- Email: [email protected]
06461 Modelling a charcoal production system fired by the exhaust of a diesel engine
12
Refractories/ceramics
(properiies, production, applications)
96/06459 Mlnlmizatlon of total costs of application of heat exchangers Buzek, J. and Podkanski, J. Chemical Engineering & Processing, Jun. 1996, 35: (3), 181-186. In chemical plants shell-and-tube heat exchangers are among the most frequently used apparatuses and msts of heat transfer usually determine the cost of a whole process. The definition of the optimum series of heat exchangers, and the application of elements from the series lead lo the decreasein costs of heat transfer. Optimum series of heat exchangers can be created only if there is market demand for apparatuses suitable for various process parameters and costs of heat exchanger production and operation are known. During calculations combinatorial explosion can be avoided owing lo certain properties of the cost functions of apparatuses forming the series. 96/06460 A model to determlne film coefflclents for spherlcal objects during ccollng Dincer, I. Energy Comers. Mgmt., Nov. 1996, 37, (ll), 1601-1607. An analytical model was developed for determining film coefficients from measured centre temoerature data for a soherical obiecf durinn coolinn. The present model &as tested using some’experimen~al data oGained f& individual spherical products cooled at different air-flow velocities. The results of this study-indicate that the film coefficient increased with an increase in the air-flow velocity. It can be concluded that the present model is capable of determining the-film coefficients for spherical objects subjected to cooling in a simple and accurate manner. 96106461 Modelllng a charcoal production system fired by the exhaust of a diesel engine Prasad, S. B. Energy Convers. Mgmt, Oct. 1996, 37, (lo), 1535-1546. A rural area power supply system which produces charcoal as a by-product for use elsewhere through the gasification of biomass fuels is modelled. The power generation system utilizes a conventionally-fuelled engine-generatdr com&ation to produce electricity for local us& The energy nelded for the gasification process is obtained from the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, which could be a petrol engine, a diesel engine or a gas en ine. In this particular model, a diesel engine-generator system is specifica f ly used. Objective function and algorlthm of optlmlzatlon of 96106462 series of chemical apparatus Buzek, J. er al., Chemical Engineering & Processing, Jun. 1996, 35, (3), 169-180. The use of optimum series of heat exchangers rather than ones individually produced may benefit both manufacturers and users. A method for the optimization of a series of heat exchangers has been presented. A possible decrease of around 20% in the capital cost of apparatus produced in a series has been estimated in comparison with individually produced units. The method can be extended to other series of apparatus used by the chemical process industries. Optlmlzatlon of anthracite calclnatlon process In a 96lQ6463 vertical electric arc furnace Perron, J. et al., Light Mer. (Warrendale, Pa), 1996, 597-602. Anthracite used for cathode block manufacturing must be calcined prior lo its use to eliminate volatile matter and reduce its electrical resistivity. Anthracite calcination in vertical electric arc furnaces is widely used in the industry. It is well known that this technology leads to a radial tern erature gradient in the furnace which results in non-homogeneous calcine B anthracite properties. Also, operation experience has shown that production of calcibation furnaces cati be difficult to stabilize if process changes occur, which may lead to variable quality of the calcined material. 96106464
Performance analysls of a moving-bed heat exchanger In vertical pipes Park, S. I. Energy, Oct. 1996, 21, (lo), 911-918. A numerical study of a moving-bed heat exchan er with solid particles inside vertical pipes has been performed using the 8.mte difference method. The governing differential equation was derived assuming a uniform axial velocity for the solid particles. The moving-bed heat exchanger was either of the countercurrent, parallel or cross-flow type. For each, the thermal performance of the heat exchanger was calculated as a function of nondimensional parameters such as characteristic length. Biot number and ratio of heat capacities of gas to solid particles. For cross flow, effects of the numbers of vertical pipes and passes were determined. 96106465
Performance Improvement by control of flow rates and diesel lnjectlcn tlmlng on dual-fuel engine with ethanol Noguchi, N. er al., Bioresource Technol,, Apr. 1996, 56, (l), 35-39. To;tili& ethanol from anricultural residue as a fuel in diesel engines. a dual-fuel engine was devgloped. The engine, which was equipped-wit6 a system to electrically control diesel and alcohol flow rates, met basic requirements of a tractor engine, including engine speed control and setting of the torque curve. However, engine knock due to alcohol was a significant drawback. A diesel injection pump with a timing and flow rate control system was adapted, and the effect of injection timing on combustion and performance was investigated. It was observed that the timing control was effective in reducing engine knock caused by rapid alcohol combustion.
