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04327 Coal utilization technology for reducing carbon dioxide emission
15 Envifonment (pollution, health protection, safety) 96104319
Catalysts
In decomposition
of ammonia
Sugishima, N. et al., (Assigned to) Nippon Catalytic Chem. Ind., JAP. Pat. JP.O7,289,897, Nov. 1995. The catalysts and the process are suitable for various waste gases from coke oven, denitration process using NH, as reducing agents, wastewater treatment facilities, etc. to decomposition of NH, to N and H,O by oxidation. 96104320 Catalytic hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hvdrocarbons with coke oven oas Biaekman-Danheux, C. et al., Fuel Apr. 1995, 75, (5), 579-584. To improve the economy of the conversion of polyaromatic molecules to their hydroaromatics analogues, catalytic hydrogenation of phenanthrene has been carried out under pressure of different simulated coke oven gases instead of pure hydrogen. The influence of reaction time, temperature and pressure on the hydrogenation yields and on the nature of the obtained products has been studied. Comparisons have been made with reaction with pure hydrogen under the same conditions. The influence of the different components of a real coke oven gas has also been indicated. The results indicate that coke oven gas can be used if the goal is to obtain not perhydroaromatic compounds for thermal cracking but partly hydrogenated compounds to be used as hydrogen donor solvent is a coal liquefaction process. The results have been applied to highly aromatic fractions of coal tar. 96104321 The challenge of sustainability. Balancing China’s energy, economic and environmental goals Byrne, J. et al., Energy Policy, May 1996, 24, (5), 455-462. In recent years, China has experienced rapid economic growth and equally rapid increases in energy use. As a result, energy induced environmental degradation has also increased in China, especially in its urban areas. When this fact is coualed with China’s reauirement for further economic expansion to meet the’growing needs of its’population, it is clear that the country faces great challenges in balancing its goal of economic growth with environmental sustainability. The paper suggests that an alternative energy path emphasizing energy efficiency and renewable energy development can be in China’s long-term economic and environmental interest. 96104322 Characteristics of ‘%r ‘3’Cs and z3Q8z40Pu migration in undisturbed solIs of Southern ‘Belarus after the Chernobyl accident Knatko, V. A. et al., J. Environ. Radioacrivity, 1996, 30, (2), 185-196. Soil samples were taken from three sites representing typical undisturbed soils in the southern part of Belarus contaminated with Chernobyl fallout. The activity of ‘“Sr, ‘j’Cs and 23y.““Pu in soil horizon O-20 cm were measured. The data obtained were used to evaluate compartment model parameters of radionuclide migration in soil layers at different depths. According to the results, the parameters of migration obtained for various sites differ by more than a factor of two. The smallest site averaged values of parameters were obtained for 13’. 2’“Pu and the largest for “‘Sr. The calculations show that in most cases, the migration rates of ‘?r and “‘Cs tend to increase with increasing depth. 96104323 Clean air program: Summary assessment of the safety, health, environmental and system risks of alternative fuel Murphy, M. J. er al., Report DOT-VNTSC-FTA-95-5, Order No.PB9527132GAR, NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA.22161, USA, 140 pp The handbook contains safety, health, and environmental issues of the production, bulk transport, and bulk storage of alternative fuels, with emphasis on transport and storage. 96104324 CO alarms come of age Marsden. P. Gas Engng. Mgmnr., Dec. 1995, 3.5, 2-3. Reports that the British Standard BS.7850 will be published shortly for carbon monoxide alarms. Points out that an estimated 240 people per year could be dying in Britain from CO poisoning and many more suffering from brain damage and illness. With the costs of the good quality alarms falling to about the f20.00 mark, the belief is that they could become as common as smoke alarms. Discusses the siting of CO alarms, and the characteristics of plug-ins, drop lead and hard wired and battery alarms. CO, capture and disposal: The realism of large 96104325 scale scenarios Haugen, H. A. and Eide. L. I. Energy Cowers. Mgmr., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37. (6). lOhl-lnh6. Several options for the capture and disposal of carbon dioxide from combustion of fossil fuels in power plants have been proposed and proven technically feasible. So far, most feasibility studies have been limited to single or a few power plants. A need was felt to assess the feasibility of reducing e.g. Europe’s carbon dioxide emissions by. say. 30% through capture and disposal and/or utilisation. With background in available studies, the paper discusses the realism of disposal on a large scale in the ocean, in aquifer and in hydrocarbon reservoirs, as well as biofixation of carbon dioxide.
