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06276 European cooperation for large-scale wind power project
07
Tidal/Wave
Energy
Renewable enerav sources 96106276 Ital., May 19%, 47, (5), M&i, G. L. and Spiga, M. %tallatore 867-883. (In Italian) An overview of renewable energy sources plus an analysis of their current and prospective fields of application.
Wind Energy 96106276 European cooperation for largorcale wlnd power project Minett, S. Energy World, May 1996, (239), 14-15. Despite its obvious environmental advantages as a renewable energy source, wind power has come in for much criticism because of its visual impact, and noise pollution. The Eureka project decribed in this article has been successful in its work to reduce the noise created during wind turbine operation. 96106277 Fr;tratlon
Institutional and commercial factor8 affecting the of small embedded wlnd turbines Into weak rural UK
Batley, S. L. and Twidell, J. W. Inf. J. Amb. Energy, Jul. 1996, 17, (3), 139-144. Discusses how owners of relative small wind turbines may wish to integrate power production with rural grid connections. Considers the contractual aspects of such embedded generation. 96106276 lnstrumentatlon and model development for the Proven 2.2 kW wlnd turbine Lloyd, S. H. and Infield, D. G. Int. J. Amb. Energy, Jul. 1996, 17, (3), 131-138. Gives details of the work done during the first phase of a 3-year project to design, develop and build a controller for optimum load matching a small variable speed wind turbine. This is the Proven 2.2 kW, three-bladed passive pitching and coning turbine which operates downwind with passive yawing and uses a permanent magnet three phase generator. 96106279 Meteorologlcal and topological factors lnfluenclng the ower quality of wind turblne electrlclty generatlon lrom wln 8 farms In complex terraln Schlez, W. and Infield, D. G. Int. .I. Amb. Energy, Jul. 1996, 17, (3), 145-150. Presents spectral density functions calculated from wind speed data collected in moderately complex terrain. Reports that these give information required for modelling the impact of embedded wind turbine generation and also suggest the direction of future work. 96lQ620Q A atudy ot the near wake structure of a wlnd turblne comparlng measurements from laboratory and full-scale experlments Whale, I. ef al., Solar Energy, Jun. 1996, 56, (6), 621-633. Wake flow measurements have been performed using the technique of particle image velocimetry (PIV) at stations downstream from a model wind turbine rotor, and evaluated against experimental data from two fullscale machines. Comparisons include both mean velocity and turbulent intensity cross-wake profiles of a range of tip speed ratios. The application of PIV to the study of wind turbine wakes is described in detail, including the steps required to ensure appropriate and accurate simulation of the flow field conditions. The results suggest that the PIV method is a potentially useful tool in the investigation of detailed wake flow, though significant differences are observed between wake velocity deficits at full- and model scale.
Others, Including
Development,
Economics
9610626 1 Affordable Independence: lnsplratlonal self sufflclency In Southern New South Wales Dunbar, D. Solar Progress, Apr.-Jun. 1996, 17, (2), 18-19. Describes the design of a dwelling in a remote area of Southern New South Wales, Australia, using solar energy. 96106282 Coalltlon policy on renewable energy Solar Progress, Apr.-Jun. 1996, 17, (2), 16-17. Reports on renewable energy policies by the Australian Government. Collquefactlon of coal and waste polymers 96106283 Anderson, L. L. ef al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1515-1518. Describes how Blind Canyon coal was co-liquefied at loo0 psi H, with commingled waste plastics and, separate waste polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(ethylene terephthalate), with nearly 100% plastic conversion.
