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05936 Ash chemistry and sintering
04
By-products related to fuels
95KE929 A ?? tudy of gaalflcatlon raactlvlty of alr-blown antralned flow coal gaalflar Kurimura,~M. et al., Coal Sci. Techtwl., 1995, 24, 563-566. By analyzing test results of a 2 ton/day PDU, it is concluded that coal with higher fuel ratio tends to have poorer reactivity. The quantitative effect of carbon recycle rate on gasification efficiency, such as carbon conversion efficiency and the amount product char. Sulfur and nltrogan ratantlon In chera after pyroly96105929 ala and partial gaalflcatlon Middleton, S. P. et al., Coal Sci. Tech&., 1995, 41, 795-798. The aim by the authors in this study was to gain a.better understanding of the mechanisms of the orocesses and oathwavs noveminn the distribution of sulphur and nitrogen between ch& and vblazles d&g pyrolysis and partial gasification under conditions relevant to combined cycle gasification power generation. Tangantlal atream method for productlon of ayn96/05930 thaala gaa In modlfled wet bottom generators Greul, A. R. GER. Pat. DE.4,436,226, Apr. 1996. A method is described where biomass, munici al refuse, coal, or other organic material, which may be toxic, is aasifie s at 1500-1600” with oxygen in a wet bottom generator which is-partially filled with coke which provides a reaction area for a small cracking reactor. TPD study on SO, gaalflcatlon of coal char 96105931 Takarada, T. and Suzuki, Y. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (l), 195-199. Describes how tern erature-programmed desorption patterns of semicokes, obtained from coa P ranging from brown coal to anthracite, with chemisorbed SO, were determined. 96105932 Two-stage lnjactlon-bad coal gaalflar Hashimoto, T. et al., (Assigned to) Mitsubishi Heavy Ind. Ltd., Japan,
JAP. Pat. JP.O8,73,869, Mar. 1996. 96105933
Uptake of hydrogen aulflda by coal char and sulfur release during gaalflcatlon Sugawara, K. et al., Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1996, 22, (2), 392-395. (In Japanese) Discusses the H, uptake from a H&N, as stream on a coal-derived rapid pyrolysis semicoke at 1073 K. ChemicaP analysis indicated that the incremental sulphur addition was in the form of solid-phase organic sulphur.
04
BY-PRODUCTSRELATEDTO FUELS
Activated carbon productlon from synthetic crude ::P34 ~5~_~~fi R. and Egiebor, N. 0.
96/05939 Characterlatlca of pneumatlcally-emplaced dry flue gas desulfurlzatlon materlals Carter, S. D. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2). . 553-557. I.
Reports that the University of Kentucky in collatoration with the Department of Energy, Addington Inc., and Costain Coal is currently developing a commercial concept for the haul back of dry flue gas desul hurization materials into highwall mine adits. The University’s Center Por Applied Energy Research is investi ating emplacement systems for a mine demonstration which is planned Por the third quarter of 1996. 96/05940 Characterlzatlon of fly ash from cement and concrete Calleja,J. Gem.-Hormigon, 1995, 66, (751), 1351-1370. (In Spanish) Discusses the analyzed composition and properties of fly ashes from various Spanish sources. 96105941 Chsmlcal structure of coal tar during devolatlllzatlon Fletcher, T. H. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996. 41. (2). 752-755.
