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06560 Activated carbon cloth adsorption-cryogenic system to recover toxic volatile organic compounds
14 Heat pumps 9w%s43
Two-step dlstrlci heating and cooling
Stene, J. and Eggen, G. IEA Heat Pump Newsletter, 19%, 14, (l), 23-25.
Discusses conventional district heating and the heat distribution temperature which must be sufficient to meet the hottest heating needed. This requires an ex nsive piping system for transport of hot water, and when heat pump tee E” nology is used it severely limits the achievable efficiency. Argues that a much better way is to deliver the heat in two steps, with heat distributed at a much lower temperature and then upgraded to the temperature required for each application. The UK msrkel for lndustrlal heating 96105544 BSRL4, Old Bra&e11 Whittome, S. and Champion, S. Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 7AH, UK, f375.00 members), Apr. 19w, 66 pp.
Lane West, (members) f450.00 (non-
Presents an introduction to the f45 million market for industrial heaters and a database. Examines the industrial heater market by product typ, giving market sizes by product type and tracking the historical and future development of each product subsegment, analyses the marketing mix by looking at specification patterns, distribution and pricing. Unitary alr condltlonlng 96105545 Brown, V. et al., Hear. Vent. Rev., Jul. 1996, 36, (9), 12-13, 16-24. A series of short features detailing unitary air conditioning in the UK. The use of hydrocarbons for cooling In transport 96106546 Ki Lufr. Kaltetech., Mar. 1996, 32, (3), 107-110. (In Kauffeld, M. German) Discusses the feasibility of using hydrocarbons as refrigerants for cooling transport vehicles. Vapour compresslon systems based on CO, 96106547 Pettersen, J. I&4 Heat Pump Cenfre Newsletter, 1996, 14, (2), 23-25. Describes the characteristics and properties of CO, as a working fluid and as a refrigerant. VII Hermann-Rletschel Colloqulum, Hlrschegg, 96106546 1996 Bach, H. et al., Heir. Luft. Haustech., Jul. 1996, 47, (7), 41-52. (In German) Five short articles on the latest research in Germany on heating and ventilation.
96/06553 How to choose a heat pump system Kubota, S. IEA Heat Pump Centre Newsletter, 1996, 14, (1), 20-22. The aper defines the ‘analytic hierarchy process’, a methodology which can Be used during the design stage of a heating and air conditioning facility to determine the type of heat pump system to use. 90lo5554 Impact of uncertaIntIe on estlmatlons of heat pump cycle performance Hogberg, M. and Vamling, L. Inf. .I. Refrig., Jan. 1996, 19, (I), 34-42. Describes the sensitivity analysis to show how uncertainties in basic factors such as heat transfer, pressure drop, compressor efficiency and thermophysical properties influence the result of heat ump cycle performante estimations. By comparing the results of this ana P* ysis with uncertainty levels of estimations and experimental determinations, establishes to what extent improvements in accuracy are needed. A successful comblnatlon. Cogeneratlon and heat 96lo5555 pumps In Switzerland Either, H. and Weilenmann, J. IEA Heat Pump Centre Newsletter, 1996, 14. (1). 17-19. &&es how the combination of electric heat pumps with cogeneration power plants can produce an energy system with very high efficiency for supplying heat and power. A system is now being developed in Switzerland. where much of the extra Dower demand from newlv installed heat pumps is delivered for fossil-fui! cogeneration plants. ’ A thermodynamic model of a solar asslsted heat 96/06556 pump system with energy storage Comakli, 0. et al., Solar Energy, Jun. 1996, 56, (6), 485-492. In this study, a thermodynamic model of a solar assisted heat pump system with energy storage was developed. The model consists of thermodynamic correlations concerning the fundamental equipment in the system Such as solar collector, energy storage tank, compressor, condenser and evaporator. Some model parameters of the system were calculated by using experiment results obtained from a pilot plant. Unearthlng the facts on ground-source heat pumps 96105557 Rafferty, K. Consul. Specif: Engr., Apr. 1996, 19, (4), 34-42. Discusses the types of ground-source heat pump systems available, and gives a list of factors which must be considered in ground-coupled system design -site characterisation, building loads, loop layout/sizing, piping, pumping design.
