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06196 15%-efficient multicrystalline-silicon photovoltaic modules: Cell processing and characterization
07 Alternative energy sources (solar energy) Data eampllng speed versus ener etlc measures 96/06191 ment errors of lrradlatlon monltorlng In photovostalc 8ystom8 Kurokawa, K Solar Energy, Jun. 1996, 56, (a), 527-533. To measure solar irradiation and photovoltaic array output energy a measuring accuracy cannot be guaranteed unless the data sampling interval is appropriately selected. From this viewpoint, actual irradiance has been measured bv comoarativelv hiah soeed samolina of 1-4s for 44 months and the daily e&ors 03 the numeri&l Integral have-been estimated for various step sizes. Dynamic performance of directly coupled photo96106192 voltalc water pumplng system uelng D.C. shunt motor Metwally, H. M. and Anis, W. R. Energy Cowers. Mgmt., Sep. 1996,37, (Y), 1407-1416. The dynamic performance of a typical photovoltaic (PV) powered water pumping s stem is investigated in this paper. The system consists of a PV array, a DE shunt motor and a centrifugal pump. The mathematical models of the system under steady-state and dynamic conditions are developed. A computer simulation program is developed to obtain the steady-state performance at any instant in the year and under any atmospheric conditions. Effect of alr anneallng on the electronic propertles 66106163 of CdS/Cu(ln,Ga)Se, solar cells Moons, E. et aL, Solar Energy & Solar Cells, Aug. 1996, 43, (1), 73-78. The effect of air annealing on state-of-the-art, solar-cell quality CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se, heterojunctions has been studied using contact potential difference and surface photovoltage measurements. The annealing treatment is shown to have no significant effect on the band lineup of the heterojunction. However, the surface photovoltage spectral response increases markedly upon air annealing. These results can be reconciled if air annealing of the junctions leads mainly to elimination of recombination centres, rather than to changes in the built-in voltage or in the band lineup. Also shows that ZnO deposition has an effect on the surface photovoltage that is similar to that of air annealing. The effect of collector aspect ratlo on the collector 96lO6164 efflclency of upward-type flat-plate solar alr heaters Yeh, H. hf. and Lin, C. Y. Energy, Oct. 1996, 21, (lo), 843-850. The effect of collector as ect ratio on the collector efficiency of upwardtype flat-plate solar air Reaters has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical predictions agree reasonably well with experimental results. With constant collector area, the collector efficiency increases with collector aspect ratio. Considerable improvement in collector efficiency of solar air heaters is obtained with air flowing over, instead of under, the absorbing plate. The effects of solvent and dopent lmpurltles on the 96106196 oerformance of LPE elllcon solar cells khi, Z. et at!, -Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Jun. 1996, 41, 53-60. The paper reports on the effect of solvent and dopant impurities on the performance of LPE silicon solar cells. 96106196
16%.efflclent multlcrystalllne-slllcon photovoltalc modules: Cell processing and characterlzatlon Schubert, W. K. et a,!, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Jun. 1996, 41, 137-158. A relatively simple single-photomask process was used to produce highefficiency large-area solar cells on commercially available heat-exchangermethod multicrystalline silicon. Large-area cell efficiencies up to 16.4% were achieved before lamination. These cells were built into two prototype one-sun modules whose performance has set a new standard for mc-Si photovoltaic modules (15% at standard reporting conditions). These results demonstrate that significant performance gains can be achieved in commercial m&i modules with currently available substrates through improved processing. 24% efflclent per1 slllcon solar cell: Recent 96106197 lmprovement8 In hlgh efflclency slllcon cell research Zhao, J. et al., Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Jun. 1996, 41, 87-99. Recent research upon high efficiency passivated emitter, rear locally-diffused (PERL) cells has resulted in a considerable improvement in the energy‘conversion efficiencies of silicon solar cells up to 24.0% under the standard global solar spectrum. Under monochromatic light, energy conversion efficiency of 46.3% for 1.04 urn wavelength light has beenmeasured. These efficiencies are the highest ever reported for a silicon device. 16.4% efflclent, thln active layer slllcon solar cell 96/06196 grown by llquld phase epltaxy :wI~%~G. F. et aL, Solar Energy & Solar Cells, Jul. 1996, 40, (3), An energy conversion efficiency of 16.4% is reported for a silicon solar cell of 4.11 cm2 total area with a thin active layer of 32 urn grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). This is the highest ever total area efficiency for a cell of this type and is due to a number of improvements over earlier reported results. The thin active layer was grown by LPE on an inactive silicon substrate from an indium solution in a 20% hydrogen/argon forming gas mixture ambient rather than pure hydrogen.
