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06148 Hydroprocessed vegetable oils for diesel fuel improvement
07 Effects of H and rubstrate:lnoculum ratio on 96106144 batch methane fermentatYon Chen, T. H. and Hashimoto, A. G. Bioresource Technol., May-Jun. 1996, 56, (2), 179-186. Batch’digestion experiments were conducted to determine the effects of inoculum:substrate ratio and initial medium pH on methane production from glucose. A ratio between the chemical oxygen demands of the substrate and inoculum solids (SISR) was used to quantify the food to microorganisms ratio. Two periods of active methane production, separated by a period of inactivity, characterized the fermentation. The duration of inactivity was affected by both SISR and the initial medium pH. It decreased as SISR was decreased or when a higher initial pH was used. With a SISR of 4.8 and a pH of 7.2 or 7.0, the inactive period was eliminated, indicating satisfactory couplin of the acid-and methane-forming phases. Ultimate methane yield at a s ISR of 4.8 was higher than at a SISR OF 38.5. 96106145 Ethanol for Ilgnocelluloslcr: A review of the economy Von Sivers, M. and Zacchi, G. Bioresource Technol., May-Jun. 1996, 56, (2), 131-140. The study is a view of published investigations regarding the economy of ethanol production from lignocellulosic material. The objective is to present relations between and tendencies observed in different cost estimates. The influence of plant capacity and overall product yield on the ethanol production cost is investigated, as well as variations in capital costs in the different orocesses. The underlvinn technical and economic assumotions show a l&ge variation between
Alternative energy
sources
(bioconversionenergy)
96106150 A methodology for asses&g gameblrd use of short rotatlon coppice Baxter.D. A. et al., Biomass & Bioenerav, 1996. 10. (51. 301-306. GameGirds provide ‘a considerable incent& to pian; ini manage new woodlands. The supplementary income thus generated can improve their overall value. Other studies sumest that Short Rotation Coo&e (SRC) crops may provide an attractivehabitat for some gamebird’species and could increase the value of the crop. To investigate this, the use by pheasant and partridge of different types of of SRC at one site was assessed. 96/06151 New concept for the evaluation of rural blogas management In developlng countries Ni, J. 0. and Nyns, E. J. Energy Convers. Mgmt. Oct. 1996, 37, (lo), 1525-1534. In rural sectors of developing countries, the development and management of biogas technology have not been entirely satisfactory in recent years. The usual economic analvses cannot nive an aourouriate assessment of this phenomenon. The preseit work devaops a nk;y doncept, the biogas producer-consumer combination problem, that gives an integrated explanation of the nature of this particular situation. The key role played in the real acceptance of the rural digester is the adopter’s motivation which is influenced by different kinds of factors. 96106152 New fuels. Thelr relatlonshlp to the maln blologlcal cycles Bonechi,C. et al., Chim. Ind. (Milan), 1995, 77, (II), 973-977. (In Italian) Discusses the replacement of liquid fossil fuels with biomass fuels that recycle carbon dioxide which seems to be the right way towards renewable and sustainable alternative energy. 96106153 Oil production from an arld-land plant: fixed-bed rlglda pyrolysis and hydropyrolyslr of Euphorbla Putun, A. E. et a!., Fuel, Sep. 1996, 75, (ll), 1307-1312. Fixed-bed pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis experiments at different temperatures, heating rates and pressures have been conducted on a sample of Euphorbia rigida lo investigate the product yields and characteristics. In hydrogen at I5 MPa and 55O”C,the trends in yield and product composition markedly different from those found previously for coals and oil shales; also the oil yield of 41.5 wt% is more than double that obtained from static retorting. This increase by using high hydrogen pressure is much greater when expressed on a carbon basis, due to the reduced oxygen contents of the oils, and the carbonconversionis increasedby approximately 25% relative to static retorting. 96106154 Performance characterlstlc of a greenhouse lntegrated blogas system Usmani, J. A. et al., Energy Convers. Mgmt., Sep. 1996, 37, (9), 1423-1433. In this oaoer. an attemot has been made to obtain an analvtical exoression for the’instantaneous thermal efficiency of a greenhouse &te rate; biogas system and the instantaneous thermal loss efficiency factor a om the systern for a given capacity. It has been shown that the use of solar energy (greenhouse effect) reduces the period lo achieve the optimum temperature for biogas production. The proposed mathematical expression can be used to test any greenhouse integrated biogas system. The results of the parametric studies have been analytically and numercially determined. 96106155 Physical ropertles of low molecular weight trlglycerldes for the deve Popment of bio-diesel fuel models Goodrum, J. W. and Eiteman, M. A. Bioresource Technol., Apr. 1996,56,
(l), 55-60.
