- Email: [email protected]
03980 Application of photo-voltaics to vineyard irrigation
07
Alternative
energy sources (geothermal
energy)
96103970 Strategies for achieving a sustalnable, clean and cost-etfectlve blomass resource Turnbull, J. H. Biomnss & Bioenergy, 1996, 10, (2), 93-100. Biomass, produced in an economically and environmentally sustainable manner, could realistically be used to supply 50,000 MW (5 quads) of electric capacity by the year 2010, and probably twice that amount by the vear 2030. Since 1992, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) have each been independentlykvaluating the potential for biomass to become a major renewable energy resource over the next four decades, capable of offsetting some of the U.S. dependency on fossil fuels while also offering important environmental and economic benefits. The paper presents EPRI’s conclusions, which are more conservative than those of the U.S. DOE, and outlines possible strategies by which EPRI can advance acceptance of biomass as a preferred renewable resource.
96103971 Studies of the soiubiiization kinetics of solid organic residues during anaerobic biomethanation Jash, T. and Ghosh, D. N. Energy, Jul.-Aug. 1996, 21, (7), 725-730. The solubilization rates of some organic residues during anaerobic biomethanation have been studied and rate equations developed. The effects of selected variables on the solubilization rate have been determined.
96103972 Thermal analysis of biomass and corresponding pyrolysis products Ghetti, P. ef al., Fud, Apr. 1995, 75, (5), 565-573. Biomass samples were submitted to thermoanalytical investigations to evaluate their thermal behaviour in both oxidizing and inert atmospheres. The trend of the t.e.a. and d.t.e. curves in air or He were evaluated to obtain information & reactivity;f the samples and some correlations with their analytical characteristics. In particular, evaluation of lignin content was found to be useful to predict biomass thermal behaviour and the quality of pyrolysis products obtained. As the standard determination of lignin content is complicated, an alternative method using thermogravimetry was also used. A simple laboratory apparatus was used to obtain the pyrolysis products of the biomass samples, allowing a small amount of oil to be collected for thermogravimetric evaluation of its quality.
96103973 Wood cofiring evaluation Bionlass $;9ld,,B. A. and Tillman, D. A.
at TVA power plants & Bioeuergy, 1996, 10, (2),
Reoorts that the Foster Wheeler Environmental and Reaction Eneineerine In&national (REI) conducted site-specific case studies of cofirigg woodderived fuel and coal at existing fossil-fired boilers within the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) power generation system. The case studies were part of a one-year strategic biomass assessment of the TVA region, jointly funded by TVA Research and Development, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NRELIDOE), and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The paper addresses TVA’s interest in utilizing biomass as a power generation option and the progress of the cofiring case studies through 1993.
Geothermal
Energy
96103974 Direct uses of geothermal energy 1995 Freeston. D. H. Geothermics. 1996. 25. (21. 189-214. The worldwide application of geothermal energy for non-electric use is reviewed. The paper attempts to update the previous survey carried out in 1990 by the same author and presented at the International Symposium in Hawaii.
96103975 Geochemical approach to the Bou Hadjar hydrothermal svstem INE Aiaeria) Kedaid, F. 2. and MesbahyM. ‘Georhermics, lY96, 25, (2), 240-257. The Bou Hadjar low-temperature hydrothermal system is located in northeast Algeria. The four main thermal springs that are the subject of the study emerge with temperatures between 32 and 60°C from allochthonous formalions. The reservoir temperatures has been estimated from chemical compositions by utilizing simultaneously the silica, gas and sulphate-water oxygen isotope geothermometers, fluid-mineral equilibrium calculations, and a mixing model. According to these thermometric methods. the most probable s&surface temperature is in the range 75-106°C. The mixing model suggests a temperature of 125°C for the parent water.
96103976 Geochemical characteristics of the Yufuin plume, Beppu hydrothermal system, Japan Sturchio, N. C. et al., GeorhermicJ, 1996. 25, (2). 215-230.
