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06784 Thermodynamic properties of ideal gas air
16
Fuel science and technology (fundamental
Molecular orbital atudv on Intoractlonr between nlirogrn functlonal groupa and O,, k0 molrculra Ninomiva. Y. et al.. Coal Sci. Technol.. 1995. 24. 747-750. In orde; td study correlations between the ‘fractional &version of N to NO and N,O and the N functionalitv in the coal/char. calculations were made of thebondin interactions of g functional grouds and 0,, NO molecules using MOPA 8 93. It is a general-purpose semiempirical MO package for the study of solid state and molecular structures and reactions.
90/00787
A new method for the determlnatlon of combuatlblr 98106788 sulfur In coal Uzun, D. er al., Turk J. Chem., 1995, 19, (4), 258-262. Describes a method which involves calculation of combustible sulphur as the difference between total sulphur in coal and total sulphur in coal ash. Phase ralatlonahlpa In coal ash corroalon products Kalmanovitch, D. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2), 652-656. In relation to corrosion of heat transfer surfaces in coal-fired utility boilers, the paper describes research into the formation of molten or semimolten bases within ash deposits which are associated with corrosion of super! eater and reheater fireside surfaces.
90lo0769
Radlolaotopr X-r8 fluorescence analyala of some 98/06770 rlsmonta In fly ash of Afaln-El i latan power plants Ertunrul. M. et al., J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1996. 203, (1). 119-123. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique.was used f&‘&e determination of As, Sr, MO, Ba, In and Ce in fly ash from the Afsin-Elbistan power plants in Turkey using the standard addition method. Rapld analysis of coal ash compoaltlon by radloIsotope X-ray fluorracrnca apectrometry Suarez-Femandez, G. P. et al., Coal Sci. TechnoL, 1995, 24, 147-150. Some major and minor elements and oxides were determined in coal and coal ash compositions by radioisoto e X-ray fluorescence spectromery, with a proportional counter detector. b ased on comparisons with standard X-ray fluorescence methods, the results were statistically accurate for the analysis of SiO,, Al,0 , Fe,O,, CaO, and MnO in ashes and for the analysis of SiO,, Al,O,, K&l and A1,03, K,O, and Mn in coal samples had the lowest precision.
96lO6771
Reactlon analyala for hydrotreatment of coalderived llquld by GWMS-chromatoarams Sugimoto, i’. and-Miki, Y. Nippon Eierugi Gakkaishi, 1996, 75, (2), 99-102. (In Japanese) Coal liquefaction solvents before and after hydrotreatment were analyed by a capillary GUMS, and the conversions of some lar compounds were determined by comparing the corresponding sing p”. e ion chromatograms. The conversion of the Dolar fraction was estimated bv the conversion of the individual polar comp&nd obtained above. ’
96lQ6772
Raactlvlty of the allphatlc humlc moiety In analytlcal pyrolyala Saiz-Jimenez, C. Org. Geochem., 1995, 23, (lo), 955-961. Humic acid from a podzol soil was subjected to conventional flash pyrolysis and pyrolysis/methylation in the presence or absence of elemental sulphur. In conventional pyrolysis, fatty and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids decarboxylate were formed. In addition, cyclization and aromatization reactions of aliphatic chains lead to the formation of alkylbenzens, indenes, naphthalnes, etc.
98lQ6773
science, analysis, instrumentation)
Second law analyala of convectlva heat tranafrr In flow through a duct wlth heat flux as a function of duct length Gerdov, G. Inc. J. WAC&R Res., ASHRAE, Apr. 1996, 2, (2), 149-157. Reports a Second Law analysis undertaken to minim& entropy generation and therefore lost available work for convective heat transfer in flow through a duct with heat flux as a function of the duct length.