454
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996
96106466 A theoretical approach to predict the performance of chevron-type plate heat exchangers Martin, H. Chemical Engineering & Processing, Aug. 1996, 35, (4), 301-310.
96106467 The UK market for Industrial heating Whittome, S. and Champion, S. Report MR 8196, BSRIA, Old Bracknell
Lane West, Bra&tell, Berkshire RG12 7AH, UX; f375.00 f450.00 (non-members), 1996, 60 pp.
(members)
The report presents an introduction to the f45 million market for industrial heaters. Relates to direct acting heating products used lo heat industrial and commercial premises. 96106468 The use of coal In the EAF %;el, A. and Roth, J. L. Rev. MetalLICah. Inf: Tech., 1996, 93, (l), Discusses the use of coal in the electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking.
12 REFRACTORIES/CERAMICS Properties,
Production,
Applications
96106469 Boiler flues made of special glass Wollenberg, H. D. Technik am Bau, May 1996, (.5), 63-65. (In German) Discusses the corrosive nature of condensing boiler exhaust gases and the causes of this. Describes a system of flues made of special borosilicate 3.3 glass which cannot be damaged by aggressive flue gases and condensate. 96106470 Impact of char and ash fines on porous ceramic filter life ,4;4;7:. A. Prep. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2), The paper reviews several of the char and ash related issues that have been encountered in various Westinghouse Advanced Particulate Filtration systems which limited filter life.
13 SPACE HEATING AND COOLING 96106471 AlternatIve air condltlonlng solutlons Love, M. et al., Refrig. Air Condit., May 1996, 99, 19-37. Six short articles dealing with new developments in air conditioning. 96106472 Analysls of second-loop refrigeration systems uslng carbon dloxlde as a volatile secondary refrigerant Inlow, S. W. and Groll, E. A. ht. J. HVAC & R Rex, ASHRAE, Apr. 1996, 2, (2), 107-121. Describes an investigation of a secondary-loop refrigeration system using ammonia in the primary-loop and CO as a volatile secondary refrigerant, as an alternative system for supermar 2ets. 96106473
Analytical model for heat transfer In an under-
around =_--.._ alr _.. tunnel ._. __
Krarti, M. and Kreider, J. F. Energy Convers. Mgmr., Oct. 1996,37, (lo), 1561-1574. A simplified analytical model is developed lo determine the energy performance of an underground air tunnel. The model assumes that the air tunnel-ground system reaches eriodic and quasi-steady state behaviour after some days of operation. $ he model can predict the air temperature variation along the air tunnel for any hour of the day. It can also determine the daily mean and amplitude of the total cooling/heating effect of the tunnel. Parametric analvsis is conducted to determine the effect of tunnel hydraulic diameter and-air flow rate on the heat transfer between ground and air inside the tunnel. The model is validated against measured data. 96106474
Benefits of adsorption refrlgeratlon In conlunctlon
wlth dlstrlct heatlng In Kassel Frey, G. and Gobel, R. Eurohear & Pwr. Fern. Inr., Apr.-May 1996, 25,
(4), 218-228. (In German) Describes the application of adsorption refrigeration plant put into operation in 1995 in Kassel, powered by heat from the district heating network. The plant uses the environmentally-compatible materials of water as a refrigerant and silica gel as an adsorbent. 96106475
Better air with less energy Reiners, W. Elektrowarme A, Mar. 1996, 54, (l), 4-46. (In German) Nine short articles dealing with mechanical domestic ventilation with heat recovery.