96104326 Coal ash leachate potential from stoker boilers Cerbus, J. F. et al., Report CERL-TR-FE-95106, Order NoAD-A290819, NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA.22161, USA, 1995, 129 pp. The study investigated the hazardous potential of industrial coal-fired boiler wastes and outlines disposal regulations and feasible disposal options. The coal and ash samples from three Illinois sites were examined and the leaching characteristics of the ash samples analyzed with specially designed laboratory extraction procedures in association with inductively coupled plasma-atmospheric emission spectroscopy analysis. 96104327 Coal utilization technology for reducing carbon dioxide emission Inaba, A. and Okada, K. Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1919-1922. The paper discusses the gross heating values of the products of coal conversion technologies (coal gasification and coal liquefaction) which are calculated for various coals assuming the theoretical reactions. The overall CO, emissions were estimated including combustion products and CO, generated from conversion.
96104326 Coal-based activated carbons: NO, and SO, postcombustion emission control Stencel, J. M. and Rubel, A. M. Coal Sci. Tedrnol., 1995, 24, (2), 179171794. A coal-based activated carbon was used to adsorb nitric oxide NO and SO, at temperatures between 20-140”. At a relative NO/SO, ratio of 4011, the the conversion o f NO-to-NO, was decreased by rate of NO uptake and 1 approximately 15% as compared to the case when no SO, as present. Adsorbed NOI consisted of two species, the more strongly bound of which could be removed by desorption at temperatures between 100-150”.
96104329 Combustion characteristics of wet sludge in a fluidized bed. Release and combustion of the volatiles Ogada. T. and Werther, .I. Fuel, Apr. 1995, 75, (5), 617-626. It has been reported that 11, 25 and 55% of the sludge produced in the European Union, USA and Japan respectively is incinerated. Because of the limitations currently facing the other sludge disposal outlets, it is expected that incineration will increase rapidly in the next decade. However, the formation of poisonous solid and gaseous by-products during sludge incineration is currently a source of public concern. Combustion characteristics of wet sewage sludge were investigated in both laboratory and semi-pilot-scale fluidized bed combustors. The aims were to determine the influence of the high water content of sludge on its combustion process, the distribution of sludge carbon between the volatiles and char, the location of the release and combustion of the volatiles and the concentrations of char carbon in the bed.
96104330 Computer modelling of underground CO, storage Van der Meer, L. G. Energy Cowers. Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 1155-l 160. The paper presents the findings of a study to ascertain the practical capabilities of commercial available reservoir simulators to predict the effects of CO, injection underground and the storage potential of a wide range of underground environments. Three simulations principals previously used for CO, storage are applied on a single test problem. The predictive results of these simulations are compared. Possible improvements to the simulation methods are suggested.
Conceptual design of an integrated solid CO, pene96104331 trator marine disposal system Guevel, P. et al., Energy Conver.s. Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 1053-1060. A disposal technique for carbon dioxide, consisting of burying solid CO, penetrators into the deep seabed has been proposed. The expected weight of these penetrators can be as large as 1000 tons with lengths between 20 to 40m and diameters of 4-5m. In order to produce and dispose of such large penetrators, an engineering approach has to be developed to investigate the feasibility of the process from the sources (industrial and thermal electrical productIon sites) to the sink (deep marine geological formation). A 5 Mtiyear CO, disposal capacity, has been selected for the study. This corresponds to a 500 MW(e) coal fired power plant assumed to be in the vicinity of a coastal port.