Alternative energy sources (others, including development, economics) Current llmltatlons on further lntroductlon of 96106284 renewable energy systems In the South Pacific. Flve natlonal case studies Yu, X. and Gilmour, A. Energy Policy, Aug. 1996, 24, (8), 697-711. The paper identifies problems which are limiting the development of renewable energy in the South Pacific. The discussion is based on inforrnation from case studies that were carried out in five countries in early 1995. In discussing the role of international assistance in encouraging the use of renewable energy in the South Pacific, an emphasis is placed on examination of the Australian international aid policy and practices. Shortages of skilled human resources, inappropriate institutions and scarcity of capital resources are major issues impeding the development of renewable energy systems in the South Pacific region. In the future, international aid should give priority to renewable energy; support human resource and institutional development related to energy matters; and also, provide sufficient initial capital for renewable energy. 96/06286 Development 6r new disposable catalyst tar convertlng waste plastics to hlgh quality transportatlon fuel Nakamura, 1. and Fujimoto, K. Sekiyu Gakkaishi, 1996, 39, (3), 245-248. Describes an iron-containing catalyst supported on coal-derived active carbon which showed excellent activity for liquefaction of polypropylene to selectively give colourless distillates. Free radicals on active carbon seem to initiate cracking reactions by hydrogen abstraction from polypropylene to form a large molecular-weight hydrocarbon radical. However, consecutive cracking of this hydrocarbon radical was suppressed by hydrogenatioo on the iron particle to give colourless distillates. 96106286 Development of new disposable catalyst for waste plastics treatment for hlgh quality transportatlon fuel Nakamura, 1. and Fujimoto, K. Catal. Today, 1996, 27, (l), 175-179. An iron support coal-derived active carbon catalyst showed excellent activity for liquefaction of polypropylene at low reaction temperature to give colourless distillates selectively in the presence of small amounts of H,S. Free radical on active carbon should initiate a cracking reaction by hydrogen abstraction to form a hydrocrbon radical. Direct llquefactlon of waste plastics and coll96lQ6287 quefactlon of waste plastics wlth coal Huffman, G. P. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1519-1522. Liquefaction of waste plastics with coal was carried out at 100-180 psi (cold) H, or N, in the presence of solvent (Tetralin or used lubricating oil), optionally in the presence of HZSM-5 zeolite or ferrihydrite-containing catalysts. The oil yields are not strongly dependent on H, pressure. Under the same conditions, liquefaction of polypropylene undergoes considerably more synergistic reactIons with coal than polyethylene. Liquefaction at 445’ in waste lubricating oil was more favourable than in Tetralin. 96106288 Education for alternatlve technologies Elliott, D. Inr. J. Ambient Energy, Apr. 1996, 17, (2), 59-64. Discusses how the environment issues have recently become a major driving force throughout the UK educational system. In parallel, interest has continued to grow in what was orginally called ‘alternative technology’. Defines this and also discusses linked concepts such as ‘appropriate technology’ or ‘intermediate technology’. 96106289 The German Government’s programme for promotIng renewable energles Schafhausen, F. Sanif. Heiz. Tech., Mar. 1996, 61, (3), 133-145. (In German) Discusses the approach of the German Government to the use of renewable energy and examines the potential for various renewable energy sources in Germany. 96106290 An lnvestlgatlon of the use of soybean oil In hydraulic systems Honary, L. A. Bioresource Technol., Apr. 1996, 56, (l), 41-47. The report is the result of grants from the soybean growers in Iowa for investigating the potential use of soybean oil in hydraulic systems and other industrial lubricant applications. It was observed that soybean oil naturally performs well in lubricating pump components. The lack of oxidative stability, however, causes an increase in the viscosity of untreated soybean oil during use in hydraulic systems. Three approaches were identified to address ttns problem. One was the use of additives, second was the use of genetically altered seeds with altered fatty acid profiles, and third was through chemical modification of the soybean oil. The results indicated that the performance of soybean oil can be improved through one or more of the approaches identified. Llquefactlon ot coal/waste plastlc mixtures 96106291 Palmer, S. R. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1523-1526. Non-catalytic coal liquefaction in Tetralin in the presence of polyethylene and polypropylene wastes showed a synergism at lower temperatures, but lost this synergism at more than 42.5”.It was suggested that a free-radical hydrogen abstraction mechanism is responsible for much of the observed behaviour, and that Tetralin retards plastic decomposition via a radical capping or adduction mechanism.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996 443
Tidal/Wave
Energy
Renewable enerav sources 96106276 Ital., May 19%, 47, (5), M&i, G. L. and Spiga, M. %tallatore 867-883. (In Italian) An overview of renewable energy sources plus an analysis of their current and prospective fields of application.