Refractories/ceramics
(properiies, production, applications)
96/06459 Mlnlmizatlon of total costs of application of heat exchangers Buzek, J. and Podkanski, J. Chemical Engineering & Processing, Jun. 1996, 35: (3), 181-186. In chemical plants shell-and-tube heat exchangers are among the most frequently used apparatuses and msts of heat transfer usually determine the cost of a whole process. The definition of the optimum series of heat exchangers, and the application of elements from the series lead lo the decreasein costs of heat transfer. Optimum series of heat exchangers can be created only if there is market demand for apparatuses suitable for various process parameters and costs of heat exchanger production and operation are known. During calculations combinatorial explosion can be avoided owing lo certain properties of the cost functions of apparatuses forming the series. 96/06460 A model to determlne film coefflclents for spherlcal objects during ccollng Dincer, I. Energy Comers. Mgmt., Nov. 1996, 37, (ll), 1601-1607. An analytical model was developed for determining film coefficients from measured centre temoerature data for a soherical obiecf durinn coolinn. The present model &as tested using some’experimen~al data oGained f& individual spherical products cooled at different air-flow velocities. The results of this study-indicate that the film coefficient increased with an increase in the air-flow velocity. It can be concluded that the present model is capable of determining the-film coefficients for spherical objects subjected to cooling in a simple and accurate manner. 96106461 Modelllng a charcoal production system fired by the exhaust of a diesel engine Prasad, S. B. Energy Convers. Mgmt, Oct. 1996, 37, (lo), 1535-1546. A rural area power supply system which produces charcoal as a by-product for use elsewhere through the gasification of biomass fuels is modelled. The power generation system utilizes a conventionally-fuelled engine-generatdr com&ation to produce electricity for local us& The energy nelded for the gasification process is obtained from the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, which could be a petrol engine, a diesel engine or a gas en ine. In this particular model, a diesel engine-generator system is specifica f ly used. Objective function and algorlthm of optlmlzatlon of 96106462 series of chemical apparatus Buzek, J. er al., Chemical Engineering & Processing, Jun. 1996, 35, (3), 169-180. The use of optimum series of heat exchangers rather than ones individually produced may benefit both manufacturers and users. A method for the optimization of a series of heat exchangers has been presented. A possible decrease of around 20% in the capital cost of apparatus produced in a series has been estimated in comparison with individually produced units. The method can be extended to other series of apparatus used by the chemical process industries. Optlmlzatlon of anthracite calclnatlon process In a 96lQ6463 vertical electric arc furnace Perron, J. et al., Light Mer. (Warrendale, Pa), 1996, 597-602. Anthracite used for cathode block manufacturing must be calcined prior lo its use to eliminate volatile matter and reduce its electrical resistivity. Anthracite calcination in vertical electric arc furnaces is widely used in the industry. It is well known that this technology leads to a radial tern erature gradient in the furnace which results in non-homogeneous calcine B anthracite properties. Also, operation experience has shown that production of calcibation furnaces cati be difficult to stabilize if process changes occur, which may lead to variable quality of the calcined material. 96106464
Performance analysls of a moving-bed heat exchanger In vertical pipes Park, S. I. Energy, Oct. 1996, 21, (lo), 911-918. A numerical study of a moving-bed heat exchan er with solid particles inside vertical pipes has been performed using the 8.mte difference method. The governing differential equation was derived assuming a uniform axial velocity for the solid particles. The moving-bed heat exchanger was either of the countercurrent, parallel or cross-flow type. For each, the thermal performance of the heat exchanger was calculated as a function of nondimensional parameters such as characteristic length. Biot number and ratio of heat capacities of gas to solid particles. For cross flow, effects of the numbers of vertical pipes and passes were determined. 96106465
Performance Improvement by control of flow rates and diesel lnjectlcn tlmlng on dual-fuel engine with ethanol Noguchi, N. er al., Bioresource Technol,, Apr. 1996, 56, (l), 35-39. To;tili& ethanol from anricultural residue as a fuel in diesel engines. a dual-fuel engine was devgloped. The engine, which was equipped-wit6 a system to electrically control diesel and alcohol flow rates, met basic requirements of a tractor engine, including engine speed control and setting of the torque curve. However, engine knock due to alcohol was a significant drawback. A diesel injection pump with a timing and flow rate control system was adapted, and the effect of injection timing on combustion and performance was investigated. It was observed that the timing control was effective in reducing engine knock caused by rapid alcohol combustion.