Describes z”C-NMR study of coals, tars, and chars using a high-volatile bituminous C (Illinois No. 6), a high-volatile bituminous A (Pittsburg No. 8), and a subbituminous (Blue No. 1) coals. This is the first time that this high resolution “C-NMR Spectroscopy using spin lattice relaxation technique has been applied to coal tars, and data regarding the number of aromatic carbons per cluster and carbon aromaticity in coal tar are presented. Coal combuatlon fly ash - Overvlew of appllcatlona 96105942 and opportunltles In the USA Tyson, S. and Blackstock, T. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2), 587-591. The American Coal Ash Association Inc., (ACAA) is an organization rep-
resenting the coal combustion byproducts industry. Since 1968, the goal of the association has been to gain recognition and acceptance of coal fly ash as an engineering material on par with competing virgin, processed and manufactured materials by advancing uses that are technically sound, commercially competitive and environmentally safe. An annual survey of coalburning electric utilities is conducted by ACAA to determine the quantities of coal fly ash produced and used in the USA. 96105943 Coal-tar pitch as a matrlx precursor for 2-D C/C composites Matzinos, P. D. et al., Carbon, 1996, 34. (5). 639-644. Four coal-tar pitches were used in conjuncri&with a woven carbon fibre cloth to produce carbon/carbon (C/C) composites in order to study the effect of the nature of the pitch, as matrix precursor, on the properties of fully-processed composites. The nature of the pitch had little effect on the density, porosity, flexural modules or inter-lamellar shear strength of the composites. However, the flexural strength of the composites decreased as the quinoline insolubles content of the precursor pitch increased.
Fuel Process. Technol., 1996, 46, (3),
A two-step pyrolysis and activation process was used to study the production of activated carbon from oil-sand-derived coke. Steam was used as the activating agent at atmospheric pressure and 8.50”.The activation of raw coke was compared with the activation of coke treated with KOH catalyst. Activated carbons from a bltuminous coal: Influ96105935 ence of the demlnerallzatlon process Lopez-Ramon, M. V. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1125-1128. The aim of the paper is to ascertain the effect of the demlneralization processes of the original coal on the textural characteristics of both char and activated carbon obtained from it. Coal demineralization was carried out by froth flotation. 96105936 Ash chamlatrv and alntarina Sk&vars, B. J. et al., Prep;. Pap.-Am. Cheh. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2), 640-646. Presents initial thermal behaviour predictions for 10 ash samples. Carbon fibers with superhigh elastlclty and their 96105937 manufacture Nakakoshi, A. et al., (Assigned to) Mitsubishi Kagaku KK, JAP. Pat.
JP.O8,13,255, Jan. 1996.
96105936 Change In compreoslva strength of mortar with fly ash and blast-furanca alag powder due to carbonation Saeki, T. and Nagataki, S. Semento, Konkuriro Ronbunshu, 1995, 49, 680-685. (In Japanese) An accelerated carbonation test and a cyclic accelerated carbonation with water-spray test were performed to investigate the change in compressive strength of mortar each used with fly ash and with blast-furnace slag powder, respectively. A measurement was taken of the cqmpressive strength, the depth of carbonation, the amount of calcium carbonate and the pore volume.
422
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996
96105944 Conversion of fly ash to zeolites for waste treatment Chang, H. L. and Shih, W. H. Ceram. Tram., 1995, 61, 81-88. Describes the conversion of fly ash to zeolites as ion exchangers for waste treatment. The experimental results showed that three types of zeolites can be synthesized from fly ash: P, faujasite, and A. The study showed that fly ash has great potential as ion exchangers in immobilizing radioactive elements ln nuclear waste and harmful elements in municipal wastewater. 96105945 Converslon of NO on Co-impregnated active carbon catalysts Mehandjiev, D. et al., Carbon, 1996, 34, (6), 757-762. The NO conversion in a NO + Ar gas mixture has been investigated on Coimpregnated active carbon catalysts in the absence of any addedgas-phase reducing agents. The catalysts obtained are very promising with respect to NO conversion because they are active at low temperatures and the only resulting product is N,. 96105946 Effect of air-blowlng and carbon black addltlon on pitch carbonization behavior Fernandez, J. J. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 973-976. Discusses the effects of air-blowing, carbon black addition, and temperatures on the chemical composition of pitch, its behaviour during carbonization, and resultant coke structure. 96JO5947 Effect of coal preoxldatlon on the development of microporoslty In activated carbons Parra, J. B. et al., Carbon, 1996, 34, (6), 783-787. Activated carbons have been prepared from a semianthracite preoxidised in air to different degrees. The activation has been carried out in steam at 85O’C to 50 +/- 1% burnoff. The adsor tion isotherms of nitrogen at 77 K and CO, at 273 K have been determine B. The adsorption isotherms indicate that the activated carbons obtained from non-oxidised coal has a poor porosity.