98lo0776
98108777
Simulation of vortex sheddlng past a aquarr cyllndar near a wall g7yii5G. and Rodi, W. Int. J. Heat & Fluid Flow, Jun. 1996, 17, (3),
Calculations are reported for the flow past a square cylinder at Re=22 000 placed at various distances from an adjacent wall, including the limiting case without wall influence. Exneriments have indicated that unsteadv vortex shedding is suppressed wheh the wall is relatively close to the cylinder. Two-dimensional unsteady equations are solved which allow any periodic shedding motion to be resolverl; the superim sed turbulent flbciuations are simulated with two versions of the k-e turr ulence model: the standard k-e model and the modification attributable to Kato and Launder (1993), which eliminates the excessive turbulent kinetic energy production in stagnation regions produced by the standard model. Spanwlsa vortlclty structure In turbulent boundary Kkwicki, J. C. and Falco, R. E. Int. J. Heat & Fluid Flow, Aug. 1996, 17, 14’1.363-376. Four-element hot-wire probe measurements are used to examine the structure of the spanwise vorticity in the inner region of low Reynolds number zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers. 98106779 Ststlstlcal analysla of physlcochemlcal properties of monollths solidified from a munlclpal Incinerator fly ash Yang, G. C. and Chen, S. Y. J. Hazard. Mater., 1996, 45, (2), 149-173. Analvsis of variance and renular analvsis were used for the determination of c&trolling parameters an> their c&responding response values of various physicochemical properties of solidified monoliths of a municipal incinerator fly ash are discussed. 98lQ8700 Structural composltlon of coal tar pltchea by %NMR Blanco, C. G. et al., Coal Sci. Techno& 1995, 24, 961-964. The aim of this work is to fine-tune the C-NMR spectroscopy for pitches and to obtain the necessary parameters to perform a good structural characterization of these materials. 98lO6701 Structural dependence of CH bond adsorptivltles and consequences for FT-l.r. analysis of coal Cerny, J. Fuel, Sep. 1996, 75, (ll), 1301-1306. Nine liquid products from processing of high- and low-rank coals, oil shale and crude oil were analysed by quantitative FT-i.r. spectroscopy to understand the effect of sample structure on the absorptivities for aliphatic and aromatic CH bonds. Variation in the structure of samples was additionally enlarged by comprehensive fractionation of the products by liquid chromatography. n.m.r. spectroscopy was used as a reference analytical tool for the determination of the absorptivities. 98108702
Study of coking deactlvatlon of mordenlta zeollta
Zhu, Z. er al., Cuihua Xuebao, 1996, 17, (l), 40-44. (In Chinese)
The molecular nature of coke deposited on Pd/H-Mordenite was studied by gas chromatography-MS, ‘H NMR and elemental analysis, and the changes in character of the coked catalysts were studied by FT-IR, temperatureprogrammed desorption, temperature-programmed oxidation, BET and evaluation of catalytic activity. TGIMS study of organic compounds evolved durIng the co-flrlng of coal and refuse derived fuels Purushothama. S. et al.. Preor. Pao.-Am. Chem. Sot.. Div. Fuel Chem.. 1996, 41, (1);56-61. ’ ‘ ‘ Thermogravimetry/FTlR/mass spectrometry system was used to identify molecular Cl, furan, phenol, and other aromatic compounds, along with HCl. CO. CO, and H,O in the easeous oroducts of the combustion of coal, PV6 resin, newspap&, and cefiulose ii air.
98108774
96/06783
A Reynolds stress closure dealgned for complex geometrlaa Craft, T. J. and Launder, B. E. Inr. J. Hear & Fluid Flow, Jun. 1996, 17, (3), 245-254. The paper describes steps in the development of a low Reynolds number second-moment closure for general flow geometries. This requirement means that the model cannot contain geometry-specific quantities, such as the wall-normal vector or wall distance. In their place, invariant dimensionless ‘gradient indicators’ are introduced.
Thermodynamic properties of Ideal gas alr 98108704 Park, Y. and Sonntag, R. E. Int. J. Energy Research, Sep. 1996, 20, (9), 771.785. The thermodynamic properties of ideal gas air at low pressure (0.1 MPa) are newly calculated, using the most recent spectroscopic data for its components. The components are the ‘ideal air’ are nitrogen, oxygen and argon, with appropriate volume fractions. The thermodynamic properties of the components are computed by means of statistical thermodynamics using the molecular, physical and spectroscopic data in the new set of Joint Army-Navy-Air Force (JANAF) tables. Therefore, the resulting air table is thermodynamically consistent with the JANAF tables. The reference temperature of enthalpy and entropy is zero degrees kelvin and the reference pressure is 0.1 MPa. The temperature range of the table is 100-4000 K, which covers most engineering interests.
A revlew of empirical flame lmplngemant heat transfer correlatlona Baukal, C. E. and Gebhart, B. Int. J. Hear & Fluid Flow, Aug. 1996, 17, (4), 386-396. Impinging flames are used in industrial heating and melting, safety research, and aerospace applications. Multiple modes of heat transfer are commonly important in those processes. However, the detailed heat transfer mechanisms are not well understood. The available semianalytical heat transfer solutions have only limited applicability. Therefore, researchers and designers have either made measurements or used empirical correlations to determine the heat flux rates. The paper reviews the empirical correlations. 98lO6775
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1999 471
Fuel science and technology (fundamental
Molecular orbital atudv on Intoractlonr between nlirogrn functlonal groupa and O,, k0 molrculra Ninomiva. Y. et al.. Coal Sci. Technol.. 1995. 24. 747-750. In orde; td study correlations between the ‘fractional &version of N to NO and N,O and the N functionalitv in the coal/char. calculations were made of thebondin interactions of g functional grouds and 0,, NO molecules using MOPA 8 93. It is a general-purpose semiempirical MO package for the study of solid state and molecular structures and reactions.