Wind Energy 96106276 European cooperation for largorcale wlnd power project Minett, S. Energy World, May 1996, (239), 14-15. Despite its obvious environmental advantages as a renewable energy source, wind power has come in for much criticism because of its visual impact, and noise pollution. The Eureka project decribed in this article has been successful in its work to reduce the noise created during wind turbine operation. 96106277 Fr;tratlon
Institutional and commercial factor8 affecting the of small embedded wlnd turbines Into weak rural UK
Batley, S. L. and Twidell, J. W. Inf. J. Amb. Energy, Jul. 1996, 17, (3), 139-144. Discusses how owners of relative small wind turbines may wish to integrate power production with rural grid connections. Considers the contractual aspects of such embedded generation. 96106276 lnstrumentatlon and model development for the Proven 2.2 kW wlnd turbine Lloyd, S. H. and Infield, D. G. Int. J. Amb. Energy, Jul. 1996, 17, (3), 131-138. Gives details of the work done during the first phase of a 3-year project to design, develop and build a controller for optimum load matching a small variable speed wind turbine. This is the Proven 2.2 kW, three-bladed passive pitching and coning turbine which operates downwind with passive yawing and uses a permanent magnet three phase generator. 96106279 Meteorologlcal and topological factors lnfluenclng the ower quality of wind turblne electrlclty generatlon lrom wln 8 farms In complex terraln Schlez, W. and Infield, D. G. Int. .I. Amb. Energy, Jul. 1996, 17, (3), 145-150. Presents spectral density functions calculated from wind speed data collected in moderately complex terrain. Reports that these give information required for modelling the impact of embedded wind turbine generation and also suggest the direction of future work. 96lQ620Q A atudy ot the near wake structure of a wlnd turblne comparlng measurements from laboratory and full-scale experlments Whale, I. ef al., Solar Energy, Jun. 1996, 56, (6), 621-633. Wake flow measurements have been performed using the technique of particle image velocimetry (PIV) at stations downstream from a model wind turbine rotor, and evaluated against experimental data from two fullscale machines. Comparisons include both mean velocity and turbulent intensity cross-wake profiles of a range of tip speed ratios. The application of PIV to the study of wind turbine wakes is described in detail, including the steps required to ensure appropriate and accurate simulation of the flow field conditions. The results suggest that the PIV method is a potentially useful tool in the investigation of detailed wake flow, though significant differences are observed between wake velocity deficits at full- and model scale.
Others, Including
Development,
Economics
9610626 1 Affordable Independence: lnsplratlonal self sufflclency In Southern New South Wales Dunbar, D. Solar Progress, Apr.-Jun. 1996, 17, (2), 18-19. Describes the design of a dwelling in a remote area of Southern New South Wales, Australia, using solar energy. 96106282 Coalltlon policy on renewable energy Solar Progress, Apr.-Jun. 1996, 17, (2), 16-17. Reports on renewable energy policies by the Australian Government. Collquefactlon of coal and waste polymers 96106283 Anderson, L. L. ef al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1515-1518. Describes how Blind Canyon coal was co-liquefied at loo0 psi H, with commingled waste plastics and, separate waste polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(ethylene terephthalate), with nearly 100% plastic conversion.