278
Fuel and Energy
Abstracts
July
1996
outflow
Groundwater clrculatlon In the NEA Kessanl low96103977 temperature geothermal field (NE Greece) Grassi, S. er ai., Georhermics, 1996, 25, (2), i31-247. The paper discusses the low-temperature geothermal field of Nea Kessani, in NE Greece. which is characterized bv a thermal reservoir made UD of arkosic sandstones. The temperature diitribution in depth, inferred from exploratory and productive wells, indicates that hot fluids rising from depth enter the arkosic reservoir in a restricted area of the field and flow field towards local thermal springs. Well production tests have revealed the presence of hydrogeological boundaries within the arkosic reservoir. 96103976 Scale prevention method by brine acidification with biochemical reactors Hirowatari, K. Georhernzics, 1996, 25, (2), 259-270. Siliceous scale deposition often causes serious problems in geothermal power stations. In order to solve these problems, a number of scale prevention methods have been proposed to date, one of which is brine acidification. Although it is well known that silica depositions is prevented by keeping the pH of the geothermal brine acidic, the pH adjustment of the brine by mineral acid injection has not been commerciallv applied so far in geothermal power stations. A new method is proposed in which sulphuric acid can be biochemically manufactured from hydrogen sulphide in the gas exhausted from geothermal power stations. The applicability of this method has been experimentally confirmed in field tests with a biochemical reactor. It is believed that the method will provide an economical and environmentally friendly acidification process to prevent siliceous scale deposition. The status of world geothermal power production 96103979 1990-1994 Huttrer, G. W. Georllernlics, Apr. 1996, 25, (2), 165-187. The paper presents a summary of the status of geothermal power develooment in the world, based on the papers subm?ted by gedthermists from each country to the World Geothermal Congress ‘95. Future prospects are also briefly discussed.
Solar
Energy
96103960 Lawrance, ANZSES,
ADDiication of DhOtO-VOitaiCS to vinevard W. B: ‘et al., Proc. ‘Solar ‘95 Conference i&or,
irrioation TaGin&
Box 124, Caulfield East, Vie. 3145, Ausrraiia.
Describes a simple scheme for irrigating the sole energy source.
small areas using photovoltaics
as
96/03981 An assessment of photovoltaic power in the Teistra network Muirhead, I. J. and Hawkins, B. K. Proc. Solar ‘95 Conference, Hobart, Tasmania, ANZSES,
Box 124, Caulfield East, Vie. 3145, Australia.
Generally speaking, the quality of PV modules used in the Telstra network is now quite high. But over the past 21 years that PV has been used to power remote communications equipment a number of problems have been observed. Some of these problems have been confined to a small number of modules only; others have been quite significant. The paper presents the results of research and practical experience resulting from Telstra’s experience with PV. 96103982 Building the dream: A solar cabin Yanda, B. Solar Today, Mar.-Apr. 1996, 10, (2), 30-32. The author describes his dream-solar-powered cabin in the Sangre Cristo mountains of northern New Mexico.
de
96103983 Buried contact silicon solar ceil research at the University of New South Wales Ebong, A. U. er al., Proc. Solar ‘95 Conference, Hobart, Taxmania, ANZSES,
Box 124, Caulfield East, VK. 3145, Australia.
The paper describes the buried contact solar cell research at UNSW which incl;d& the development of the double sided structure for increased cell efficiency, cost reduction and simplicity. The case for net metering PV systems 96103984 Nelson, L. el al., Solar Today, Mar.-Apr. 1996, 10, (2), p, 54. Reports that from 1 January 1996, a new law requires all electric utilities providing residential electric services in California to make standard contracts or tariffs available that provide net energy metering for residential customers who own and operate photovoltaic systems. 96103985 Cathodic arc deposition of thin films for solar energy conversion devices Yin, Y. and McKenzie, D. R. Proc. Solar ‘95 Conference. Hoharl. TUTMIIIL(,, ANZSES, Box 124, Caulfield East, VK. 3145: Auswalia. The paper discusses and demonstrates the possibility of applying cathodic arc deposition technology to the production of solar energy conversion devices, such as thin film solar cells and solar thermal selective absorbers.