By-products related to fuels
95KE929 A ?? tudy of gaalflcatlon raactlvlty of alr-blown antralned flow coal gaalflar Kurimura,~M. et al., Coal Sci. Techtwl., 1995, 24, 563-566. By analyzing test results of a 2 ton/day PDU, it is concluded that coal with higher fuel ratio tends to have poorer reactivity. The quantitative effect of carbon recycle rate on gasification efficiency, such as carbon conversion efficiency and the amount product char. Sulfur and nltrogan ratantlon In chera after pyroly96105929 ala and partial gaalflcatlon Middleton, S. P. et al., Coal Sci. Tech&., 1995, 41, 795-798. The aim by the authors in this study was to gain a.better understanding of the mechanisms of the orocesses and oathwavs noveminn the distribution of sulphur and nitrogen between ch& and vblazles d&g pyrolysis and partial gasification under conditions relevant to combined cycle gasification power generation. Tangantlal atream method for productlon of ayn96/05930 thaala gaa In modlfled wet bottom generators Greul, A. R. GER. Pat. DE.4,436,226, Apr. 1996. A method is described where biomass, munici al refuse, coal, or other organic material, which may be toxic, is aasifie s at 1500-1600” with oxygen in a wet bottom generator which is-partially filled with coke which provides a reaction area for a small cracking reactor. TPD study on SO, gaalflcatlon of coal char 96105931 Takarada, T. and Suzuki, Y. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (l), 195-199. Describes how tern erature-programmed desorption patterns of semicokes, obtained from coa P ranging from brown coal to anthracite, with chemisorbed SO, were determined. 96105932 Two-stage lnjactlon-bad coal gaalflar Hashimoto, T. et al., (Assigned to) Mitsubishi Heavy Ind. Ltd., Japan,
JAP. Pat. JP.O8,73,869, Mar. 1996. 96105933
Uptake of hydrogen aulflda by coal char and sulfur release during gaalflcatlon Sugawara, K. et al., Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1996, 22, (2), 392-395. (In Japanese) Discusses the H, uptake from a H&N, as stream on a coal-derived rapid pyrolysis semicoke at 1073 K. ChemicaP analysis indicated that the incremental sulphur addition was in the form of solid-phase organic sulphur.
04
BY-PRODUCTSRELATEDTO FUELS
Activated carbon productlon from synthetic crude ::P34 ~5~_~~fi R. and Egiebor, N. 0.
96/05939 Characterlatlca of pneumatlcally-emplaced dry flue gas desulfurlzatlon materlals Carter, S. D. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2). . 553-557. I.
Reports that the University of Kentucky in collatoration with the Department of Energy, Addington Inc., and Costain Coal is currently developing a commercial concept for the haul back of dry flue gas desul hurization materials into highwall mine adits. The University’s Center Por Applied Energy Research is investi ating emplacement systems for a mine demonstration which is planned Por the third quarter of 1996. 96/05940 Characterlzatlon of fly ash from cement and concrete Calleja,J. Gem.-Hormigon, 1995, 66, (751), 1351-1370. (In Spanish) Discusses the analyzed composition and properties of fly ashes from various Spanish sources. 96105941 Chsmlcal structure of coal tar during devolatlllzatlon Fletcher, T. H. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996. 41. (2). 752-755.
Describes z”C-NMR study of coals, tars, and chars using a high-volatile bituminous C (Illinois No. 6), a high-volatile bituminous A (Pittsburg No. 8), and a subbituminous (Blue No. 1) coals. This is the first time that this high resolution “C-NMR Spectroscopy using spin lattice relaxation technique has been applied to coal tars, and data regarding the number of aromatic carbons per cluster and carbon aromaticity in coal tar are presented. Coal combuatlon fly ash - Overvlew of appllcatlona 96105942 and opportunltles In the USA Tyson, S. and Blackstock, T. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2), 587-591. The American Coal Ash Association Inc., (ACAA) is an organization rep-
resenting the coal combustion byproducts industry. Since 1968, the goal of the association has been to gain recognition and acceptance of coal fly ash as an engineering material on par with competing virgin, processed and manufactured materials by advancing uses that are technically sound, commercially competitive and environmentally safe. An annual survey of coalburning electric utilities is conducted by ACAA to determine the quantities of coal fly ash produced and used in the USA. 96105943 Coal-tar pitch as a matrlx precursor for 2-D C/C composites Matzinos, P. D. et al., Carbon, 1996, 34. (5). 639-644. Four coal-tar pitches were used in conjuncri&with a woven carbon fibre cloth to produce carbon/carbon (C/C) composites in order to study the effect of the nature of the pitch, as matrix precursor, on the properties of fully-processed composites. The nature of the pitch had little effect on the density, porosity, flexural modules or inter-lamellar shear strength of the composites. However, the flexural strength of the composites decreased as the quinoline insolubles content of the precursor pitch increased.
Fuel Process. Technol., 1996, 46, (3),
A two-step pyrolysis and activation process was used to study the production of activated carbon from oil-sand-derived coke. Steam was used as the activating agent at atmospheric pressure and 8.50”.The activation of raw coke was compared with the activation of coke treated with KOH catalyst. Activated carbons from a bltuminous coal: Influ96105935 ence of the demlnerallzatlon process Lopez-Ramon, M. V. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1125-1128. The aim of the paper is to ascertain the effect of the demlneralization processes of the original coal on the textural characteristics of both char and activated carbon obtained from it. Coal demineralization was carried out by froth flotation. 96105936 Ash chamlatrv and alntarina Sk&vars, B. J. et al., Prep;. Pap.-Am. Cheh. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2), 640-646. Presents initial thermal behaviour predictions for 10 ash samples. Carbon fibers with superhigh elastlclty and their 96105937 manufacture Nakakoshi, A. et al., (Assigned to) Mitsubishi Kagaku KK, JAP. Pat.
JP.O8,13,255, Jan. 1996.
96105936 Change In compreoslva strength of mortar with fly ash and blast-furanca alag powder due to carbonation Saeki, T. and Nagataki, S. Semento, Konkuriro Ronbunshu, 1995, 49, 680-685. (In Japanese) An accelerated carbonation test and a cyclic accelerated carbonation with water-spray test were performed to investigate the change in compressive strength of mortar each used with fly ash and with blast-furnace slag powder, respectively. A measurement was taken of the cqmpressive strength, the depth of carbonation, the amount of calcium carbonate and the pore volume.
422
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996
96105944 Conversion of fly ash to zeolites for waste treatment Chang, H. L. and Shih, W. H. Ceram. Tram., 1995, 61, 81-88. Describes the conversion of fly ash to zeolites as ion exchangers for waste treatment. The experimental results showed that three types of zeolites can be synthesized from fly ash: P, faujasite, and A. The study showed that fly ash has great potential as ion exchangers in immobilizing radioactive elements ln nuclear waste and harmful elements in municipal wastewater. 96105945 Converslon of NO on Co-impregnated active carbon catalysts Mehandjiev, D. et al., Carbon, 1996, 34, (6), 757-762. The NO conversion in a NO + Ar gas mixture has been investigated on Coimpregnated active carbon catalysts in the absence of any addedgas-phase reducing agents. The catalysts obtained are very promising with respect to NO conversion because they are active at low temperatures and the only resulting product is N,. 96105946 Effect of air-blowlng and carbon black addltlon on pitch carbonization behavior Fernandez, J. J. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 973-976. Discusses the effects of air-blowing, carbon black addition, and temperatures on the chemical composition of pitch, its behaviour during carbonization, and resultant coke structure. 96JO5947 Effect of coal preoxldatlon on the development of microporoslty In activated carbons Parra, J. B. et al., Carbon, 1996, 34, (6), 783-787. Activated carbons have been prepared from a semianthracite preoxidised in air to different degrees. The activation has been carried out in steam at 85O’C to 50 +/- 1% burnoff. The adsor tion isotherms of nitrogen at 77 K and CO, at 273 K have been determine B. The adsorption isotherms indicate that the activated carbons obtained from non-oxidised coal has a poor porosity.