Alternative energy sources (others, including development, economics) Current llmltatlons on further lntroductlon of 96106284 renewable energy systems In the South Pacific. Flve natlonal case studies Yu, X. and Gilmour, A. Energy Policy, Aug. 1996, 24, (8), 697-711. The paper identifies problems which are limiting the development of renewable energy in the South Pacific. The discussion is based on inforrnation from case studies that were carried out in five countries in early 1995. In discussing the role of international assistance in encouraging the use of renewable energy in the South Pacific, an emphasis is placed on examination of the Australian international aid policy and practices. Shortages of skilled human resources, inappropriate institutions and scarcity of capital resources are major issues impeding the development of renewable energy systems in the South Pacific region. In the future, international aid should give priority to renewable energy; support human resource and institutional development related to energy matters; and also, provide sufficient initial capital for renewable energy. 96/06286 Development 6r new disposable catalyst tar convertlng waste plastics to hlgh quality transportatlon fuel Nakamura, 1. and Fujimoto, K. Sekiyu Gakkaishi, 1996, 39, (3), 245-248. Describes an iron-containing catalyst supported on coal-derived active carbon which showed excellent activity for liquefaction of polypropylene to selectively give colourless distillates. Free radicals on active carbon seem to initiate cracking reactions by hydrogen abstraction from polypropylene to form a large molecular-weight hydrocarbon radical. However, consecutive cracking of this hydrocarbon radical was suppressed by hydrogenatioo on the iron particle to give colourless distillates. 96106286 Development of new disposable catalyst for waste plastics treatment for hlgh quality transportatlon fuel Nakamura, 1. and Fujimoto, K. Catal. Today, 1996, 27, (l), 175-179. An iron support coal-derived active carbon catalyst showed excellent activity for liquefaction of polypropylene at low reaction temperature to give colourless distillates selectively in the presence of small amounts of H,S. Free radical on active carbon should initiate a cracking reaction by hydrogen abstraction to form a hydrocrbon radical. Direct llquefactlon of waste plastics and coll96lQ6287 quefactlon of waste plastics wlth coal Huffman, G. P. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1519-1522. Liquefaction of waste plastics with coal was carried out at 100-180 psi (cold) H, or N, in the presence of solvent (Tetralin or used lubricating oil), optionally in the presence of HZSM-5 zeolite or ferrihydrite-containing catalysts. The oil yields are not strongly dependent on H, pressure. Under the same conditions, liquefaction of polypropylene undergoes considerably more synergistic reactIons with coal than polyethylene. Liquefaction at 445’ in waste lubricating oil was more favourable than in Tetralin. 96106288 Education for alternatlve technologies Elliott, D. Inr. J. Ambient Energy, Apr. 1996, 17, (2), 59-64. Discusses how the environment issues have recently become a major driving force throughout the UK educational system. In parallel, interest has continued to grow in what was orginally called ‘alternative technology’. Defines this and also discusses linked concepts such as ‘appropriate technology’ or ‘intermediate technology’. 96106289 The German Government’s programme for promotIng renewable energles Schafhausen, F. Sanif. Heiz. Tech., Mar. 1996, 61, (3), 133-145. (In German) Discusses the approach of the German Government to the use of renewable energy and examines the potential for various renewable energy sources in Germany. 96106290 An lnvestlgatlon of the use of soybean oil In hydraulic systems Honary, L. A. Bioresource Technol., Apr. 1996, 56, (l), 41-47. The report is the result of grants from the soybean growers in Iowa for investigating the potential use of soybean oil in hydraulic systems and other industrial lubricant applications. It was observed that soybean oil naturally performs well in lubricating pump components. The lack of oxidative stability, however, causes an increase in the viscosity of untreated soybean oil during use in hydraulic systems. Three approaches were identified to address ttns problem. One was the use of additives, second was the use of genetically altered seeds with altered fatty acid profiles, and third was through chemical modification of the soybean oil. The results indicated that the performance of soybean oil can be improved through one or more of the approaches identified. Llquefactlon ot coal/waste plastlc mixtures 96106291 Palmer, S. R. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, 1523-1526. Non-catalytic coal liquefaction in Tetralin in the presence of polyethylene and polypropylene wastes showed a synergism at lower temperatures, but lost this synergism at more than 42.5”.It was suggested that a free-radical hydrogen abstraction mechanism is responsible for much of the observed behaviour, and that Tetralin retards plastic decomposition via a radical capping or adduction mechanism.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996 443