Consequence of the Klzel Coalfield acid mine water disposal into karst cavities Maximovich, N. G. er al.. Proc. 8111Int Water-Rock Interacr. Proc., Bnlkema. Rorrer-dam, The Nerherland,, 1YY5, 885-888. The paper discusses the discharge of acid coal mine water into carbonate karst cavities which leads to changes of surface and underground water composition by filling the karst cavities with Fe-bearing deposits, and changes in the hydrogeology and hydrology regimes of the region occur. Discusses the results of coal mine water discharge in the West Urals Kizel coal basin. 96104332
Fuel and Energy
Abstracts
July
1996
299
Catalysts
In decomposition
of ammonia
Sugishima, N. et al., (Assigned to) Nippon Catalytic Chem. Ind., JAP. Pat. JP.O7,289,897, Nov. 1995. The catalysts and the process are suitable for various waste gases from coke oven, denitration process using NH, as reducing agents, wastewater treatment facilities, etc. to decomposition of NH, to N and H,O by oxidation. 96104320 Catalytic hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hvdrocarbons with coke oven oas Biaekman-Danheux, C. et al., Fuel Apr. 1995, 75, (5), 579-584. To improve the economy of the conversion of polyaromatic molecules to their hydroaromatics analogues, catalytic hydrogenation of phenanthrene has been carried out under pressure of different simulated coke oven gases instead of pure hydrogen. The influence of reaction time, temperature and pressure on the hydrogenation yields and on the nature of the obtained products has been studied. Comparisons have been made with reaction with pure hydrogen under the same conditions. The influence of the different components of a real coke oven gas has also been indicated. The results indicate that coke oven gas can be used if the goal is to obtain not perhydroaromatic compounds for thermal cracking but partly hydrogenated compounds to be used as hydrogen donor solvent is a coal liquefaction process. The results have been applied to highly aromatic fractions of coal tar. 96104321 The challenge of sustainability. Balancing China’s energy, economic and environmental goals Byrne, J. et al., Energy Policy, May 1996, 24, (5), 455-462. In recent years, China has experienced rapid economic growth and equally rapid increases in energy use. As a result, energy induced environmental degradation has also increased in China, especially in its urban areas. When this fact is coualed with China’s reauirement for further economic expansion to meet the’growing needs of its’population, it is clear that the country faces great challenges in balancing its goal of economic growth with environmental sustainability. The paper suggests that an alternative energy path emphasizing energy efficiency and renewable energy development can be in China’s long-term economic and environmental interest. 96104322 Characteristics of ‘%r ‘3’Cs and z3Q8z40Pu migration in undisturbed solIs of Southern ‘Belarus after the Chernobyl accident Knatko, V. A. et al., J. Environ. Radioacrivity, 1996, 30, (2), 185-196. Soil samples were taken from three sites representing typical undisturbed soils in the southern part of Belarus contaminated with Chernobyl fallout. The activity of ‘“Sr, ‘j’Cs and 23y.““Pu in soil horizon O-20 cm were measured. The data obtained were used to evaluate compartment model parameters of radionuclide migration in soil layers at different depths. According to the results, the parameters of migration obtained for various sites differ by more than a factor of two. The smallest site averaged values of parameters were obtained for 13’. 2’“Pu and the largest for “‘Sr. The calculations show that in most cases, the migration rates of ‘?r and “‘Cs tend to increase with increasing depth. 96104323 Clean air program: Summary assessment of the safety, health, environmental and system risks of alternative fuel Murphy, M. J. er al., Report DOT-VNTSC-FTA-95-5, Order No.PB9527132GAR, NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA.22161, USA, 140 pp The handbook contains safety, health, and environmental issues of the production, bulk transport, and bulk storage of alternative fuels, with emphasis on transport and storage. 96104324 CO alarms come of age Marsden. P. Gas Engng. Mgmnr., Dec. 1995, 3.5, 2-3. Reports that the British Standard BS.7850 will be published shortly for carbon monoxide alarms. Points out that an estimated 240 people per year could be dying in Britain from CO poisoning and many more suffering from brain damage and illness. With the costs of the good quality alarms falling to about the f20.00 mark, the belief is that they could become as common as smoke alarms. Discusses the siting of CO alarms, and the characteristics of plug-ins, drop lead and hard wired and battery alarms. CO, capture and disposal: The realism of large 96104325 scale scenarios Haugen, H. A. and Eide. L. I. Energy Cowers. Mgmr., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37. (6). lOhl-lnh6. Several options for the capture and disposal of carbon dioxide from combustion of fossil fuels in power plants have been proposed and proven technically feasible. So far, most feasibility studies have been limited to single or a few power plants. A need was felt to assess the feasibility of reducing e.g. Europe’s carbon dioxide emissions by. say. 30% through capture and disposal and/or utilisation. With background in available studies, the paper discusses the realism of disposal on a large scale in the ocean, in aquifer and in hydrocarbon reservoirs, as well as biofixation of carbon dioxide.