Alternative
energy sources (geothermal
energy)
96103970 Strategies for achieving a sustalnable, clean and cost-etfectlve blomass resource Turnbull, J. H. Biomnss & Bioenergy, 1996, 10, (2), 93-100. Biomass, produced in an economically and environmentally sustainable manner, could realistically be used to supply 50,000 MW (5 quads) of electric capacity by the year 2010, and probably twice that amount by the vear 2030. Since 1992, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) have each been independentlykvaluating the potential for biomass to become a major renewable energy resource over the next four decades, capable of offsetting some of the U.S. dependency on fossil fuels while also offering important environmental and economic benefits. The paper presents EPRI’s conclusions, which are more conservative than those of the U.S. DOE, and outlines possible strategies by which EPRI can advance acceptance of biomass as a preferred renewable resource.
96103971 Studies of the soiubiiization kinetics of solid organic residues during anaerobic biomethanation Jash, T. and Ghosh, D. N. Energy, Jul.-Aug. 1996, 21, (7), 725-730. The solubilization rates of some organic residues during anaerobic biomethanation have been studied and rate equations developed. The effects of selected variables on the solubilization rate have been determined.
96103972 Thermal analysis of biomass and corresponding pyrolysis products Ghetti, P. ef al., Fud, Apr. 1995, 75, (5), 565-573. Biomass samples were submitted to thermoanalytical investigations to evaluate their thermal behaviour in both oxidizing and inert atmospheres. The trend of the t.e.a. and d.t.e. curves in air or He were evaluated to obtain information & reactivity;f the samples and some correlations with their analytical characteristics. In particular, evaluation of lignin content was found to be useful to predict biomass thermal behaviour and the quality of pyrolysis products obtained. As the standard determination of lignin content is complicated, an alternative method using thermogravimetry was also used. A simple laboratory apparatus was used to obtain the pyrolysis products of the biomass samples, allowing a small amount of oil to be collected for thermogravimetric evaluation of its quality.
96103973 Wood cofiring evaluation Bionlass $;9ld,,B. A. and Tillman, D. A.
at TVA power plants & Bioeuergy, 1996, 10, (2),
Reoorts that the Foster Wheeler Environmental and Reaction Eneineerine In&national (REI) conducted site-specific case studies of cofirigg woodderived fuel and coal at existing fossil-fired boilers within the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) power generation system. The case studies were part of a one-year strategic biomass assessment of the TVA region, jointly funded by TVA Research and Development, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NRELIDOE), and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The paper addresses TVA’s interest in utilizing biomass as a power generation option and the progress of the cofiring case studies through 1993.
Geothermal
Energy
96103974 Direct uses of geothermal energy 1995 Freeston. D. H. Geothermics. 1996. 25. (21. 189-214. The worldwide application of geothermal energy for non-electric use is reviewed. The paper attempts to update the previous survey carried out in 1990 by the same author and presented at the International Symposium in Hawaii.
96103975 Geochemical approach to the Bou Hadjar hydrothermal svstem INE Aiaeria) Kedaid, F. 2. and MesbahyM. ‘Georhermics, lY96, 25, (2), 240-257. The Bou Hadjar low-temperature hydrothermal system is located in northeast Algeria. The four main thermal springs that are the subject of the study emerge with temperatures between 32 and 60°C from allochthonous formalions. The reservoir temperatures has been estimated from chemical compositions by utilizing simultaneously the silica, gas and sulphate-water oxygen isotope geothermometers, fluid-mineral equilibrium calculations, and a mixing model. According to these thermometric methods. the most probable s&surface temperature is in the range 75-106°C. The mixing model suggests a temperature of 125°C for the parent water.
96103976 Geochemical characteristics of the Yufuin plume, Beppu hydrothermal system, Japan Sturchio, N. C. et al., GeorhermicJ, 1996. 25, (2). 215-230.
