- Email: [email protected]
05875 Extension of the linear driving force-dusty gas model approximation to include surface or micropore diffusion
03
Gaseous fuels (sources, properlies, recovery treatment)
96lQ5662 Novel as ects on coal liquefaction mechanism by the use of trltium an 8 =S tracer methods Godo, M. and Kabe, T. Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1211-1214. In coal liquefaction over pyrrhotite catalyst, hydrogen exchange between
gas phase and solvent was promoted by added catalyst and sulphur. With the pyrrhotite catalyst, hydrogen addition to coal and liquefaction products increased with the addition of sulphur. Added sulphur reacted mainly with the hydrogen of solvent to produce hydrogen sulphide. Orlmulslon - A speclal report 96lO5663 Pira Energy Group, 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 516, New York, M.10168, USA, $l,OoO.OO(non-clients).
The report provides an objective insight into the economics of manufacturing and delivering Orimulsion, the low-cost, bitumen-in-water fuel developed by Petroleos de Venezuela and marketed by Bitumenes Orinoco. Discusses Orimulsion’s combustion and emission characteristics, and analyses current and future costs from wellhead to delivery port, and assesses the cost of electricity derived from Orimulsion. 96tQ5664
Retrogresslve reactions In catslytlc coal Ilquefactlon using dispersed MoS, Song. C. et al., Coal Sci Technol, 1995, 24. 1215-1218.
D&&es how ietrogressive reactions can &cur seriously in coal liquefaction at 425-450” in 25 mL reactors, even in the presence of dispersed MO sulphide catalyst. Using H-donor solvent in catalytic nms at higher temperatures (425-450”) help mitigate the retrogressive reactions. 96105665
The role of catalyst Impregnation and solvent type In Improving llquefactlon efficlencles Pinto, F. er al, Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1307-1310.
Describes how coal was pretreated with ethanol to impregnate ZnCl, into its structure, and the following solvents ere used: hexane, benzene, ethanol, methanol and isopropanol. The effect of some hydrogen donor solvents was also researched, such as Tetralin and Decalin. Also studied the effect of using mixtures of solvents on products yields: Tetralin mixed with ethanol and Tetraline mixed with tetrahydroquinoline. Scale formation mechanism on coal hydrogenatlon 96105666 wlth Iron catalyst Togari, 0. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1311-1314. Substantialscale formation did not occur in a preheater in pyrite-catalyzed coal liquefaction runs. But in iron oxide-catalyzed runs, scale formation
occurred under the same conditons. To prevent the scale formation in the iron oxide catalvst svstem. maximum temoerature in the oreheater has to be ~400”. When’actiGe pyihotite crystals are surrounded iith enough coal particles, the coal particles are adsorbed to the surface of activated pyrrhotite. 96105667
Scale-up
of a coal Ilquefactlon
plant
Yoshida. H. et al.. Kanaku Konaku, 1996, 60, (3). 176-179. (In Japanese) Describes the development of NEDOL coal Ii&faction ad the-typical reaction conditions and yields of the process. The difficulties in the estimation of physical properties, flow and reaction characteristics of the mixed gas-liquid-solid three-phase systems, heat balances, etc. are pointed out. Simulation of nonlsothermal processes of coal llqusing a dispersed catalyst precursor Stefoglo, E. F. er al., Coal Sci Technol., 1995, 24, 1219-1222. 96106666 uefactlon
The authors have achieved good agreement between model and experimental data for noncatalytic liquefaction of Mequinenza lignite for reaction times up to 2 hours. The comparison of experimental data with two models of catalytic reactions suggests that mckel-catalyzed liquefaction of Mequinenze lignite is better modelled by assuming a parabolic distribution of the impregnated catalyst through the coal particles, which is in reasonable agreement with direct observation of catalyst distribution in other lowrank coals. Slurry Fischer-Tro sch/ZSM-5 two-stags recess 96105669 of converting syngas to gasol Pne. II. Reactor-wax wlt Rdrawal and long-term test Chen, S. S. et al., J. Nat. Gas Chem., 1996, 5, (I), 69-80.
Describes the development of a slurry-phase Fischer-Tropsch/ZSM-5 twostage process of converting synthesis gas to gasoline. The effect of removal of reactor waxes on catalytic activity and reactor performance was investigated.