15 ENVIRONMENT
14 HEAT PUMPS
Pollution,
Health Protection,
Safety
96106649
Actlvltles and selectlvltles of co per/metal-oxlde catalysts at temperatures relevant to them Pcal heat-pumps based on lsopropanol/acetone lnterconverslons Cunningham, J. er al., Int. J. Energy Research, Sep. 1996, 20, (9),
763-766.
Presents the results concerning the possible suitability of various oxide support copper catal sts for utilization in proposed chemical heat pumps, featuring isopropano r dehydrogenation as a ‘low’ temperature endothermic process coupled with acetone hydrogenation as a higher temperature exothermic process. Evaluatlon of absorption cycles with respect to 96106550 COP and economics Summerer, F. Inf. .I. Refrig., Jan. 1996, 19, (l), 19-24. The paper argues that calculating the performance of absorption heat pump cycles or comparing different types of machine can only be done in a reasonable way by considering the first cost of the machine and especially the cost of the heat exchangers, as their area and particularly the distribution of the area between the respective components of the heat pump determine the coefficient of performance (COP). Therefore it makes sense only to compare machines that are optimised in this respect. Heat pump handbook for the built environment 96106661 Insrirure for rhe Study & Stimularion ofResearch, Netherlands, Report No. 38, 1996, 125 pp. (In Flemish) Reports on the practical knowledge and experience regarding the application of heat pumps in the built environment in the Netherlands. Heat recovev In supercrltlcal fluid extraction pro95iO6532 cess with separation at subcrltlcal pressure Sievers, U. and Eggers, R. Chemical Engineering & Processing, Aug. 1996, 35, (4), 239-246. The process of supercritical CO extraction with separation at a subcritical pressure is used in production p1ants. For the extraction of hops, it requires more energy than the convennonal solid/liquid extraction with methylene chloride. As large low-temperature heat quantities are exchanged in the supercritical fluid extraction process, internal heat exchange by a heatpump cycle is possible. This reduces the energy costs to the order of those for conventional solid/liquid extraction.
456
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November
1996
Absorption of NO In aqueous solutions of Fe”NTA: 96106556 determlnatlon of the equlllbrlum constant Hofele, J. er al, Chemical Engineering&Processing, Aug. 1996, 35, (4),
295-300.
Valid alternatives to the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process for the removal of nitrogen oxides from waste gases (denoxing) may be found in wet scrubbing processes where the low solubihty of NO in aqueous media is enhanced by the application of, chelate complexes. The most widely used complex for this purpose is Fe EDTA (iron ethylenediammetetra-acetic acid). Iron” nitrilotriacetic acid cFe”NTA1might be another candidate with sinular chemical properties as‘Fe”EDTk b;t available industrially at a considerably lower price. For the development of technical processes, a knowledge of the equilibrium data over a range of temperature is of prime importance. Activated carbon adsorption of selected organic 96/05559 compounds from a synthetic oil shale procssslng wastewater Miller, S. er al., Adv. Filtr. Sep. TechnoL, 1995, 9, 451-460. The work described is part of a larger effort at Tennessee Technological University to study the treatability of liquid wastes produced in the extraction of oil from Eastern Oil Shale. 96lO6660
Actlvated
carbon cloth adsorptlon-cryogenic
sys-
tern to recover toxic volatile organic compounds
Lordgooei, M. ef al., Gas Sep. Purif, 1996, 10, (2), 123-130. ?here is an emergent need to reduce the emissions of toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. One strategy to reduce the emissions of VOCs from point sources is to use air pollution control devices on the sources’ discharge streams. The paper describes the development of a new activated carbon cloth adsorption system that is integrated with cryogenie vapour recovery to reduce the amount of VOCs that are recovered. Adsorption of phenol from aqueous systems onto 96105561 spent oil shale Darwish, N. A. et al., Sep. Sci. Technol., 1996, 31, (5), 705-714. Presents a study of Jordanian spent oil shale for the adsorption of phenol from wastewater. Equilibrium of the system was determined at 30, 40 and 55”. The resulting experimental equilibrium isotherms are well represented by Frendlich, Langmuir, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms.
