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05324 Catalytic combustion for industrial gas turbines
10
Engines (power generation
and propulsion,
electric vehicles)
Sulfur retention in clrculatlng fluldlzed bed coal 96105312 combustion. Modeling and slmulatlon Adanez, J. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1839-1842. A mathematical model was derived for a circulating fluidized-bed coal combustor with limestone coinjection, which integrated hydrodynamic and sulphation kinetics submodels. The results of the effects or pressure drop, bed height, secondary air, sulphur content in coal, particle size distribution, and cyclone operation on sulphur retention were reported. System analysls of thermochemical coal process96105313 Ing In units wlth clrculatlng bolllng layer Korchevoi, Y. P. er al., Energ. Elekfrif: (Kiev), 1995, (l), 41-45. (In Russian) Describes a process for 2-stage gasification of high-ash anthracite in a circulating fluidized bed. Systems for plasma combustion of coal dust at 96105314 thermal power plants Novikov, N. L. et al., Energerik, 1995, (8), 6-8. (In Russian) Describes a plasma system for ignition and combustion stabilization in utility boilers fired with low quality pulverized coal. Such plasma systems eliminate the use of supplemental fuel oil. The temperature de endence of H + OH recomblna96lO5315 tlon In phosphorus oxlde conta Pnlng post-combustion gases Twarowski, A. Combustion & Flame, May 1996, 105, (3) 407-413. The temperature dependence of the rate of H t OH recombination is experimentally investigated using laser photolysis of high-temperature (15002500 K) water vapour. Parametric adjustment of reaction rate constants to fit a simulated OH signal with the experimental OH decay data gives a three-body reaction rate constant for H t OH t M _ MZ t M that is larger than expected lo low temperature and lower at high temperatures. This result could have negative consequences for hypersonic propulsion systems since much of the thrust producing radical recombination occurs at high temperture. Textural aspects of selected hlgh volatile bltuml96105316 nous coal chars Parra, I. B. er al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (l), 623-626. Describes how high-inertinite coals gave chars with lower porosities than low-inertinite coals. Higher temperatures of char preparation increase vitrinite macroporosity and microporosity of both vitrinire and inertinire. Thermal analysls of fluldlzed bed combustion resl96105317 dues contalnlng llmestone scavenger Cumming, J. W. J. Therm. Anal., 1995, 45, (5), 1089-1098. The paper describes a method which has been developed using thermoanalysis techniques for the analysis of residues from coal-burning fluidized bed plant where limestone is used as a sulphur scavenger. This completely eliminates the need for lengthy wet chemical analyses and allows the derivation of parameters necessary for efficient plant operation, such as limestone addition rate, calcium utilization efficiency and calcium to sulphur mole ratio. 96105316 fllas$th
Three-dlmenslonal buoyancy-Induced
modellng flow along
for predlctlon of wall a vertical rectangular
Wang, H. Y. and Joulain, P. Combusrlon & Flame, May 1996, 105, (3), 391-406. The paper presents results on the steady rate of turbulent burning along a vertical rectangular channel in which a buoyancy-induced draft develops. Four different combusrion models are implemented in a parabolized formulation of the three-dimensional consewation equations. The model based on a finite volume method includes the effects of natural convection, diffusion, viscosity, gravitational forces and chemical reactions with energy release. Predictions of the flow field structure and the temperature field are compared for different combustion models and wall fire conditions. Three-dlmenslonal slmulatlon of coal combustion, 96105319 NO klnetlcs, and SO, blndlng In clrculatlng atmospheric fluldIzed-bed furnaces Vockrodt, S. et al.. VDI-Eer., 1995, 1193, 143-151. (In German) Describes rhe development of a three-dimensional simulation model, FLOREAN, for circulating atmospheric fluidized-bed coal combustion and the flow fields, coal burnout, NO formation and decomposition kinetics, and SO? binding with acceptable agreement with experimental values. The model was modified from a model originally developed for pulverized coal firing. 96105320 Trace elements In Spsnlsh subbltumlnous coals and thelr behavlor during coal combustion Querol, X. er al., CoaUci. Techtlol., 1995, 24, (I), 159-162. The study focuses on the occurrence and distribution of trace elements in subbituminous coals from the Terucl and Mequinenza mining districts (Spain).