436
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996
96lO6199 Electrlcal and structural properties of the WC Interface In poly_SI thln films on graphlte substrates Reindl, T. et al., Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Jun. 1996, 41, 127-135. For the first time the Si/C interface in poly-Si thin films on graphite substrafe is described. ;y;poo
Electrlcal propertlee of UV photochemlcally treated
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Al-Dhafiri, A. M. Solar Energy & Solar Cells, Jul. 1996, 40, (3), 221-229. Cadmium telluride has recently attracted considerable interest as one of the most promising II-VI semiconductors. CdTe has a potential as ‘absorber’ semiconductor because of its direct band gap (1.5 ev), large absorption coefficients, and optical absorption edge. Therefore, it is suitable for use in terrestrial solar cells. There has also been an increased attention in CdTe due to its aoolication in outoelectronics. nuclear radiation detected. and its useas a substrate for the growth of HgCdTe, which is an important infrared detector material. Metal-semiconductor contacts are essential in solar cell devices. 96106201 Energy efflclency of a solar drying system Tins, C. et al., Int. J. Energy Research, Sep. 1996, 20, (Y), 767-770. A solar collector, part of a drying system using solar energy as a heat source, was developed and reported previously and used in product-drying applications. In this study, energy efficiency analyses of the drying system in terms of the collector efficiency were investigated. Results obtained show that the present collector used in this solar drying system is an efficient and effective unit for practical drying applications. Experlmental study and numerical simulation of a 96lO6202 solar still using an external condenser Abu-@dais, M. et al., Energy, Oct. 1996, 21, (lo), S-51-855. A theoretical and an experimental model are presented of the transient and steady-state performance of two types of solar stills. Both a conventional and an external condenser type still were constructed. The two stills were tested under the same conditions. Comparisons were made of productivity and efficiencv under different conditions. The still uroductivitv and efficiency were considerably greater for the external coidenser-typk still than for the conventional still. The authors found good agreement between measured and predicted values when using a numerical model, Extended Infrared response of slllcon solar cells 96106203 and the lmpurlty photovoltalc effect Keevers, M. J. and Green, M. A. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Jun. 1996, 41, 195-204. Sub-bandgap spectral response measurements on silicon solar cells are used to characterise the infrared response of present devices, and to investigate the impurity photovoltaic effects for improving their infrared response. Ferrloxalate-mediated solar degradatlon of organic 96106204 contaminants In water Safarzadeh-Amiri, A. et al., Solar Energy, May 1996, 56, (5), 439-443. The capture and use of solar energy for the destruction of organic pollutants in aqueous media has been studied. The sunlight is captured by ferrioxalate which, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, generates hydroxyl radicals. The latter reacts with and oxidizes organic molecules present in aqueous media. Flnlte-tlme optlmlzatlon of a solar-drlven heat 96/06205 englne Goktun, S. Solar Energy, Jun. 1996, 56, (6), 617-620. Maximum Dower and efficiencv at the maximum Dower ooint of an internally and externally irreversible finite-size solar thermal ‘power plant heat engine are treated. It was found that the thermal efficiency depends on the internal irreversibility resulting from the working fluid for a given value of reservoir temperature ratio. It was also concluded that the heat-exchangers optimum size ratio must be less than one for maximum power output. Flexible and light welght copper lndlum dlselenlde 96106206 solar cells on polylmlde substrates t;_s$ B. M. et al., Solar Energy & Solar Cells, Aug. 1996, 43, (l),
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Thin film flexible CuInSe, (CIS) solar cells have been fabricated for the first time on light-weight polymeric substrates. Evaporated Cu-In alloy precursors were selenized in H,Se atmosphere at around 400°C to grow the CIS absorber layers. Low temperature techniques which are compatible with the polymeric substrates were used to deposit the window layers of CdS and ZnO. Focus on Industry. Solar Energy lndustrles 96/06207 Assoclatlon Prowse, R. Solar Progress, Apr.-Jun. 1996, 17, (2), 20-21. Reports from solar energy associations in Australia.
16%.efflclent multlcrystalllne-slllcon photovoltalc modules: Cell processing and characterlzatlon Schubert, W. K. et a,!, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Jun. 1996, 41, 137-158. A relatively simple single-photomask process was used to produce highefficiency large-area solar cells on commercially available heat-exchangermethod multicrystalline silicon. Large-area cell efficiencies up to 16.4% were achieved before lamination. These cells were built into two prototype one-sun modules whose performance has set a new standard for mc-Si photovoltaic modules (15% at standard reporting conditions). These results demonstrate that significant performance gains can be achieved in commercial m&i modules with currently available substrates through improved processing. 24% efflclent per1 slllcon solar cell: Recent 96106197 lmprovement8 In hlgh efflclency slllcon cell research Zhao, J. et al., Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Jun. 1996, 41, 87-99. Recent research upon high efficiency passivated emitter, rear locally-diffused (PERL) cells has resulted in a considerable improvement in the energy‘conversion efficiencies of silicon solar cells up to 24.0% under the standard global solar spectrum. Under monochromatic light, energy conversion efficiency of 46.3% for 1.04 urn wavelength light has beenmeasured. These efficiencies are the highest ever reported for a silicon device. 16.4% efflclent, thln active layer slllcon solar cell 96/06196 grown by llquld phase epltaxy :wI~%~G. F. et aL, Solar Energy & Solar Cells, Jul. 1996, 40, (3), An energy conversion efficiency of 16.4% is reported for a silicon solar cell of 4.11 cm2 total area with a thin active layer of 32 urn grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). This is the highest ever total area efficiency for a cell of this type and is due to a number of improvements over earlier reported results. The thin active layer was grown by LPE on an inactive silicon substrate from an indium solution in a 20% hydrogen/argon forming gas mixture ambient rather than pure hydrogen.