90/00787
A new method for the determlnatlon of combuatlblr 98106788 sulfur In coal Uzun, D. er al., Turk J. Chem., 1995, 19, (4), 258-262. Describes a method which involves calculation of combustible sulphur as the difference between total sulphur in coal and total sulphur in coal ash. Phase ralatlonahlpa In coal ash corroalon products Kalmanovitch, D. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (2), 652-656. In relation to corrosion of heat transfer surfaces in coal-fired utility boilers, the paper describes research into the formation of molten or semimolten bases within ash deposits which are associated with corrosion of super! eater and reheater fireside surfaces.
90lo0769
Radlolaotopr X-r8 fluorescence analyala of some 98/06770 rlsmonta In fly ash of Afaln-El i latan power plants Ertunrul. M. et al., J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1996. 203, (1). 119-123. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique.was used f&‘&e determination of As, Sr, MO, Ba, In and Ce in fly ash from the Afsin-Elbistan power plants in Turkey using the standard addition method. Rapld analysis of coal ash compoaltlon by radloIsotope X-ray fluorracrnca apectrometry Suarez-Femandez, G. P. et al., Coal Sci. TechnoL, 1995, 24, 147-150. Some major and minor elements and oxides were determined in coal and coal ash compositions by radioisoto e X-ray fluorescence spectromery, with a proportional counter detector. b ased on comparisons with standard X-ray fluorescence methods, the results were statistically accurate for the analysis of SiO,, Al,0 , Fe,O,, CaO, and MnO in ashes and for the analysis of SiO,, Al,O,, K&l and A1,03, K,O, and Mn in coal samples had the lowest precision.
96lO6771
Reactlon analyala for hydrotreatment of coalderived llquld by GWMS-chromatoarams Sugimoto, i’. and-Miki, Y. Nippon Eierugi Gakkaishi, 1996, 75, (2), 99-102. (In Japanese) Coal liquefaction solvents before and after hydrotreatment were analyed by a capillary GUMS, and the conversions of some lar compounds were determined by comparing the corresponding sing p”. e ion chromatograms. The conversion of the Dolar fraction was estimated bv the conversion of the individual polar comp&nd obtained above. ’
96lQ6772
Raactlvlty of the allphatlc humlc moiety In analytlcal pyrolyala Saiz-Jimenez, C. Org. Geochem., 1995, 23, (lo), 955-961. Humic acid from a podzol soil was subjected to conventional flash pyrolysis and pyrolysis/methylation in the presence or absence of elemental sulphur. In conventional pyrolysis, fatty and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids decarboxylate were formed. In addition, cyclization and aromatization reactions of aliphatic chains lead to the formation of alkylbenzens, indenes, naphthalnes, etc.
98lQ6773
science, analysis, instrumentation)
Second law analyala of convectlva heat tranafrr In flow through a duct wlth heat flux as a function of duct length Gerdov, G. Inc. J. WAC&R Res., ASHRAE, Apr. 1996, 2, (2), 149-157. Reports a Second Law analysis undertaken to minim& entropy generation and therefore lost available work for convective heat transfer in flow through a duct with heat flux as a function of the duct length.