96105671 Structural comparison of coal liquefaction extracts and hydrocracklng products Zhang, S. F. er al., Coal Sci TechnoL, 1995, 24, 1439-1442.
Repotis that in hydrocracking coal extracts the conversion of >450”(B.P.) fractions to lower boiling materials was found to decrease with coal rank and correlate well with increasing elemental carbon contents and the vitrinite reflectance of the orieinal coals. Results from size-exclusion chromatography showed that the largest shifts to smaller and molecular masses (MMs) occurred during the hydrocracking of extracts from middle rank
Studles on coal slurry fuel. (Part 4). Effects of addl96105672 tlve and pattlcle size dlstrlbutlon on characteristics of coalwater mixture (CW) Ohki, A. er aL, Sekiyu Gakkaishi, 1996, 39, (2), 129-136. 96105673 Synthesis of hydrocarbons from dlmethyl ether: Selectlvltles towards light hydrocarbons Sardesai?A. et al., Fuel Sci Technol. Int, 1996, 14, (5), 703-712.
Synthesis of methanol from coal-derived synthesis gas is a well established technology, and methanol has been used as a feedstock for the synthesis of gasoline range hydrocarbons and olefins commercially. However, an efficient hydrocarbon synthesis process has been develo ed at the University of Akron using di-Me ether as the starting feedstock. r; he paper focuses on the effect of key process variables on the di-Me ether conversion to lowmolecular-weight hydrocarbons in a fixed bed microreactor system over ZSM-5 type zeolite catalyst. Examines experimental results with respect to gaseous hydrocarbon product yields and selectivities. 96105674
Visualization
of complex
hydrocarbon
reaction
systems
Shinn, J. H. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2), 510-515. Many hydrocarbon reactions of interest involved either poorly characterized reactants and products and/or large numbers of simultaneous reactions. An important step in understanding the behaviour of such systems is to develop quantitative pictures of the feeds and products and the transformations which connect them. The processes for constructing these reaction visualizations is illustrated by examining the construction of a molecular model for coal liquefaction and subsequent conversion to distillate products, and the construction of a video simulation of catalytic petroleum naphtha reforming. The paper discusses new techniques which are permitting advances in this visualizations.
03 GASEOUS FUELS Sources, Properties,
Recovery,
Treatment
96105675
Extenslon of the linear driving force-dus model approximation to Include surface or mlcropore dlfr usqas on Mendes, A. M. er a[., Gas Sep. Puri$, 1996, 10, (3), 141-148.
The paper presents hnear driving force approximations for the dusty gas model in a bisolute system obeying linear or Langmuir isotherms, in two situations: when there is a non-negligible surface flux in parallel with the diffusive and convective fluxes; and when there is a micropore resistance to mass transfer in series. The approximations were developed using a semi-empirical procedure that starts with the particle response to a square wave perturbation considering a simple diffusion/convection mechanism, and proceeds by consecutive corrections to this basic result. 96106676
Fabrlcatlon
of carbon
flbre
composltes
for gas
separation
Kimber, G. M. er al., Gus Sep. Purif, 1996, 10, (2), 131-136. The fabrication of monolithic activated carbon fibre comoosites using isotropic pitch based carbon fibres, and phenolic resin as binder, is biiefly described. Measurement and analysis of oxygen/nltrogen/lA96105677 zeollte adsorption equlllbrls for air separation Talu, 0. et al., Gas Sep. Purif, 1996, 10, (3), 149-159.
Multicomponent adsorption equilibrium data are essential for the reliable design of recesses and equipment for gas separation by adsorption. Discusses tee!Iniaues for the measurement and analvsis of multicomoonent adsorption eqiilibrium data, and present a comp&hensive set of eiuilibrium data for the adsorption of oxygen and nitrogen on SA-zeolite. 96106676
96106670
Steam pretreatment
for coal Ilquefilctlon
Ivanenko, 0. et aL, Piepr. Pap. -Am. Chem. SOC.,biv. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2), 700-704. The ‘paper describes how steam pretreatment substantially improved the quality of the liquid product in noncatalytic coal slurry liquefaction.
416
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November
1996
Methods and experience In Intensive coalbed methane recovery at coal mines In the CIS Zabourdyaev, V. S. Proc. Intergas 95, Inr. Unconv. Gas Symp., University ofAlabama, Tuscaloosa, USA, 1995, 207-218.
Reviews the cases and results of application of conventional and new methods of removal of methane from mined seams and those adjacent to them under conditions of different mines in the CIS.