372
Fuel and Energy
Abstracts
September
1996
Unsteady straln rate and curvature effects In turbu96105321 lent premlxed methane-alr flames Echekki, T. and Chen, J. H. Combusrim Cp:Flame, Jul. 1996. 106, (l), 184-202. Turbulent premixed stoichiometric methane-air flames modelled with reduced kinetics have been studied using the direct numerical simulation approach. The simulations include a four-step reduced mechanism for the oxidation of methane and the molecular transport is modelled with Lewis numbers for individual species. The effects of strain rate and curvature on the intermediate radical concentrations and heat release rate are evaluated. Use of a slmulatlon program for optlmlzatlon of 96105322 brown coal-flred clrculatlng fluldlzed-bed (ZWS) plants Dersch, J. er al., VDI-Ber., 1995, 1193, 135-142. (In German) Describes the development of a simulation program, verified for a smallscale (300 kW, Tech. University Dresden, Germany) and applied to a commercial-scale (162 MW, Wachtberg Power Plant, Germany) brown-coal circulating fluidized-bed unit. Zeroing In on low-NO, burners 96105323 Katzel, J. Plartt Engng., Jan. 1996, 50, (l), 54-58. Discusses how environmental standards have prompted industry 10 find ways to reduce n-0, emissions from combustion equipment. Discusses new burner technology m the USA that offers both compliance with environmental requirements and improved performance. Examines the regulations and h’0, reduction methods and describes various low-NO, burner designs.
10 ENGINES Power Generation Vehicles
and Propulsion,
Electric
Catalytic combustion for lndustrlal gas turblnes 96105324 Anson, D. ef al., Itu. J. ofE‘nergy Research, Aug. 1996, 20, (8), 693-711. The brief review provides a general account of work directed at the use of catalytic combustion in gas turbine engines. A major advantage of using catalytic combustion is that the fuel can be burnt efficiently at temperatures low enough (<15OO”C) to avoid significant oxidation of atmospheric nirrogen. The advantage was less important when catalytic combustion was demonstrated in rhe 1970’s than it is today and received relatively little attention until the following decade. Cheng cycle cogeneratlon saves money on peak 96105325 loads MPS, Modertl Power Systems, Jun. 19Y6, 16, (6), 73, 75, 77. The Technical University of Munich is moving to a new purpose-built building at a campus site at Garching, just outside of the city. The additional load on the campus’s district heating and electricity systems has justified investing in a new Cheng cycle system, which has the flexibility to vary its output of electricity and heat, and hence enable the University to save large sums on peak capacity charges. The computation of flow development through sta96105326 tlonary and rotatlng U-ducts of strong curvature Iacovides, H. er al., Inf. J. Hear & Fluid Flow, Feb. 1996, 17, (l), 22-33. The article presents comparisons between predictions, obtained during the course of this investigation, and recently produced measurements of the flow development through a square cross-sectioned U-bend of strong curvature. Rc/D = 0.65, that is either stationary or in orthogonal rotation. Contours of micro-CHP are becomlng vlslble 96105327 Vermeer, B. Gas (Netherlatrds), Aug. 1996, 116, (7), 18-21. (ln Flemish) The first field tests with micro combined heat and power (CHP) units are at hand. Particularly for existing dwellings this small-scale form of energy conversion seems lo have a good chance ofbeing chosen. In the replacement of central heating boilers (about 150,000 a year) small-scale alternatives are being considered. Micro-CHP seems to have advantages in this field over traditional CH boilers and heat pumps. As far as new housing is concerned, more interesting variants are available which probably will result in fiercer competition. 96105328 Development of heat exchangers operatlng In the very hlgh temperature reglme Kussmaul, K. et al., Proc. Irrt. Cor$ Compos. Mater. Energy, Technomic, Larlcasrer, Pa, USA, 1995, 1012-1018. Describes and research and development programme which was initiated in 1993 to investigate rhe feasibility of a high temperature heat exchanger applied in an electric utility indirect coal-fired gas turbine combined cycle. The purpose of the first phase of the development programme was to determine materials, then available for the use as structural materials in a heat exchanger, to withstand very high temperatures, temperature gradients, and corrosive environment produced by the combustion of coal. In the second phase the design of a possible heat exchanger was investigated, based on data and material characteristics of rhe first phase.
