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04512 Infrared analysis of flame-generated PAH smaples
16
Fuel science and technology
96/64510 In situ XAFS spectroscopic studies of direct coal liquefaction catalysts Shah, N. er al.. Ener~v Fuels. 1996. 10. (2). 417-420. An in-situ cell capableYdf withstanding typicai’coal liquefaction conditions designed and built for XAFS investigations. Three different Fe-based catalysts(i.e. carboxyl-bound Fe cationsTand two ferrihydrite catalysts derived by precipitation of Fe(N0 )a for direct coal liquefaction were studied for reaction conditions of 1OOd psig (cold) hydrogen pressure and up to 500”. 96104511 In-situ XAFS spectroscopic studies of DCL catalysts Shah, N. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1279-1282. Describes the developmen of an high-pressure, high-temperature EXAFS cell for in-situ investigations of the structure and reactions of direct coal liquefaction catalysts. Three different nanoscale iron-based catalysts were examined and exhibited a transformation of the Fe oxyhydroxide phase to the pyrrhotite phase. 96104512 Infrared analysis of flame-generated PAH smaples McKinnon, J. T. et al., Combusriorr & Flame, Apr. 1996, 105, (l), 161-166. Data from infrared analyses are presented on the functional groups present in dichloromethane-soluble DOlVCVChC aromatic hvdrocarbons IPAH) material sampled from sooting dames as a function ‘of height above the burner. The trends in the data indicate that PAH become progressively more aromatic (and less aliphatic) in nature as they grow up to the point of soot nucleation. At the soot nucleation point, the aromatic-to-aliphatic ratio drops dramatically. These changes are occurring in a zone of the flame in which the temperature is rapidly rising. A hypothesis is presented in which the cleavage of aliphatic groups or loss of aliphatic hydrogens from PAH coincides with the reactive coagulation of PAH to form soot nuclei. Iron species in Argonne Premium Coal samples: 96104513 An investigation using X-ray absorption spectroscopy Wasserman, S. R. er al., Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (2) 392-400. Describes how iron K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to examine the iron species that are present in the Argonne Premium Coal samples, This technique was applied to both native coal samples and ones which had been extracted with concentrated hydrochloric acid. 96164514 Laser desorption mass spectrometry: Technical limitations, fundamentals, and applications to coal Hunt, J. E. and Winans, R. E. Coal Sci. Techrlol., 1995, 24, (l), 319-322. The objective of this study is to assess the scope and limitations of laser desorption (LD) and matrix-assisted laser desorption as applied to coals, Low-tern erature oxidation kinetics of high-volatile 96104515 bituminous coal stu cpled by dynamic In situ 9 GHz C.W. e.p.r. spectroscopy Kudynska, J. and Buckmaster, H. A. Fuel, May 1996. 75. (7). 872-878. The paper explores the potential of using the. Arrhenius diagrammatic analysis of dynamic in siru 9 GHz C.W. e.p.r. data taken in constant timeconstant temperature intervals to calculate ‘activation’ energies characterizing stable free radical reactions that contribute to the various stages of the low-temperature oxidation process. The measurements were made on an Alberta foothills (Luscar) h.v. bituminous coal. Materials for use under high-temperature and cor96104516 rosion conditions Brill, I_. Metal/. (Heidelberg), 1995, 49, (lo), 655-661. (In German) High-temperature and wet corrosion tests were carried out on commercial available alloys under oxidizing, carburizing, sulphiding, chloridizing conditions, under sulnhate deposits. and in comolex media of coal gasification. waste pyrolysis, pulp and’paper industry, and hydrofluorination, providing a first evaluation of their suitability. Maturation of class lb (polylabdanoid) resinites 96104517 Clifford. D. J. and Hatcher, P. G. ACS Symp. Ser., 1995, 617, 92-104. Three polylabdanoid (Class Ib) resinites of increasing thermal maturity, which originated from the Goodwins, Giles Creek, and Heaphy coal seams of New Zealand, were analyzed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The samples were analyzed as received and after Soxhlet extraction with CH,-Cl, and MeOH. Measurement of surface energy of coals by inverse 961045 16 gas chromatography Baquero, M. C. ef al., Coal Sci. Techflol., 1995, 24, (l), 7-10. Describes how fresh samples of coal were demineralized and the dispersive component of the surface energy was measured by inverse gas chromatograohv. The disnersive comoonent of the free surface enerev for different rank’of coal we&higher in’low rank coals. Using probes or&-Et ether and chloroform the acid/base ratio was determined. The results present higher dispersive forces with a similar sequence than the original coal. 96104519 Fukada, K. /P.O7,268,345,
Method for evaluation of metallurgical coke (Assigned to) Nippoll Kokarl KK, JAP. et al.,
Pat.