96104326 Coal ash leachate potential from stoker boilers Cerbus, J. F. et al., Report CERL-TR-FE-95106, Order NoAD-A290819, NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA.22161, USA, 1995, 129 pp. The study investigated the hazardous potential of industrial coal-fired boiler wastes and outlines disposal regulations and feasible disposal options. The coal and ash samples from three Illinois sites were examined and the leaching characteristics of the ash samples analyzed with specially designed laboratory extraction procedures in association with inductively coupled plasma-atmospheric emission spectroscopy analysis. 96104327 Coal utilization technology for reducing carbon dioxide emission Inaba, A. and Okada, K. Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1919-1922. The paper discusses the gross heating values of the products of coal conversion technologies (coal gasification and coal liquefaction) which are calculated for various coals assuming the theoretical reactions. The overall CO, emissions were estimated including combustion products and CO, generated from conversion.
96104326 Coal-based activated carbons: NO, and SO, postcombustion emission control Stencel, J. M. and Rubel, A. M. Coal Sci. Tedrnol., 1995, 24, (2), 179171794. A coal-based activated carbon was used to adsorb nitric oxide NO and SO, at temperatures between 20-140”. At a relative NO/SO, ratio of 4011, the the conversion o f NO-to-NO, was decreased by rate of NO uptake and 1 approximately 15% as compared to the case when no SO, as present. Adsorbed NOI consisted of two species, the more strongly bound of which could be removed by desorption at temperatures between 100-150”.
96104329 Combustion characteristics of wet sludge in a fluidized bed. Release and combustion of the volatiles Ogada. T. and Werther, .I. Fuel, Apr. 1995, 75, (5), 617-626. It has been reported that 11, 25 and 55% of the sludge produced in the European Union, USA and Japan respectively is incinerated. Because of the limitations currently facing the other sludge disposal outlets, it is expected that incineration will increase rapidly in the next decade. However, the formation of poisonous solid and gaseous by-products during sludge incineration is currently a source of public concern. Combustion characteristics of wet sewage sludge were investigated in both laboratory and semi-pilot-scale fluidized bed combustors. The aims were to determine the influence of the high water content of sludge on its combustion process, the distribution of sludge carbon between the volatiles and char, the location of the release and combustion of the volatiles and the concentrations of char carbon in the bed.
96104330 Computer modelling of underground CO, storage Van der Meer, L. G. Energy Cowers. Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 1155-l 160. The paper presents the findings of a study to ascertain the practical capabilities of commercial available reservoir simulators to predict the effects of CO, injection underground and the storage potential of a wide range of underground environments. Three simulations principals previously used for CO, storage are applied on a single test problem. The predictive results of these simulations are compared. Possible improvements to the simulation methods are suggested.
Conceptual design of an integrated solid CO, pene96104331 trator marine disposal system Guevel, P. et al., Energy Conver.s. Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 1053-1060. A disposal technique for carbon dioxide, consisting of burying solid CO, penetrators into the deep seabed has been proposed. The expected weight of these penetrators can be as large as 1000 tons with lengths between 20 to 40m and diameters of 4-5m. In order to produce and dispose of such large penetrators, an engineering approach has to be developed to investigate the feasibility of the process from the sources (industrial and thermal electrical productIon sites) to the sink (deep marine geological formation). A 5 Mtiyear CO, disposal capacity, has been selected for the study. This corresponds to a 500 MW(e) coal fired power plant assumed to be in the vicinity of a coastal port.
Consequence of the Klzel Coalfield acid mine water disposal into karst cavities Maximovich, N. G. er al.. Proc. 8111Int Water-Rock Interacr. Proc., Bnlkema. Rorrer-dam, The Nerherland,, 1YY5, 885-888. The paper discusses the discharge of acid coal mine water into carbonate karst cavities which leads to changes of surface and underground water composition by filling the karst cavities with Fe-bearing deposits, and changes in the hydrogeology and hydrology regimes of the region occur. Discusses the results of coal mine water discharge in the West Urals Kizel coal basin. 96104332
Fuel and Energy
Abstracts
July
1996
299