Two-step dlstrlci heating and cooling
Stene, J. and Eggen, G. IEA Heat Pump Newsletter, 19%, 14, (l), 23-25.
Discusses conventional district heating and the heat distribution temperature which must be sufficient to meet the hottest heating needed. This requires an ex nsive piping system for transport of hot water, and when heat pump tee E” nology is used it severely limits the achievable efficiency. Argues that a much better way is to deliver the heat in two steps, with heat distributed at a much lower temperature and then upgraded to the temperature required for each application. The UK msrkel for lndustrlal heating 96105544 BSRL4, Old Bra&e11 Whittome, S. and Champion, S. Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 7AH, UK, f375.00 members), Apr. 19w, 66 pp.
Lane West, (members) f450.00 (non-
Presents an introduction to the f45 million market for industrial heaters and a database. Examines the industrial heater market by product typ, giving market sizes by product type and tracking the historical and future development of each product subsegment, analyses the marketing mix by looking at specification patterns, distribution and pricing. Unitary alr condltlonlng 96105545 Brown, V. et al., Hear. Vent. Rev., Jul. 1996, 36, (9), 12-13, 16-24. A series of short features detailing unitary air conditioning in the UK. The use of hydrocarbons for cooling In transport 96106546 Ki Lufr. Kaltetech., Mar. 1996, 32, (3), 107-110. (In Kauffeld, M. German) Discusses the feasibility of using hydrocarbons as refrigerants for cooling transport vehicles. Vapour compresslon systems based on CO, 96106547 Pettersen, J. I&4 Heat Pump Cenfre Newsletter, 1996, 14, (2), 23-25. Describes the characteristics and properties of CO, as a working fluid and as a refrigerant. VII Hermann-Rletschel Colloqulum, Hlrschegg, 96106546 1996 Bach, H. et al., Heir. Luft. Haustech., Jul. 1996, 47, (7), 41-52. (In German) Five short articles on the latest research in Germany on heating and ventilation.
96/06553 How to choose a heat pump system Kubota, S. IEA Heat Pump Centre Newsletter, 1996, 14, (1), 20-22. The aper defines the ‘analytic hierarchy process’, a methodology which can Be used during the design stage of a heating and air conditioning facility to determine the type of heat pump system to use. 90lo5554 Impact of uncertaIntIe on estlmatlons of heat pump cycle performance Hogberg, M. and Vamling, L. Inf. .I. Refrig., Jan. 1996, 19, (I), 34-42. Describes the sensitivity analysis to show how uncertainties in basic factors such as heat transfer, pressure drop, compressor efficiency and thermophysical properties influence the result of heat ump cycle performante estimations. By comparing the results of this ana P* ysis with uncertainty levels of estimations and experimental determinations, establishes to what extent improvements in accuracy are needed. A successful comblnatlon. Cogeneratlon and heat 96lo5555 pumps In Switzerland Either, H. and Weilenmann, J. IEA Heat Pump Centre Newsletter, 1996, 14. (1). 17-19. &&es how the combination of electric heat pumps with cogeneration power plants can produce an energy system with very high efficiency for supplying heat and power. A system is now being developed in Switzerland. where much of the extra Dower demand from newlv installed heat pumps is delivered for fossil-fui! cogeneration plants. ’ A thermodynamic model of a solar asslsted heat 96/06556 pump system with energy storage Comakli, 0. et al., Solar Energy, Jun. 1996, 56, (6), 485-492. In this study, a thermodynamic model of a solar assisted heat pump system with energy storage was developed. The model consists of thermodynamic correlations concerning the fundamental equipment in the system Such as solar collector, energy storage tank, compressor, condenser and evaporator. Some model parameters of the system were calculated by using experiment results obtained from a pilot plant. Unearthlng the facts on ground-source heat pumps 96105557 Rafferty, K. Consul. Specif: Engr., Apr. 1996, 19, (4), 34-42. Discusses the types of ground-source heat pump systems available, and gives a list of factors which must be considered in ground-coupled system design -site characterisation, building loads, loop layout/sizing, piping, pumping design.