436
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996
96lO6199 Electrlcal and structural properties of the WC Interface In poly_SI thln films on graphlte substrates Reindl, T. et al., Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Jun. 1996, 41, 127-135. For the first time the Si/C interface in poly-Si thin films on graphite substrafe is described. ;y;poo
Electrlcal propertlee of UV photochemlcally treated
_-._
Al-Dhafiri, A. M. Solar Energy & Solar Cells, Jul. 1996, 40, (3), 221-229. Cadmium telluride has recently attracted considerable interest as one of the most promising II-VI semiconductors. CdTe has a potential as ‘absorber’ semiconductor because of its direct band gap (1.5 ev), large absorption coefficients, and optical absorption edge. Therefore, it is suitable for use in terrestrial solar cells. There has also been an increased attention in CdTe due to its aoolication in outoelectronics. nuclear radiation detected. and its useas a substrate for the growth of HgCdTe, which is an important infrared detector material. Metal-semiconductor contacts are essential in solar cell devices. 96106201 Energy efflclency of a solar drying system Tins, C. et al., Int. J. Energy Research, Sep. 1996, 20, (Y), 767-770. A solar collector, part of a drying system using solar energy as a heat source, was developed and reported previously and used in product-drying applications. In this study, energy efficiency analyses of the drying system in terms of the collector efficiency were investigated. Results obtained show that the present collector used in this solar drying system is an efficient and effective unit for practical drying applications. Experlmental study and numerical simulation of a 96lO6202 solar still using an external condenser Abu-@dais, M. et al., Energy, Oct. 1996, 21, (lo), S-51-855. A theoretical and an experimental model are presented of the transient and steady-state performance of two types of solar stills. Both a conventional and an external condenser type still were constructed. The two stills were tested under the same conditions. Comparisons were made of productivity and efficiencv under different conditions. The still uroductivitv and efficiency were considerably greater for the external coidenser-typk still than for the conventional still. The authors found good agreement between measured and predicted values when using a numerical model, Extended Infrared response of slllcon solar cells 96106203 and the lmpurlty photovoltalc effect Keevers, M. J. and Green, M. A. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Jun. 1996, 41, 195-204. Sub-bandgap spectral response measurements on silicon solar cells are used to characterise the infrared response of present devices, and to investigate the impurity photovoltaic effects for improving their infrared response. Ferrloxalate-mediated solar degradatlon of organic 96106204 contaminants In water Safarzadeh-Amiri, A. et al., Solar Energy, May 1996, 56, (5), 439-443. The capture and use of solar energy for the destruction of organic pollutants in aqueous media has been studied. The sunlight is captured by ferrioxalate which, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, generates hydroxyl radicals. The latter reacts with and oxidizes organic molecules present in aqueous media. Flnlte-tlme optlmlzatlon of a solar-drlven heat 96/06205 englne Goktun, S. Solar Energy, Jun. 1996, 56, (6), 617-620. Maximum Dower and efficiencv at the maximum Dower ooint of an internally and externally irreversible finite-size solar thermal ‘power plant heat engine are treated. It was found that the thermal efficiency depends on the internal irreversibility resulting from the working fluid for a given value of reservoir temperature ratio. It was also concluded that the heat-exchangers optimum size ratio must be less than one for maximum power output. Flexible and light welght copper lndlum dlselenlde 96106206 solar cells on polylmlde substrates t;_s$ B. M. et al., Solar Energy & Solar Cells, Aug. 1996, 43, (l),
_- __.
Thin film flexible CuInSe, (CIS) solar cells have been fabricated for the first time on light-weight polymeric substrates. Evaporated Cu-In alloy precursors were selenized in H,Se atmosphere at around 400°C to grow the CIS absorber layers. Low temperature techniques which are compatible with the polymeric substrates were used to deposit the window layers of CdS and ZnO. Focus on Industry. Solar Energy lndustrles 96/06207 Assoclatlon Prowse, R. Solar Progress, Apr.-Jun. 1996, 17, (2), 20-21. Reports from solar energy associations in Australia.