 18 months. The heating value and basic density of the material changed over the storage period, The moisture content dropped from the initial 54% to 26% by the end of the second summer of storage. The bark content dropped from 24.1 to 14.9%.
energyl
%I01706 Efflclent and envlronmentallyround blomaaa productlon l vatama 1!382-1994 Zauffa, L. 8;d Gambles, R. L. B’ wmass & Bioenergy, 1995.9, (l), l-5. The achievements of Task VJU (Efficient and Environmentally-Sound Production Systems) of the IEA Bioenergy Agreement are reviewed. Some of the achievements of the Task’s Activities are highlighted, such as the development of a compute&d handbook on.short rotation fore&y, DNA ~d;~rnir$rg, disease surveys, waste drsposal and envimmnental
%.lOl7Q7 Elactrktty raaaarch program
from cotton waste a poaalbllty
following
Queensland Power, Australia, Aug. 1995. p. 13. A short description on how a team of New South Wales (Australia) scientists and engineers is attempting to develop hardware for feeding cotton trash and stalks into a gasifier, and are conducting gasification plant trials and detailing design and costmg of larger commercial units.
86lOl706 End of Taak Report of the IA (Inclnaratlon Actlvlty) of Teak Xl of the Bloanargy Agraamant of tha IEA Temmink, H. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995. 9, (l), 351.363. In 1986 the IEA Bioenergy Agreement’s MSW conversion activity was set up in the framework of the IEA Bioenergy Agreement, Its purpose was to provide an infrastructure for sharing informatron sad coordmatmg work in this area internationally. The activity programme covered three years and was extened for three more years in 1989 and 1992 This report describes the results of this last period, 1992-1994 of the Incineration Activity of Task ?CI. deal n for optlmlzatlon of cya96/01709 Exparlmantal nobactarlal blomaaa production f n a low-coat bloraactor Sathiyamoorthy, P. and Shanmugasundaram, S. Bioresource Technology, 1995, 53, (3), 225-229. Algal production on an industrial scale is more of an engineering problem than merely raising monoalgal cultures. Each operation is critical in the overall cost-benefit analvsis with the unoredictabilitv of a life form a culture being a challenge. I’0 provide gene&ally pure s&ins of economically important cyanobacteria, our laboratory began efforts to develop a low-cost culture vessel and a low-wst bioreactor. The authors have attempted tc find out the optimum levels of inoculum sixe, pH and individual macrcelement requirements to enhance the cyanobacterial biomass by a mathematical design matrix model. 96lOl7lO Faaalblllty of power production with pyrolyala and gaalflcatlon l yatama Solantausta, Y. et al., Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 9, (l), 257269. The objective of the study was to evaluate the development potential of advanced power production systems based on biomass pyrolysis and gasification. Several alternative process configurations and power plant types (diesel, gas turbine, combined cycle) were compared to wnventronsl steam cycle power plants. Electricity production capacities between 5 to 60 MWe were included. It was shown that although presently more e conventional alternatives, all the new options have poten tii.E=A?~: development. The biomass to power projects are most likely at sites, where low cost side uroducts are available m countries. which have a favourable electricity tariff or subsidies for renewables. These projects are often small scale. 96101711 Formation of organic compounda In auparhaatad steam drying of bark chlpa Bjork, H. and Rasmuson, A Fuel, Jan. 1996, 75, (1), 81-64. The formation of organic wmpounds during steam drying of bark chips in the exhaust steam was investigated as a function of time, with temperature and age of bark chips as independent parameters. The rate of formation strongly depends on temperature. ‘fbe results suggest that the amount of organic compounds in the exhaust steam can be minimized by drying stored bark at ‘low’ temperature, with a short drying time. 96IOl712 Harvaatlng amall tree8 and foraat raalduaa Gingras, J. F. Biomass & Bioenergv, 1995, 9, (l), 153-160. This report summariaes the progress achieved under the auspices of the Activity ‘Harvestin small trees and forest residues’ during 1992-1994. The work performe b*mcluded literature reviews to assesspotentially recoverable material as a function of harvesting system, analysis of factors affecting chipping quality and productivity, a comparison of firewood processing technologies, small tree and residue harvesting method reviews, a description of some prototype combination machines for recovering roundwood and forest biomass and an update on multiple-tree handling harvester head development in the Nordic countries.
Fuel and Energy Abatracta
March 1996
115