15 ENVIRONMENT
14 HEAT PUMPS
Pollution,
Health Protection,
Safety
96106649
Actlvltles and selectlvltles of co per/metal-oxlde catalysts at temperatures relevant to them Pcal heat-pumps based on lsopropanol/acetone lnterconverslons Cunningham, J. er al., Int. J. Energy Research, Sep. 1996, 20, (9),
763-766.
Presents the results concerning the possible suitability of various oxide support copper catal sts for utilization in proposed chemical heat pumps, featuring isopropano r dehydrogenation as a ‘low’ temperature endothermic process coupled with acetone hydrogenation as a higher temperature exothermic process. Evaluatlon of absorption cycles with respect to 96106550 COP and economics Summerer, F. Inf. .I. Refrig., Jan. 1996, 19, (l), 19-24. The paper argues that calculating the performance of absorption heat pump cycles or comparing different types of machine can only be done in a reasonable way by considering the first cost of the machine and especially the cost of the heat exchangers, as their area and particularly the distribution of the area between the respective components of the heat pump determine the coefficient of performance (COP). Therefore it makes sense only to compare machines that are optimised in this respect. Heat pump handbook for the built environment 96106661 Insrirure for rhe Study & Stimularion ofResearch, Netherlands, Report No. 38, 1996, 125 pp. (In Flemish) Reports on the practical knowledge and experience regarding the application of heat pumps in the built environment in the Netherlands. Heat recovev In supercrltlcal fluid extraction pro95iO6532 cess with separation at subcrltlcal pressure Sievers, U. and Eggers, R. Chemical Engineering & Processing, Aug. 1996, 35, (4), 239-246. The process of supercritical CO extraction with separation at a subcritical pressure is used in production p1ants. For the extraction of hops, it requires more energy than the convennonal solid/liquid extraction with methylene chloride. As large low-temperature heat quantities are exchanged in the supercritical fluid extraction process, internal heat exchange by a heatpump cycle is possible. This reduces the energy costs to the order of those for conventional solid/liquid extraction.
456
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November
1996
Absorption of NO In aqueous solutions of Fe”NTA: 96106556 determlnatlon of the equlllbrlum constant Hofele, J. er al, Chemical Engineering&Processing, Aug. 1996, 35, (4),
295-300.
Valid alternatives to the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process for the removal of nitrogen oxides from waste gases (denoxing) may be found in wet scrubbing processes where the low solubihty of NO in aqueous media is enhanced by the application of, chelate complexes. The most widely used complex for this purpose is Fe EDTA (iron ethylenediammetetra-acetic acid). Iron” nitrilotriacetic acid cFe”NTA1might be another candidate with sinular chemical properties as‘Fe”EDTk b;t available industrially at a considerably lower price. For the development of technical processes, a knowledge of the equilibrium data over a range of temperature is of prime importance. Activated carbon adsorption of selected organic 96/05559 compounds from a synthetic oil shale procssslng wastewater Miller, S. er al., Adv. Filtr. Sep. TechnoL, 1995, 9, 451-460. The work described is part of a larger effort at Tennessee Technological University to study the treatability of liquid wastes produced in the extraction of oil from Eastern Oil Shale. 96lO6660
Actlvated
carbon cloth adsorptlon-cryogenic
sys-
tern to recover toxic volatile organic compounds
Lordgooei, M. ef al., Gas Sep. Purif, 1996, 10, (2), 123-130. ?here is an emergent need to reduce the emissions of toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. One strategy to reduce the emissions of VOCs from point sources is to use air pollution control devices on the sources’ discharge streams. The paper describes the development of a new activated carbon cloth adsorption system that is integrated with cryogenie vapour recovery to reduce the amount of VOCs that are recovered. Adsorption of phenol from aqueous systems onto 96105561 spent oil shale Darwish, N. A. et al., Sep. Sci. Technol., 1996, 31, (5), 705-714. Presents a study of Jordanian spent oil shale for the adsorption of phenol from wastewater. Equilibrium of the system was determined at 30, 40 and 55”. The resulting experimental equilibrium isotherms are well represented by Frendlich, Langmuir, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms.