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06057 The effects of unplanned power changes in a nuclear plant on fuel cycle costs
05 Study on models for mean diameter of aerosol par96lO6062 ticle for analysis of radionuciidr behaviour inside containment Baek,J. S. et al., Ann. Nucl. Energy, Sep. 1996, 23, (13), 1079-1090. When high enthalpy liquid is discharged into a containment, thermal fragmentation is a dominant mechanism for the dispersion of liquid into droplets. The current method for aemsol size estimation in the SMART code used for CANDU containment analysis, however, results in too small aerosol diameter because it considers only aerodynamic atomization with very fast discharging velocity. The smaller the aerosol diameter, the less is the effect of aerosol removal mechanisms. Therefore the amount of aerosol released into environment for some of the containment isolation failure cases and the resulting dose values are very conservative. Among several models to predict the drop diameter for a high enthalpy liquid jet, an appropriate model (Koestel, Gido and Lamkin model) has been selected for aerosol size calculation and incorporated in SMART code. Thermaihydrauiic aspects of smell-break ioee-of96lO6663 coolant tests performed in the LOBI facility Congiu, C. er al., Kerntechnik, Aug. 1996, 61, (4), 148-155. The experimental data base obtained from four small-break loss-of-coolant tests performed in the LOBI-Mod2 facility are evaluated. The facility’s volume scaling factor is 1:712 with respect of a Siemens 1300 MW pressurized water reactor. All the tests simulated a 1% cold-leg break accident; the imposed boundary conditions were different. The main differences between the measured scenarios are investigted, and some measured thermalhydraulic aspects are compared with data calculated by the RELAPSiMod2 code. 96106054 Transient anal sic of a condensation experiment in the noncondensable gas-ti Yled closed loop using en inverted Utube Choi, C. J. and Lee, S. Y. Ann. Nucl. Energy, Sep. 1996, 23, (14), 1179-1188. Two-ohase transient ohenomena in the noncondensable eas-filled closed loop fas investigated’numerically using the RELAPS/MOb3 code. Analyses for three different modes observed in the inverted U-tube experiment, i.e., reflux condensation, natural circulation, and oscillatory modi between these two modes were performed. 96106055 Twice squaring method: Non-linear acoustic al nai processing technique for real-time detection of sodium boaIng Hayashi, K. et al., Ann. Nucl. Energy, Jul. 1996, 23, (lo), 863-875. A new signal processing method, named the Twice-Squaring method, for acoustic detection of sodium boiling in liquid metal fast breeder reactor has been developed. It uses a relatively simple nonlinear signal processing technique in time domain, consisting of band-pass filtering and squaring of signal in two folds. Its advantage is that real-time detection can be realized using only simple analog circuits without any digital calculation. In this paper, the authors describe details of this method and the results of evaluation tests performed for sodium boiling acoustic data from KNS-1 test rig and from BOR-60. 96106056 A variational treatment for the time dependent Boitzmann equation es a basis for numerical aolutlons conserving neutrons Ackroyd, R. T. and De Oliveira, C. R. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 1996, 30, (4), 417-465.
A maximum principle for the time-dependent first-order Boltzmann equation is established in two independent ways: by a generalized least squares method and by a method based on the properties of an ap ropriate bi-linear form. The second derivation sueeests a metric for a Hipbert soace which provides a geometrical interp&ion of the variational pridciple. This interpretation leads to a Petrov-Galerkin weighted residual method in contrast to the Galerkin method of Martin for time dependent transport.
Nuclear fuels (economics, policy, SUPPlieS, formast
96iO6066 Fierce competition in the US fabrication market Schwartz, M. H. andSupko, E. M. Nuclear Engineering Int., Sep. 1996, 41, (506), 18-19. Discusses the US fuel fabrication market which has a clear intematinoal presence, but a future in which there is presently no expectation of growth m requirements. This market continues to be charactensed by annual production capacity, significantly exceeding current and anticipated fuel fabrication requirements, resulting in an extremely competitive market for LWR fuel fabrication services. 96/06059 Kurtz, D.
The future of nuclear power in Europe
FT Energy Publishing, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London WlP 9LL, f285.00, $456.00. The book gives a background to nuclear power in Europe, including histor-
ical data, its relationships with the electricity industry, technological development and reactor technologies. Summarises the current state of the Ebropean nuclear power sect&, giving generation capacities, production and consumption trends, and an analysis of competitiveness and the strategic importance of nuclear power in Europe. 96/06060 Nuclear energy into the twenty-first century Hammond, G. P. Applied Energy, Aug. 1996, 54, (4), 327-344. The historical development of the civil nuclear power generation industry is examined in the light of the need to meet conflicting energy-supply and environmental pressures over recent decades. It is suggested that fission (thermal and fast) reactors will dominate the market up to the period 20102030, with fusion being relegated to the latter part of the twenty-first century. A number of issues affecting the use of nuclear electricity generation in Western Europe are considered, including its cost, industrial stragety needs, and the public acceptability of nuclear power. The contribution of nuclear power stations to achieving CO targets aimed at relieving global warming is discussed in the context of a1ternative strategies for sustainable development, including renewable energy sources and energy-efficiency measures. 96106061
Privatising European energy issues and lessons
FT Energy Publishing, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road London WlP 9LL, f290.00, $464.00.
The book examines key issues and trends in the privatisation of the European energy sector. Using examples from a wide range of case studies, it appraises the prospective rivatisation of a number of major energy companies, examines the pe Rormance and behaviour of those transferred to private ownership and considers the implications for future privatisation. 96106062 Prospects brighten for world uranium producers Steyn, J. Nuclear Engineering Int., Sep. 1996, 41, (506), 12-15. Discusses the factors currently driving the rising price of uranium and what are the trends in future supply? 96106063 The Red Book - past, present and future of the uranlum market Nuclear Engineering Int., Sep. 1996, 41, (506), 26-27. For a thorough assessment of the uranium supply and demand situation now and in the future, the Red Book is one of the best sources of information. The Red Book is produced by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the IAEA on a two-yearly basis. Describes the exploration activities, resources, production capability and reactor requirements worldwide as of 1 January 1995. 96106064 U.S. uranium: Revival7 Mining J., Jun. 1996, 326, p. 439.
A short report on the U.S. uranium industry. 96106065 Uranium Kidd, S. Annual Review Merals and Minerals, 1996, 107-108. A report on world production of uranium during 1995. 96106066
Uranium a decade of change
Mining J., Jun. 1996, 326, 506-507.
Economics, Policy, Supplies, Forecasts The effects of unplanned power changes in a 96106057 nuclear plant on fuel cycle costs Wigger, B. Kerntechnik, Aug. 1996, 61, (4), 166-167. A simple formula is derived to assess the change of specific fuel cost caused by a reduction of the planned cycle length. The rather complicated relations; which are not suita6le for strict mathematical treatment, are simplified: based on experience from the planning of fuel cycle reloads, it is assumed that the final bumuo of onlv those assemblies which are in their last cycle will be affected &hen a iycle is reduced with respect to its planned length. The derived formula is further used to determine the lowest price of electricity which can be granted when the reduction of reactor power is not convenient.
Discusses the demand for uranium which is dependent on the needs of the nuclear industry. Uranium enrichment. A market in transition 96106067 Longenecker, J. and Witzel, R. Nuclear Engineering Int., Sep. 1996, 41, (506), 15-18. Discusses how during recent changes in the uranium enrichment market, including the drying up of the spot market and increased spot market prices, may make it appear that the market is in transition to higher prices and fewer choices for buyers. Despite these short-term aberrations, the next decade is likely to lead to lower enrichment prices, and increased competition among primary suppliers. 96106066
Uranium: Czechs seek solution
Mining J., Sep. 1996, 327, p. 203.
Reports on the production of Uranium in the Czech Republic.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996
429
A maximum principle for the time-dependent first-order Boltzmann equation is established in two independent ways: by a generalized least squares method and by a method based on the properties of an ap ropriate bi-linear form. The second derivation sueeests a metric for a Hipbert soace which provides a geometrical interp&ion of the variational pridciple. This interpretation leads to a Petrov-Galerkin weighted residual method in contrast to the Galerkin method of Martin for time dependent transport.
Nuclear fuels (economics, policy, SUPPlieS, formast
96iO6066 Fierce competition in the US fabrication market Schwartz, M. H. andSupko, E. M. Nuclear Engineering Int., Sep. 1996, 41, (506), 18-19. Discusses the US fuel fabrication market which has a clear intematinoal presence, but a future in which there is presently no expectation of growth m requirements. This market continues to be charactensed by annual production capacity, significantly exceeding current and anticipated fuel fabrication requirements, resulting in an extremely competitive market for LWR fuel fabrication services. 96/06059 Kurtz, D.
The future of nuclear power in Europe
FT Energy Publishing, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London WlP 9LL, f285.00, $456.00. The book gives a background to nuclear power in Europe, including histor-
ical data, its relationships with the electricity industry, technological development and reactor technologies. Summarises the current state of the Ebropean nuclear power sect&, giving generation capacities, production and consumption trends, and an analysis of competitiveness and the strategic importance of nuclear power in Europe. 96/06060 Nuclear energy into the twenty-first century Hammond, G. P. Applied Energy, Aug. 1996, 54, (4), 327-344. The historical development of the civil nuclear power generation industry is examined in the light of the need to meet conflicting energy-supply and environmental pressures over recent decades. It is suggested that fission (thermal and fast) reactors will dominate the market up to the period 20102030, with fusion being relegated to the latter part of the twenty-first century. A number of issues affecting the use of nuclear electricity generation in Western Europe are considered, including its cost, industrial stragety needs, and the public acceptability of nuclear power. The contribution of nuclear power stations to achieving CO targets aimed at relieving global warming is discussed in the context of a1ternative strategies for sustainable development, including renewable energy sources and energy-efficiency measures. 96106061
Privatising European energy issues and lessons
FT Energy Publishing, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road London WlP 9LL, f290.00, $464.00.
The book examines key issues and trends in the privatisation of the European energy sector. Using examples from a wide range of case studies, it appraises the prospective rivatisation of a number of major energy companies, examines the pe Rormance and behaviour of those transferred to private ownership and considers the implications for future privatisation. 96106062 Prospects brighten for world uranium producers Steyn, J. Nuclear Engineering Int., Sep. 1996, 41, (506), 12-15. Discusses the factors currently driving the rising price of uranium and what are the trends in future supply? 96106063 The Red Book - past, present and future of the uranlum market Nuclear Engineering Int., Sep. 1996, 41, (506), 26-27. For a thorough assessment of the uranium supply and demand situation now and in the future, the Red Book is one of the best sources of information. The Red Book is produced by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the IAEA on a two-yearly basis. Describes the exploration activities, resources, production capability and reactor requirements worldwide as of 1 January 1995. 96106064 U.S. uranium: Revival7 Mining J., Jun. 1996, 326, p. 439.
A short report on the U.S. uranium industry. 96106065 Uranium Kidd, S. Annual Review Merals and Minerals, 1996, 107-108. A report on world production of uranium during 1995. 96106066
Uranium a decade of change
Mining J., Jun. 1996, 326, 506-507.
Economics, Policy, Supplies, Forecasts The effects of unplanned power changes in a 96106057 nuclear plant on fuel cycle costs Wigger, B. Kerntechnik, Aug. 1996, 61, (4), 166-167. A simple formula is derived to assess the change of specific fuel cost caused by a reduction of the planned cycle length. The rather complicated relations; which are not suita6le for strict mathematical treatment, are simplified: based on experience from the planning of fuel cycle reloads, it is assumed that the final bumuo of onlv those assemblies which are in their last cycle will be affected &hen a iycle is reduced with respect to its planned length. The derived formula is further used to determine the lowest price of electricity which can be granted when the reduction of reactor power is not convenient.
Discusses the demand for uranium which is dependent on the needs of the nuclear industry. Uranium enrichment. A market in transition 96106067 Longenecker, J. and Witzel, R. Nuclear Engineering Int., Sep. 1996, 41, (506), 15-18. Discusses how during recent changes in the uranium enrichment market, including the drying up of the spot market and increased spot market prices, may make it appear that the market is in transition to higher prices and fewer choices for buyers. Despite these short-term aberrations, the next decade is likely to lead to lower enrichment prices, and increased competition among primary suppliers. 96106066
Uranium: Czechs seek solution
Mining J., Sep. 1996, 327, p. 203.
Reports on the production of Uranium in the Czech Republic.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996
429