454
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996
96106466 A theoretical approach to predict the performance of chevron-type plate heat exchangers Martin, H. Chemical Engineering & Processing, Aug. 1996, 35, (4), 301-310.
96106467 The UK market for Industrial heating Whittome, S. and Champion, S. Report MR 8196, BSRIA, Old Bracknell
Lane West, Bra&tell, Berkshire RG12 7AH, UX; f375.00 f450.00 (non-members), 1996, 60 pp.
(members)
The report presents an introduction to the f45 million market for industrial heaters. Relates to direct acting heating products used lo heat industrial and commercial premises. 96106468 The use of coal In the EAF %;el, A. and Roth, J. L. Rev. MetalLICah. Inf: Tech., 1996, 93, (l), Discusses the use of coal in the electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking.
12 REFRACTORIES/CERAMICS Properties,
Production,
Applications
96106469 Boiler flues made of special glass Wollenberg, H. D. Technik am Bau, May 1996, (.5), 63-65. (In German) Discusses the corrosive nature of condensing boiler exhaust gases and the causes of this. Describes a system of flues made of special borosilicate 3.3 glass which cannot be damaged by aggressive flue gases and condensate. 96106470 Impact of char and ash fines on porous ceramic filter life ,4;4;7:. A. Prep. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2), The paper reviews several of the char and ash related issues that have been encountered in various Westinghouse Advanced Particulate Filtration systems which limited filter life.
13 SPACE HEATING AND COOLING 96106471 AlternatIve air condltlonlng solutlons Love, M. et al., Refrig. Air Condit., May 1996, 99, 19-37. Six short articles dealing with new developments in air conditioning. 96106472 Analysls of second-loop refrigeration systems uslng carbon dloxlde as a volatile secondary refrigerant Inlow, S. W. and Groll, E. A. ht. J. HVAC & R Rex, ASHRAE, Apr. 1996, 2, (2), 107-121. Describes an investigation of a secondary-loop refrigeration system using ammonia in the primary-loop and CO as a volatile secondary refrigerant, as an alternative system for supermar 2ets. 96106473
Analytical model for heat transfer In an under-
around =_--.._ alr _.. tunnel ._. __
Krarti, M. and Kreider, J. F. Energy Convers. Mgmr., Oct. 1996,37, (lo), 1561-1574. A simplified analytical model is developed lo determine the energy performance of an underground air tunnel. The model assumes that the air tunnel-ground system reaches eriodic and quasi-steady state behaviour after some days of operation. $ he model can predict the air temperature variation along the air tunnel for any hour of the day. It can also determine the daily mean and amplitude of the total cooling/heating effect of the tunnel. Parametric analvsis is conducted to determine the effect of tunnel hydraulic diameter and-air flow rate on the heat transfer between ground and air inside the tunnel. The model is validated against measured data. 96106474
Benefits of adsorption refrlgeratlon In conlunctlon
wlth dlstrlct heatlng In Kassel Frey, G. and Gobel, R. Eurohear & Pwr. Fern. Inr., Apr.-May 1996, 25,
(4), 218-228. (In German) Describes the application of adsorption refrigeration plant put into operation in 1995 in Kassel, powered by heat from the district heating network. The plant uses the environmentally-compatible materials of water as a refrigerant and silica gel as an adsorbent. 96106475
Better air with less energy Reiners, W. Elektrowarme A, Mar. 1996, 54, (l), 4-46. (In German) Nine short articles dealing with mechanical domestic ventilation with heat recovery.