To aid the imorovement of fuel oroaerties of oils. basic ohvsical and combustion-relateb properties of low’ molecular weight’ tAglycerides are described. These properties include density, viscosity, heat capacity, surface tension and vapour pressure. Fuel injection atomization fadtors were determined for these triglycerides. 96lXlz;e5ns
Regional production and utilization of biomass In
Borjesson, P. and Gustavsson, L. Energy Inf. .I., Sep. 1996, 21, (9), 747-764. Analyses regional production and utilisation of biomass in Sweden. 96106157
Sampllng and characterlzatlon of hlgh-molecularwel ht polyaromatlc tar compounds formed In the pressurized flu11 lzed-bed gaslflcatlon of biomass Oesch, P. et al., Fuel, Oct. 1996, 75, (12), 1406-1412. Sampling and analysis methods for high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (heavy tar compounds, MW > 200) formed in pressurized fluidized-bed gasification were developed for analysing the tar content of fuel gas produced from sawdust, wood chips, wood residues (bark, forerst residue chips), straw, wood, wood-coal mixtures, etc. The best sampling method tested was based on controlled condensation at 150°C.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1995 435
Alternative energy
sources
(bioconversionenergy)
96106150 A methodology for asses&g gameblrd use of short rotatlon coppice Baxter.D. A. et al., Biomass & Bioenerav, 1996. 10. (51. 301-306. GameGirds provide ‘a considerable incent& to pian; ini manage new woodlands. The supplementary income thus generated can improve their overall value. Other studies sumest that Short Rotation Coo&e (SRC) crops may provide an attractivehabitat for some gamebird’species and could increase the value of the crop. To investigate this, the use by pheasant and partridge of different types of of SRC at one site was assessed. 96/06151 New concept for the evaluation of rural blogas management In developlng countries Ni, J. 0. and Nyns, E. J. Energy Convers. Mgmt. Oct. 1996, 37, (lo), 1525-1534. In rural sectors of developing countries, the development and management of biogas technology have not been entirely satisfactory in recent years. The usual economic analvses cannot nive an aourouriate assessment of this phenomenon. The preseit work devaops a nk;y doncept, the biogas producer-consumer combination problem, that gives an integrated explanation of the nature of this particular situation. The key role played in the real acceptance of the rural digester is the adopter’s motivation which is influenced by different kinds of factors. 96106152 New fuels. Thelr relatlonshlp to the maln blologlcal cycles Bonechi,C. et al., Chim. Ind. (Milan), 1995, 77, (II), 973-977. (In Italian) Discusses the replacement of liquid fossil fuels with biomass fuels that recycle carbon dioxide which seems to be the right way towards renewable and sustainable alternative energy. 96106153 Oil production from an arld-land plant: fixed-bed rlglda pyrolysis and hydropyrolyslr of Euphorbla Putun, A. E. et a!., Fuel, Sep. 1996, 75, (ll), 1307-1312. Fixed-bed pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis experiments at different temperatures, heating rates and pressures have been conducted on a sample of Euphorbia rigida lo investigate the product yields and characteristics. In hydrogen at I5 MPa and 55O”C,the trends in yield and product composition markedly different from those found previously for coals and oil shales; also the oil yield of 41.5 wt% is more than double that obtained from static retorting. This increase by using high hydrogen pressure is much greater when expressed on a carbon basis, due to the reduced oxygen contents of the oils, and the carbonconversionis increasedby approximately 25% relative to static retorting. 96106154 Performance characterlstlc of a greenhouse lntegrated blogas system Usmani, J. A. et al., Energy Convers. Mgmt., Sep. 1996, 37, (9), 1423-1433. In this oaoer. an attemot has been made to obtain an analvtical exoression for the’instantaneous thermal efficiency of a greenhouse &te rate; biogas system and the instantaneous thermal loss efficiency factor a om the systern for a given capacity. It has been shown that the use of solar energy (greenhouse effect) reduces the period lo achieve the optimum temperature for biogas production. The proposed mathematical expression can be used to test any greenhouse integrated biogas system. The results of the parametric studies have been analytically and numercially determined. 96106155 Physical ropertles of low molecular weight trlglycerldes for the deve Popment of bio-diesel fuel models Goodrum, J. W. and Eiteman, M. A. Bioresource Technol., Apr. 1996,56,
(l), 55-60.
To aid the imorovement of fuel oroaerties of oils. basic ohvsical and combustion-relateb properties of low’ molecular weight’ tAglycerides are described. These properties include density, viscosity, heat capacity, surface tension and vapour pressure. Fuel injection atomization fadtors were determined for these triglycerides. 96lXlz;e5ns
Regional production and utilization of biomass In
Borjesson, P. and Gustavsson, L. Energy Inf. .I., Sep. 1996, 21, (9), 747-764. Analyses regional production and utilisation of biomass in Sweden. 96106157
Sampllng and characterlzatlon of hlgh-molecularwel ht polyaromatlc tar compounds formed In the pressurized flu11 lzed-bed gaslflcatlon of biomass Oesch, P. et al., Fuel, Oct. 1996, 75, (12), 1406-1412. Sampling and analysis methods for high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (heavy tar compounds, MW > 200) formed in pressurized fluidized-bed gasification were developed for analysing the tar content of fuel gas produced from sawdust, wood chips, wood residues (bark, forerst residue chips), straw, wood, wood-coal mixtures, etc. The best sampling method tested was based on controlled condensation at 150°C.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1995 435