278
Fuel and Energy
Abstracts
July
1996
outflow
Groundwater clrculatlon In the NEA Kessanl low96103977 temperature geothermal field (NE Greece) Grassi, S. er ai., Georhermics, 1996, 25, (2), i31-247. The paper discusses the low-temperature geothermal field of Nea Kessani, in NE Greece. which is characterized bv a thermal reservoir made UD of arkosic sandstones. The temperature diitribution in depth, inferred from exploratory and productive wells, indicates that hot fluids rising from depth enter the arkosic reservoir in a restricted area of the field and flow field towards local thermal springs. Well production tests have revealed the presence of hydrogeological boundaries within the arkosic reservoir. 96103976 Scale prevention method by brine acidification with biochemical reactors Hirowatari, K. Georhernzics, 1996, 25, (2), 259-270. Siliceous scale deposition often causes serious problems in geothermal power stations. In order to solve these problems, a number of scale prevention methods have been proposed to date, one of which is brine acidification. Although it is well known that silica depositions is prevented by keeping the pH of the geothermal brine acidic, the pH adjustment of the brine by mineral acid injection has not been commerciallv applied so far in geothermal power stations. A new method is proposed in which sulphuric acid can be biochemically manufactured from hydrogen sulphide in the gas exhausted from geothermal power stations. The applicability of this method has been experimentally confirmed in field tests with a biochemical reactor. It is believed that the method will provide an economical and environmentally friendly acidification process to prevent siliceous scale deposition. The status of world geothermal power production 96103979 1990-1994 Huttrer, G. W. Georllernlics, Apr. 1996, 25, (2), 165-187. The paper presents a summary of the status of geothermal power develooment in the world, based on the papers subm?ted by gedthermists from each country to the World Geothermal Congress ‘95. Future prospects are also briefly discussed.
Solar
Energy
96103960 Lawrance, ANZSES,
ADDiication of DhOtO-VOitaiCS to vinevard W. B: ‘et al., Proc. ‘Solar ‘95 Conference i&or,
irrioation TaGin&
Box 124, Caulfield East, Vie. 3145, Ausrraiia.
Describes a simple scheme for irrigating the sole energy source.
small areas using photovoltaics
as
96/03981 An assessment of photovoltaic power in the Teistra network Muirhead, I. J. and Hawkins, B. K. Proc. Solar ‘95 Conference, Hobart, Tasmania, ANZSES,
Box 124, Caulfield East, Vie. 3145, Australia.
Generally speaking, the quality of PV modules used in the Telstra network is now quite high. But over the past 21 years that PV has been used to power remote communications equipment a number of problems have been observed. Some of these problems have been confined to a small number of modules only; others have been quite significant. The paper presents the results of research and practical experience resulting from Telstra’s experience with PV. 96103982 Building the dream: A solar cabin Yanda, B. Solar Today, Mar.-Apr. 1996, 10, (2), 30-32. The author describes his dream-solar-powered cabin in the Sangre Cristo mountains of northern New Mexico.
de
96103983 Buried contact silicon solar ceil research at the University of New South Wales Ebong, A. U. er al., Proc. Solar ‘95 Conference, Hobart, Taxmania, ANZSES,
Box 124, Caulfield East, VK. 3145, Australia.
The paper describes the buried contact solar cell research at UNSW which incl;d& the development of the double sided structure for increased cell efficiency, cost reduction and simplicity. The case for net metering PV systems 96103984 Nelson, L. el al., Solar Today, Mar.-Apr. 1996, 10, (2), p, 54. Reports that from 1 January 1996, a new law requires all electric utilities providing residential electric services in California to make standard contracts or tariffs available that provide net energy metering for residential customers who own and operate photovoltaic systems. 96103985 Cathodic arc deposition of thin films for solar energy conversion devices Yin, Y. and McKenzie, D. R. Proc. Solar ‘95 Conference. Hoharl. TUTMIIIL(,, ANZSES, Box 124, Caulfield East, VK. 3145: Auswalia. The paper discusses and demonstrates the possibility of applying cathodic arc deposition technology to the production of solar energy conversion devices, such as thin film solar cells and solar thermal selective absorbers.