Oct. 1995.
Describes a method to calculate thermal impact fracture toughness
the thermal impact resistance and the of metallurgical coke for evaluation.
(fundamental
science, analysis, instrumentation)
96104520 Milligram determination of some compounds of anthracene oil fraction of coal tar Shukla, I. C. J. Indian Chem. Sot.. 1995. 72. (10). 763-764. A titrimetric method for milligram ‘determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in anthracene oil (as a fraction in coal tar) was based on redox reaction with K,Fe(CN), and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g. to give a quinone-type product) is described. 96104521 Mineral corn onents of high-salt coals and their conversions under oxidat Pve conditions Simonova, V. V. and Shendrik, T. G. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (6), 81-87. (In Russian) The mineral components of high-salt coals of western Donbass is determined by X-ray analysis of residue from their ashing in cool 0 plasma. Mineral transformations are studied during ashing of these coals at 600”, 800” and during storage. 96104522 Monitoring of structural changes during pitch preparation bv LC and ‘% NMR Martin, Y. et al., CoaiSci. fechnol., 1995, 24, (l), 945-948. Describes a study of changes during heat treatment of coal tar pitch. The techniques used included solvent fractionation and characterization of the whole pitches and their soluble and insoluble fractions. 96104523 Neutron-generator based online coal analysis: A progress report Vourvopoulos, G. er al., Coal Sci. Techttol., 1995, 24, (l), 71-74. Several coal bulk properties such as heat content, moisture, % of volatile matter, and density, can be simultaneously determined on real time basis. The determination of the above quantities is performed through algorithms that contain as independent parameters the H, C, N, 0, S and ash content of coal. The above chemical elements can be measured online in a non destructive way using a pulsed fast-thermal neutron technique. 96104524 Non-destructive determination coals Myawaki, M. er al., (Assigtled IO) Sumitomo JP.O7~2R0,751.
of ash contents il4efal Ind., JAP.
in Pat.
Ocr. 1995.
96104525 Online determination of the ash content in coal using industrial, natural gamma-ray equipment Alvarez, M. C. and Dopico, M. T. Nucl. Geophys., 1995, 9, (6), 619-624. The paper presents an investigation carried out in Spain to develop industrial natural gamma-ray equipment to determine the ash content in coals. 96104526
Proton magnetic resonance thermal analysis of a brown coal: Effect of ion-exchanged metals Wornat, M. J. and Sakurovs, R. Fuel, May 1996, 75, (7), 867-871. Four versions of a Yallourn brown coal, each distinguished by the form of its carboxyl groups (acidic or cation-exchanged with Na, Ca or Ba), were subjected to proton magnetic resonance thermal analysis from 25 to 575°C. Analysis of the profiles of two second-moment parameters, were calculated from the transverse relaxation signals of each coal.
96104527 Sampling and gas chromate raphic analysis of volatile organic compounds in hot an 8 extremely humid emissions Knobloch, T. and Engewald, W. J. High Resolut. Chromarogr., 1995, 18, (IO), 635-642.