Engines (power generation
and propulsion,
electric vehicles)
Sulfur retention in clrculatlng fluldlzed bed coal 96105312 combustion. Modeling and slmulatlon Adanez, J. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1839-1842. A mathematical model was derived for a circulating fluidized-bed coal combustor with limestone coinjection, which integrated hydrodynamic and sulphation kinetics submodels. The results of the effects or pressure drop, bed height, secondary air, sulphur content in coal, particle size distribution, and cyclone operation on sulphur retention were reported. System analysls of thermochemical coal process96105313 Ing In units wlth clrculatlng bolllng layer Korchevoi, Y. P. er al., Energ. Elekfrif: (Kiev), 1995, (l), 41-45. (In Russian) Describes a process for 2-stage gasification of high-ash anthracite in a circulating fluidized bed. Systems for plasma combustion of coal dust at 96105314 thermal power plants Novikov, N. L. et al., Energerik, 1995, (8), 6-8. (In Russian) Describes a plasma system for ignition and combustion stabilization in utility boilers fired with low quality pulverized coal. Such plasma systems eliminate the use of supplemental fuel oil. The temperature de endence of H + OH recomblna96lO5315 tlon In phosphorus oxlde conta Pnlng post-combustion gases Twarowski, A. Combustion & Flame, May 1996, 105, (3) 407-413. The temperature dependence of the rate of H t OH recombination is experimentally investigated using laser photolysis of high-temperature (15002500 K) water vapour. Parametric adjustment of reaction rate constants to fit a simulated OH signal with the experimental OH decay data gives a three-body reaction rate constant for H t OH t M _ MZ t M that is larger than expected lo low temperature and lower at high temperatures. This result could have negative consequences for hypersonic propulsion systems since much of the thrust producing radical recombination occurs at high temperture. Textural aspects of selected hlgh volatile bltuml96105316 nous coal chars Parra, I. B. er al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (l), 623-626. Describes how high-inertinite coals gave chars with lower porosities than low-inertinite coals. Higher temperatures of char preparation increase vitrinite macroporosity and microporosity of both vitrinire and inertinire. Thermal analysls of fluldlzed bed combustion resl96105317 dues contalnlng llmestone scavenger Cumming, J. W. J. Therm. Anal., 1995, 45, (5), 1089-1098. The paper describes a method which has been developed using thermoanalysis techniques for the analysis of residues from coal-burning fluidized bed plant where limestone is used as a sulphur scavenger. This completely eliminates the need for lengthy wet chemical analyses and allows the derivation of parameters necessary for efficient plant operation, such as limestone addition rate, calcium utilization efficiency and calcium to sulphur mole ratio. 96105316 fllas$th
Three-dlmenslonal buoyancy-Induced
modellng flow along
for predlctlon of wall a vertical rectangular
Wang, H. Y. and Joulain, P. Combusrlon & Flame, May 1996, 105, (3), 391-406. The paper presents results on the steady rate of turbulent burning along a vertical rectangular channel in which a buoyancy-induced draft develops. Four different combusrion models are implemented in a parabolized formulation of the three-dimensional consewation equations. The model based on a finite volume method includes the effects of natural convection, diffusion, viscosity, gravitational forces and chemical reactions with energy release. Predictions of the flow field structure and the temperature field are compared for different combustion models and wall fire conditions. Three-dlmenslonal slmulatlon of coal combustion, 96105319 NO klnetlcs, and SO, blndlng In clrculatlng atmospheric fluldIzed-bed furnaces Vockrodt, S. et al.. VDI-Eer., 1995, 1193, 143-151. (In German) Describes rhe development of a three-dimensional simulation model, FLOREAN, for circulating atmospheric fluidized-bed coal combustion and the flow fields, coal burnout, NO formation and decomposition kinetics, and SO? binding with acceptable agreement with experimental values. The model was modified from a model originally developed for pulverized coal firing. 96105320 Trace elements In Spsnlsh subbltumlnous coals and thelr behavlor during coal combustion Querol, X. er al., CoaUci. Techtlol., 1995, 24, (I), 159-162. The study focuses on the occurrence and distribution of trace elements in subbituminous coals from the Terucl and Mequinenza mining districts (Spain).
372
Fuel and Energy
Abstracts
September
1996
Unsteady straln rate and curvature effects In turbu96105321 lent premlxed methane-alr flames Echekki, T. and Chen, J. H. Combusrim Cp:Flame, Jul. 1996. 106, (l), 184-202. Turbulent premixed stoichiometric methane-air flames modelled with reduced kinetics have been studied using the direct numerical simulation approach. The simulations include a four-step reduced mechanism for the oxidation of methane and the molecular transport is modelled with Lewis numbers for individual species. The effects of strain rate and curvature on the intermediate radical concentrations and heat release rate are evaluated. Use of a slmulatlon program for optlmlzatlon of 96105322 brown coal-flred clrculatlng fluldlzed-bed (ZWS) plants Dersch, J. er al., VDI-Ber., 1995, 1193, 135-142. (In German) Describes the development of a simulation program, verified for a smallscale (300 kW, Tech. University Dresden, Germany) and applied to a commercial-scale (162 MW, Wachtberg Power Plant, Germany) brown-coal circulating fluidized-bed unit. Zeroing In on low-NO, burners 96105323 Katzel, J. Plartt Engng., Jan. 1996, 50, (l), 54-58. Discusses how environmental standards have prompted industry 10 find ways to reduce n-0, emissions from combustion equipment. Discusses new burner technology m the USA that offers both compliance with environmental requirements and improved performance. Examines the regulations and h’0, reduction methods and describes various low-NO, burner designs.
10 ENGINES Power Generation Vehicles
and Propulsion,
Electric
Catalytic combustion for lndustrlal gas turblnes 96105324 Anson, D. ef al., Itu. J. ofE‘nergy Research, Aug. 1996, 20, (8), 693-711. The brief review provides a general account of work directed at the use of catalytic combustion in gas turbine engines. A major advantage of using catalytic combustion is that the fuel can be burnt efficiently at temperatures low enough (<15OO”C) to avoid significant oxidation of atmospheric nirrogen. The advantage was less important when catalytic combustion was demonstrated in rhe 1970’s than it is today and received relatively little attention until the following decade. Cheng cycle cogeneratlon saves money on peak 96105325 loads MPS, Modertl Power Systems, Jun. 19Y6, 16, (6), 73, 75, 77. The Technical University of Munich is moving to a new purpose-built building at a campus site at Garching, just outside of the city. The additional load on the campus’s district heating and electricity systems has justified investing in a new Cheng cycle system, which has the flexibility to vary its output of electricity and heat, and hence enable the University to save large sums on peak capacity charges. The computation of flow development through sta96105326 tlonary and rotatlng U-ducts of strong curvature Iacovides, H. er al., Inf. J. Hear & Fluid Flow, Feb. 1996, 17, (l), 22-33. The article presents comparisons between predictions, obtained during the course of this investigation, and recently produced measurements of the flow development through a square cross-sectioned U-bend of strong curvature. Rc/D = 0.65, that is either stationary or in orthogonal rotation. Contours of micro-CHP are becomlng vlslble 96105327 Vermeer, B. Gas (Netherlatrds), Aug. 1996, 116, (7), 18-21. (ln Flemish) The first field tests with micro combined heat and power (CHP) units are at hand. Particularly for existing dwellings this small-scale form of energy conversion seems lo have a good chance ofbeing chosen. In the replacement of central heating boilers (about 150,000 a year) small-scale alternatives are being considered. Micro-CHP seems to have advantages in this field over traditional CH boilers and heat pumps. As far as new housing is concerned, more interesting variants are available which probably will result in fiercer competition. 96105328 Development of heat exchangers operatlng In the very hlgh temperature reglme Kussmaul, K. et al., Proc. Irrt. Cor$ Compos. Mater. Energy, Technomic, Larlcasrer, Pa, USA, 1995, 1012-1018. Describes and research and development programme which was initiated in 1993 to investigate rhe feasibility of a high temperature heat exchanger applied in an electric utility indirect coal-fired gas turbine combined cycle. The purpose of the first phase of the development programme was to determine materials, then available for the use as structural materials in a heat exchanger, to withstand very high temperatures, temperature gradients, and corrosive environment produced by the combustion of coal. In the second phase the design of a possible heat exchanger was investigated, based on data and material characteristics of rhe first phase.