98lo0776
98108777
Simulation of vortex sheddlng past a aquarr cyllndar near a wall g7yii5G. and Rodi, W. Int. J. Heat & Fluid Flow, Jun. 1996, 17, (3),
Calculations are reported for the flow past a square cylinder at Re=22 000 placed at various distances from an adjacent wall, including the limiting case without wall influence. Exneriments have indicated that unsteadv vortex shedding is suppressed wheh the wall is relatively close to the cylinder. Two-dimensional unsteady equations are solved which allow any periodic shedding motion to be resolverl; the superim sed turbulent flbciuations are simulated with two versions of the k-e turr ulence model: the standard k-e model and the modification attributable to Kato and Launder (1993), which eliminates the excessive turbulent kinetic energy production in stagnation regions produced by the standard model. Spanwlsa vortlclty structure In turbulent boundary Kkwicki, J. C. and Falco, R. E. Int. J. Heat & Fluid Flow, Aug. 1996, 17, 14’1.363-376. Four-element hot-wire probe measurements are used to examine the structure of the spanwise vorticity in the inner region of low Reynolds number zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers. 98106779 Ststlstlcal analysla of physlcochemlcal properties of monollths solidified from a munlclpal Incinerator fly ash Yang, G. C. and Chen, S. Y. J. Hazard. Mater., 1996, 45, (2), 149-173. Analvsis of variance and renular analvsis were used for the determination of c&trolling parameters an> their c&responding response values of various physicochemical properties of solidified monoliths of a municipal incinerator fly ash are discussed. 98lQ8700 Structural composltlon of coal tar pltchea by %NMR Blanco, C. G. et al., Coal Sci. Techno& 1995, 24, 961-964. The aim of this work is to fine-tune the C-NMR spectroscopy for pitches and to obtain the necessary parameters to perform a good structural characterization of these materials. 98lO6701 Structural dependence of CH bond adsorptivltles and consequences for FT-l.r. analysis of coal Cerny, J. Fuel, Sep. 1996, 75, (ll), 1301-1306. Nine liquid products from processing of high- and low-rank coals, oil shale and crude oil were analysed by quantitative FT-i.r. spectroscopy to understand the effect of sample structure on the absorptivities for aliphatic and aromatic CH bonds. Variation in the structure of samples was additionally enlarged by comprehensive fractionation of the products by liquid chromatography. n.m.r. spectroscopy was used as a reference analytical tool for the determination of the absorptivities. 98108702
Study of coking deactlvatlon of mordenlta zeollta
Zhu, Z. er al., Cuihua Xuebao, 1996, 17, (l), 40-44. (In Chinese)
The molecular nature of coke deposited on Pd/H-Mordenite was studied by gas chromatography-MS, ‘H NMR and elemental analysis, and the changes in character of the coked catalysts were studied by FT-IR, temperatureprogrammed desorption, temperature-programmed oxidation, BET and evaluation of catalytic activity. TGIMS study of organic compounds evolved durIng the co-flrlng of coal and refuse derived fuels Purushothama. S. et al.. Preor. Pao.-Am. Chem. Sot.. Div. Fuel Chem.. 1996, 41, (1);56-61. ’ ‘ ‘ Thermogravimetry/FTlR/mass spectrometry system was used to identify molecular Cl, furan, phenol, and other aromatic compounds, along with HCl. CO. CO, and H,O in the easeous oroducts of the combustion of coal, PV6 resin, newspap&, and cefiulose ii air.
98108774
96/06783
A Reynolds stress closure dealgned for complex geometrlaa Craft, T. J. and Launder, B. E. Inr. J. Hear & Fluid Flow, Jun. 1996, 17, (3), 245-254. The paper describes steps in the development of a low Reynolds number second-moment closure for general flow geometries. This requirement means that the model cannot contain geometry-specific quantities, such as the wall-normal vector or wall distance. In their place, invariant dimensionless ‘gradient indicators’ are introduced.
Thermodynamic properties of Ideal gas alr 98108704 Park, Y. and Sonntag, R. E. Int. J. Energy Research, Sep. 1996, 20, (9), 771.785. The thermodynamic properties of ideal gas air at low pressure (0.1 MPa) are newly calculated, using the most recent spectroscopic data for its components. The components are the ‘ideal air’ are nitrogen, oxygen and argon, with appropriate volume fractions. The thermodynamic properties of the components are computed by means of statistical thermodynamics using the molecular, physical and spectroscopic data in the new set of Joint Army-Navy-Air Force (JANAF) tables. Therefore, the resulting air table is thermodynamically consistent with the JANAF tables. The reference temperature of enthalpy and entropy is zero degrees kelvin and the reference pressure is 0.1 MPa. The temperature range of the table is 100-4000 K, which covers most engineering interests.
A revlew of empirical flame lmplngemant heat transfer correlatlona Baukal, C. E. and Gebhart, B. Int. J. Hear & Fluid Flow, Aug. 1996, 17, (4), 386-396. Impinging flames are used in industrial heating and melting, safety research, and aerospace applications. Multiple modes of heat transfer are commonly important in those processes. However, the detailed heat transfer mechanisms are not well understood. The available semianalytical heat transfer solutions have only limited applicability. Therefore, researchers and designers have either made measurements or used empirical correlations to determine the heat flux rates. The paper reviews the empirical correlations. 98lO6775
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1999 471