Adsorptive enrichment on hydrophobic adsorbents, thermal desorption, and capillary gas-chromatographic analysis were used to determine volatile organic comoounds (VOCs) in extremelv humid stack-gas emissions from th;residential burning of brown coal briquets. These factors enabled a first assessment of the pollution of the city of Leipzig, Germany, with VOCs resulting from the burning of indigenous lignite. 96104526 Statistical determination of geochemical parameters of coal and kerogen macerals from transmission microinfrared spectroscopy data Landais. P. Org. Geochem., 1995, 23, (8) 711-720. Describes how a set of samples including type I and type I1 kerogens and coals (type III), as well as two series of artificially oxidized and matured coals, were analyzed by Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR). 96104529 A study of the organic sulfur distribution in solid fuels by means of atmospheric pressure temperature programmed reduction (AP-TPR) Yperman, J. et al., Coal Sci. TechrIo/., 1995, 24, (2), 1673-1676. Discusses the analysis of low rank coals by the AP-TPR technique and the results compared with those from the high pressure TPR technique. For purposes of comparison a relatively immature Type 1 kerogen has also been investigated. 96104530 Study on structural characteristics and hydrocarbon formation kinetics of pyrolysis products of vitrinite from Fanshi coal Lu, Q. er al., Rar,liao Huawue Xuebao, 1995, 23, (4), 417-422. (In Chinese)
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1996
311
Fuel science and technology
96/64510 In situ XAFS spectroscopic studies of direct coal liquefaction catalysts Shah, N. er al.. Ener~v Fuels. 1996. 10. (2). 417-420. An in-situ cell capableYdf withstanding typicai’coal liquefaction conditions designed and built for XAFS investigations. Three different Fe-based catalysts(i.e. carboxyl-bound Fe cationsTand two ferrihydrite catalysts derived by precipitation of Fe(N0 )a for direct coal liquefaction were studied for reaction conditions of 1OOd psig (cold) hydrogen pressure and up to 500”. 96104511 In-situ XAFS spectroscopic studies of DCL catalysts Shah, N. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1279-1282. Describes the developmen of an high-pressure, high-temperature EXAFS cell for in-situ investigations of the structure and reactions of direct coal liquefaction catalysts. Three different nanoscale iron-based catalysts were examined and exhibited a transformation of the Fe oxyhydroxide phase to the pyrrhotite phase. 96104512 Infrared analysis of flame-generated PAH smaples McKinnon, J. T. et al., Combusriorr & Flame, Apr. 1996, 105, (l), 161-166. Data from infrared analyses are presented on the functional groups present in dichloromethane-soluble DOlVCVChC aromatic hvdrocarbons IPAH) material sampled from sooting dames as a function ‘of height above the burner. The trends in the data indicate that PAH become progressively more aromatic (and less aliphatic) in nature as they grow up to the point of soot nucleation. At the soot nucleation point, the aromatic-to-aliphatic ratio drops dramatically. These changes are occurring in a zone of the flame in which the temperature is rapidly rising. A hypothesis is presented in which the cleavage of aliphatic groups or loss of aliphatic hydrogens from PAH coincides with the reactive coagulation of PAH to form soot nuclei. Iron species in Argonne Premium Coal samples: 96104513 An investigation using X-ray absorption spectroscopy Wasserman, S. R. er al., Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (2) 392-400. Describes how iron K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to examine the iron species that are present in the Argonne Premium Coal samples, This technique was applied to both native coal samples and ones which had been extracted with concentrated hydrochloric acid. 96164514 Laser desorption mass spectrometry: Technical limitations, fundamentals, and applications to coal Hunt, J. E. and Winans, R. E. Coal Sci. Techrlol., 1995, 24, (l), 319-322. The objective of this study is to assess the scope and limitations of laser desorption (LD) and matrix-assisted laser desorption as applied to coals, Low-tern erature oxidation kinetics of high-volatile 96104515 bituminous coal stu cpled by dynamic In situ 9 GHz C.W. e.p.r. spectroscopy Kudynska, J. and Buckmaster, H. A. Fuel, May 1996. 75. (7). 872-878. The paper explores the potential of using the. Arrhenius diagrammatic analysis of dynamic in siru 9 GHz C.W. e.p.r. data taken in constant timeconstant temperature intervals to calculate ‘activation’ energies characterizing stable free radical reactions that contribute to the various stages of the low-temperature oxidation process. The measurements were made on an Alberta foothills (Luscar) h.v. bituminous coal. Materials for use under high-temperature and cor96104516 rosion conditions Brill, I_. Metal/. (Heidelberg), 1995, 49, (lo), 655-661. (In German) High-temperature and wet corrosion tests were carried out on commercial available alloys under oxidizing, carburizing, sulphiding, chloridizing conditions, under sulnhate deposits. and in comolex media of coal gasification. waste pyrolysis, pulp and’paper industry, and hydrofluorination, providing a first evaluation of their suitability. Maturation of class lb (polylabdanoid) resinites 96104517 Clifford. D. J. and Hatcher, P. G. ACS Symp. Ser., 1995, 617, 92-104. Three polylabdanoid (Class Ib) resinites of increasing thermal maturity, which originated from the Goodwins, Giles Creek, and Heaphy coal seams of New Zealand, were analyzed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The samples were analyzed as received and after Soxhlet extraction with CH,-Cl, and MeOH. Measurement of surface energy of coals by inverse 961045 16 gas chromatography Baquero, M. C. ef al., Coal Sci. Techflol., 1995, 24, (l), 7-10. Describes how fresh samples of coal were demineralized and the dispersive component of the surface energy was measured by inverse gas chromatograohv. The disnersive comoonent of the free surface enerev for different rank’of coal we&higher in’low rank coals. Using probes or&-Et ether and chloroform the acid/base ratio was determined. The results present higher dispersive forces with a similar sequence than the original coal. 96104519 Fukada, K. /P.O7,268,345,
Method for evaluation of metallurgical coke (Assigned to) Nippoll Kokarl KK, JAP. et al.,
Pat.
Oct. 1995.
Describes a method to calculate thermal impact fracture toughness
the thermal impact resistance and the of metallurgical coke for evaluation.
(fundamental
science, analysis, instrumentation)
96104520 Milligram determination of some compounds of anthracene oil fraction of coal tar Shukla, I. C. J. Indian Chem. Sot.. 1995. 72. (10). 763-764. A titrimetric method for milligram ‘determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in anthracene oil (as a fraction in coal tar) was based on redox reaction with K,Fe(CN), and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g. to give a quinone-type product) is described. 96104521 Mineral corn onents of high-salt coals and their conversions under oxidat Pve conditions Simonova, V. V. and Shendrik, T. G. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (6), 81-87. (In Russian) The mineral components of high-salt coals of western Donbass is determined by X-ray analysis of residue from their ashing in cool 0 plasma. Mineral transformations are studied during ashing of these coals at 600”, 800” and during storage. 96104522 Monitoring of structural changes during pitch preparation bv LC and ‘% NMR Martin, Y. et al., CoaiSci. fechnol., 1995, 24, (l), 945-948. Describes a study of changes during heat treatment of coal tar pitch. The techniques used included solvent fractionation and characterization of the whole pitches and their soluble and insoluble fractions. 96104523 Neutron-generator based online coal analysis: A progress report Vourvopoulos, G. er al., Coal Sci. Techttol., 1995, 24, (l), 71-74. Several coal bulk properties such as heat content, moisture, % of volatile matter, and density, can be simultaneously determined on real time basis. The determination of the above quantities is performed through algorithms that contain as independent parameters the H, C, N, 0, S and ash content of coal. The above chemical elements can be measured online in a non destructive way using a pulsed fast-thermal neutron technique. 96104524 Non-destructive determination coals Myawaki, M. er al., (Assigtled IO) Sumitomo JP.O7~2R0,751.
of ash contents il4efal Ind., JAP.
in Pat.
Ocr. 1995.
96104525 Online determination of the ash content in coal using industrial, natural gamma-ray equipment Alvarez, M. C. and Dopico, M. T. Nucl. Geophys., 1995, 9, (6), 619-624. The paper presents an investigation carried out in Spain to develop industrial natural gamma-ray equipment to determine the ash content in coals. 96104526
Proton magnetic resonance thermal analysis of a brown coal: Effect of ion-exchanged metals Wornat, M. J. and Sakurovs, R. Fuel, May 1996, 75, (7), 867-871. Four versions of a Yallourn brown coal, each distinguished by the form of its carboxyl groups (acidic or cation-exchanged with Na, Ca or Ba), were subjected to proton magnetic resonance thermal analysis from 25 to 575°C. Analysis of the profiles of two second-moment parameters, were calculated from the transverse relaxation signals of each coal.
96104527 Sampling and gas chromate raphic analysis of volatile organic compounds in hot an 8 extremely humid emissions Knobloch, T. and Engewald, W. J. High Resolut. Chromarogr., 1995, 18, (IO), 635-642.
Adsorptive enrichment on hydrophobic adsorbents, thermal desorption, and capillary gas-chromatographic analysis were used to determine volatile organic comoounds (VOCs) in extremelv humid stack-gas emissions from th;residential burning of brown coal briquets. These factors enabled a first assessment of the pollution of the city of Leipzig, Germany, with VOCs resulting from the burning of indigenous lignite. 96104526 Statistical determination of geochemical parameters of coal and kerogen macerals from transmission microinfrared spectroscopy data Landais. P. Org. Geochem., 1995, 23, (8) 711-720. Describes how a set of samples including type I and type I1 kerogens and coals (type III), as well as two series of artificially oxidized and matured coals, were analyzed by Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR). 96104529 A study of the organic sulfur distribution in solid fuels by means of atmospheric pressure temperature programmed reduction (AP-TPR) Yperman, J. et al., Coal Sci. TechrIo/., 1995, 24, (2), 1673-1676. Discusses the analysis of low rank coals by the AP-TPR technique and the results compared with those from the high pressure TPR technique. For purposes of comparison a relatively immature Type 1 kerogen has also been investigated. 96104530 Study on structural characteristics and hydrocarbon formation kinetics of pyrolysis products of vitrinite from Fanshi coal Lu, Q. er al., Rar,liao Huawue Xuebao, 1995, 23, (4), 417-422. (In Chinese)
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1996
311