Gaseous fuels (sources, properlies, recovery treatment)
96lQ5662 Novel as ects on coal liquefaction mechanism by the use of trltium an 8 =S tracer methods Godo, M. and Kabe, T. Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1211-1214. In coal liquefaction over pyrrhotite catalyst, hydrogen exchange between
gas phase and solvent was promoted by added catalyst and sulphur. With the pyrrhotite catalyst, hydrogen addition to coal and liquefaction products increased with the addition of sulphur. Added sulphur reacted mainly with the hydrogen of solvent to produce hydrogen sulphide. Orlmulslon - A speclal report 96lO5663 Pira Energy Group, 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 516, New York, M.10168, USA, $l,OoO.OO(non-clients).
The report provides an objective insight into the economics of manufacturing and delivering Orimulsion, the low-cost, bitumen-in-water fuel developed by Petroleos de Venezuela and marketed by Bitumenes Orinoco. Discusses Orimulsion’s combustion and emission characteristics, and analyses current and future costs from wellhead to delivery port, and assesses the cost of electricity derived from Orimulsion. 96tQ5664
Retrogresslve reactions In catslytlc coal Ilquefactlon using dispersed MoS, Song. C. et al., Coal Sci Technol, 1995, 24. 1215-1218.
D&&es how ietrogressive reactions can &cur seriously in coal liquefaction at 425-450” in 25 mL reactors, even in the presence of dispersed MO sulphide catalyst. Using H-donor solvent in catalytic nms at higher temperatures (425-450”) help mitigate the retrogressive reactions. 96105665
The role of catalyst Impregnation and solvent type In Improving llquefactlon efficlencles Pinto, F. er al, Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1307-1310.
Describes how coal was pretreated with ethanol to impregnate ZnCl, into its structure, and the following solvents ere used: hexane, benzene, ethanol, methanol and isopropanol. The effect of some hydrogen donor solvents was also researched, such as Tetralin and Decalin. Also studied the effect of using mixtures of solvents on products yields: Tetralin mixed with ethanol and Tetraline mixed with tetrahydroquinoline. Scale formation mechanism on coal hydrogenatlon 96105666 wlth Iron catalyst Togari, 0. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1311-1314. Substantialscale formation did not occur in a preheater in pyrite-catalyzed coal liquefaction runs. But in iron oxide-catalyzed runs, scale formation
occurred under the same conditons. To prevent the scale formation in the iron oxide catalvst svstem. maximum temoerature in the oreheater has to be ~400”. When’actiGe pyihotite crystals are surrounded iith enough coal particles, the coal particles are adsorbed to the surface of activated pyrrhotite. 96105667
Scale-up
of a coal Ilquefactlon
plant
Yoshida. H. et al.. Kanaku Konaku, 1996, 60, (3). 176-179. (In Japanese) Describes the development of NEDOL coal Ii&faction ad the-typical reaction conditions and yields of the process. The difficulties in the estimation of physical properties, flow and reaction characteristics of the mixed gas-liquid-solid three-phase systems, heat balances, etc. are pointed out. Simulation of nonlsothermal processes of coal llqusing a dispersed catalyst precursor Stefoglo, E. F. er al., Coal Sci Technol., 1995, 24, 1219-1222. 96106666 uefactlon
The authors have achieved good agreement between model and experimental data for noncatalytic liquefaction of Mequinenza lignite for reaction times up to 2 hours. The comparison of experimental data with two models of catalytic reactions suggests that mckel-catalyzed liquefaction of Mequinenze lignite is better modelled by assuming a parabolic distribution of the impregnated catalyst through the coal particles, which is in reasonable agreement with direct observation of catalyst distribution in other lowrank coals. Slurry Fischer-Tro sch/ZSM-5 two-stags recess 96105669 of converting syngas to gasol Pne. II. Reactor-wax wlt Rdrawal and long-term test Chen, S. S. et al., J. Nat. Gas Chem., 1996, 5, (I), 69-80.
Describes the development of a slurry-phase Fischer-Tropsch/ZSM-5 twostage process of converting synthesis gas to gasoline. The effect of removal of reactor waxes on catalytic activity and reactor performance was investigated.
96105671 Structural comparison of coal liquefaction extracts and hydrocracklng products Zhang, S. F. er al., Coal Sci TechnoL, 1995, 24, 1439-1442.
Repotis that in hydrocracking coal extracts the conversion of >450”(B.P.) fractions to lower boiling materials was found to decrease with coal rank and correlate well with increasing elemental carbon contents and the vitrinite reflectance of the orieinal coals. Results from size-exclusion chromatography showed that the largest shifts to smaller and molecular masses (MMs) occurred during the hydrocracking of extracts from middle rank
Studles on coal slurry fuel. (Part 4). Effects of addl96105672 tlve and pattlcle size dlstrlbutlon on characteristics of coalwater mixture (CW) Ohki, A. er aL, Sekiyu Gakkaishi, 1996, 39, (2), 129-136. 96105673 Synthesis of hydrocarbons from dlmethyl ether: Selectlvltles towards light hydrocarbons Sardesai?A. et al., Fuel Sci Technol. Int, 1996, 14, (5), 703-712.
Synthesis of methanol from coal-derived synthesis gas is a well established technology, and methanol has been used as a feedstock for the synthesis of gasoline range hydrocarbons and olefins commercially. However, an efficient hydrocarbon synthesis process has been develo ed at the University of Akron using di-Me ether as the starting feedstock. r; he paper focuses on the effect of key process variables on the di-Me ether conversion to lowmolecular-weight hydrocarbons in a fixed bed microreactor system over ZSM-5 type zeolite catalyst. Examines experimental results with respect to gaseous hydrocarbon product yields and selectivities. 96105674
Visualization
of complex
hydrocarbon
reaction
systems
Shinn, J. H. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2), 510-515. Many hydrocarbon reactions of interest involved either poorly characterized reactants and products and/or large numbers of simultaneous reactions. An important step in understanding the behaviour of such systems is to develop quantitative pictures of the feeds and products and the transformations which connect them. The processes for constructing these reaction visualizations is illustrated by examining the construction of a molecular model for coal liquefaction and subsequent conversion to distillate products, and the construction of a video simulation of catalytic petroleum naphtha reforming. The paper discusses new techniques which are permitting advances in this visualizations.
03 GASEOUS FUELS Sources, Properties,
Recovery,
Treatment
96105675
Extenslon of the linear driving force-dus model approximation to Include surface or mlcropore dlfr usqas on Mendes, A. M. er a[., Gas Sep. Puri$, 1996, 10, (3), 141-148.
The paper presents hnear driving force approximations for the dusty gas model in a bisolute system obeying linear or Langmuir isotherms, in two situations: when there is a non-negligible surface flux in parallel with the diffusive and convective fluxes; and when there is a micropore resistance to mass transfer in series. The approximations were developed using a semi-empirical procedure that starts with the particle response to a square wave perturbation considering a simple diffusion/convection mechanism, and proceeds by consecutive corrections to this basic result. 96106676
Fabrlcatlon
of carbon
flbre
composltes
for gas
separation
Kimber, G. M. er al., Gus Sep. Purif, 1996, 10, (2), 131-136. The fabrication of monolithic activated carbon fibre comoosites using isotropic pitch based carbon fibres, and phenolic resin as binder, is biiefly described. Measurement and analysis of oxygen/nltrogen/lA96105677 zeollte adsorption equlllbrls for air separation Talu, 0. et al., Gas Sep. Purif, 1996, 10, (3), 149-159.
Multicomponent adsorption equilibrium data are essential for the reliable design of recesses and equipment for gas separation by adsorption. Discusses tee!Iniaues for the measurement and analvsis of multicomoonent adsorption eqiilibrium data, and present a comp&hensive set of eiuilibrium data for the adsorption of oxygen and nitrogen on SA-zeolite. 96106676
96106670
Steam pretreatment
for coal Ilquefilctlon
Ivanenko, 0. et aL, Piepr. Pap. -Am. Chem. SOC.,biv. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2), 700-704. The ‘paper describes how steam pretreatment substantially improved the quality of the liquid product in noncatalytic coal slurry liquefaction.
416
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November
1996
Methods and experience In Intensive coalbed methane recovery at coal mines In the CIS Zabourdyaev, V. S. Proc. Intergas 95, Inr. Unconv. Gas Symp., University ofAlabama, Tuscaloosa, USA, 1995, 207-218.
Reviews the cases and results of application of conventional and new methods of removal of methane from mined seams and those adjacent to them under conditions of different mines in the CIS.