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00097 Significant factors affecting devolatilization of fragmenting, non-swelling coals in fluidized bed combustion
01
Solid
fuels (transport, storage)
Relationship between fusibility 97100094 chemical composition of coal ashes
and
mineral
and
Vassilev, S. er al., D&l. &r/g. Akud. Nauk, 199.5, 48, (7), 51-54. This paper explores relations between fusibility and mineral/chemical composition of coals and coal ashes from a wide variety of deposits.
Rare earth element-bearing 97lOOO95 Far East deposits
Separation of hydrophilic-hydrophobic 97100096 using a column with suspended air bubbles
particles
Ueyama, K. and Matsukata, M.. Kagclku Kogaktr. 1996, 60, (X), 557-559. (In Japanese) Column flotation mechanisms and applications in deinking of used papers, dashing and desulfurization of coal, etc. are discussed in this article with nine references.
fragmenting,
Significant factors affectilg non-swelling coals in fluidized
devolatilization bed combustion
of
Sasongko, D. and Stuhington. J. F., C/rem. Eng. sci., 1996, 5 I ) (16).39093918. A theoretical study to identify variables having a statistically significant effect on the devolatilization of fragmenting coals. To achieve this objective, a simple mathematical model has been developed for prediction of the devolatilization time of fragmenting coals and the numher of fragmentations during devolatilization in conditions relevant to fluidized bed combustion. The model has been used for a factorial evaluation to determine significant variables affecting the devolatilization time and number of fragmentations. Results of the factorial evaluation show that for both responses, the devolatilization of l-20 mm diameter coal particles at 1023-1223 K is predominantly governed by coal particle diameter. The devolatilization time is also significantly affected by coal thermal properties, and less significantly by bed temperature and reaction rate of devolatilization. In addition to coal particle diameter, the number of fragmentations is significantly affected by variables related to volatiles transport to the coal particle surface, i.e. the diameter of coal convective pores and the viscosity of volatiles.
97/00098
Solubilization
of lignite with super acid
Shimizu, K. er al.. Sekitan KagakakuKaigi Happyo Ronh(inshn, 1993, 30, 23% 23h. (In Japanese) This paper studies the results of lignite solubilization with super acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-isopentane through ionic reaction under mild conditions (150°C) without hydrogen. The soluhility of the treated coal was examined in terms of TFMS concentrations, chemtcal structure and oxygen containing functional groups, by comparing them to those for treated coal from Taiheiyo.
Solubilization 97100099 by the aid of HF/BF3
of Taiheiyo
coal at mild conditions
Shimizu, K. e/ ul., Sekitm Kagaku Ku&i Happyo Ronh:n.shn, 1994, 31, 249252. (In Japanese) Presents the results of a study into the solubilization of coal in a HF/BF,toluene system via an ionic reaction. This reaction was carried out at low temperature (50-150°C) without hydrogen in order to evaluate HFIBF? as an acid catalyst for coal solubilization with aromatic compounds.
Solubilization 97/00100 by the aid of super acid
of Taiheiyo
Structure
and reaction
Study of coal treatment
with supercritical
water
Sasaki, A. et al., Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronlmnshu, 1993, 30, 229232. (In Japanese) The study investigates the effects of supercritical water on coal properties. Coal was extracted with supercritical water using a semi-hutch reactor at various temperatures and pressures. The results showed that carboxyl groups in coal decreased in supercritical water condition.
8
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
and sulfur
97/00104 of coal
Study on supercritical
compressed-gas
extraction
Zhao, Z. et al., Meirun Zhuanhua, 1996, 19, (1) X8-96. (In Chinese) This review contains 41 references on the supercritical compressed-gas extraction of coal, looking specifically at: (I) solvent system for the supercritical extraction. (2) supercritical extraction of coal under the hydrogenation and the catalysis, (3) dynamics of the supercritical extraction, (4) structure analysis for products ohtaincd by the supercritical extraction. and (5) main factors influencing the supercritical extraction of coal.
97/00105 Water adsorption and small angle X-ray scattering studies on the effect of coal thermal treatment Mitropoulos, A. Ch. et al., Curbo,t, 1996, 34, (h), 775-781. The paper examines the effect of thermal treatment, at a relatively high temperature (- 34O’C), on two high-volatile bituminous coals. The results were obtained by water adsorption and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). They suggest that the mesopore structure in both samples undergoes a partial collapse. Furthermore, a.strong hydrophobic effect, at the very early stages of the adsorption process, is noted for only one of them. This observation is attrihuted to differences in the rigidity of each of the structures. Analysis of the spectra in terms of fractal geometry is also performed. It is proposed that thermal treatment changes the coal matrixes from a diluted to dense configuration. Heating causes a breakage of some oxygen and sulfur bridges giving rise to these structure alterations.
Transport,
97/00106 coal during
Storage
Conservation of technological hydraulic transport
properties
of coking
Beletskii, V. S. and Khelufi, A., Koks K&n. 1996. (4) 9-10. (In Russian) This review, with six references, discusses the effect of long distance hydraulic transport of coal on its coking properties, causes and methods for mmimizing the effect.
97/00107 Re-engineering strategies in the automation of industrial transport, inventory and process new low-cost ways to safely ship, store and convey bulk materials Barnes, M., Proc. Am. Power Conf., 1996, 58, (I), 331-336. A discussion, in two parts, of an integrated systematic approach to transport, inventory and processing of production materials, process chemicals. and bulk commodities. The 1st system integrates the transport, inventory and processing of pure sulfur in the production of SO? for flue gas conditioning. The 2nd system provides for a radical, yet, sample redesign for the automated, physical receipt, storage and use of coal inventories.
Economics,
97/00108
Bulgarian
Business,
Marketing,
Policy
coal
Grimmelt. J. et al., Mining Mug., Oct. lOOh, 175, (4) 220. This review of the Bulgarian coal industry examines examples of some of the problems being encountered and looks at some possible solutions.
of coal
Sanada, Y.. Sekitm Kugnku Kcrigi Happyo RonhuA.rhu, 1994. 31, 2-3. (In Japanese) The research areas in this paper cover 40 years of research and examine: coal as a molecular solid, carbonization, liquefaction of coal, carbonaceous mesophase and carbons from pitch and heavy oil.
97/00102
nitrogen
Xu, X. and Zhang. P. cf al., Meiran Zhuarthua, 1996, 19, (I). 72-77. (In Chinese) Examines the oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur functionalities of three samples detached by XPS.
coal at mild conditions
Shimizu, K., Sekiran Kagaku Kaigi Hupp_yo Ronhumhu, 1993, 30, 3-h. (In Japanese) Presents the results of a study of the solubilization of coal using a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-pentane system at low temperature (150°C) without Hz(g). The reaction proceeded via an ionic reaction.
97/00101
Study on the forms of oxygen, in gas coal
coals from the Russian
Seredin, V. V., Inr. 1. Coul Geol., 1996, 30, (l-2), 10-129. This paper investigates coal seams of up to 10 m in thickness with high rare earth element (REE) concentrations (300-1000 ppm) detected in some of the Russian Far East deposits.
97100097
97/00103 elements
January 1997
97/00109 remedies
Coal industry
in India present status, problems
and
Varma. S. P. and Bhoopathy, P. V., Miner. Process.: Recent Arha. Futwe Trends, Proc. Conf., 1995, 597-hlS. Edited by Mehrotra, S. P.; Shekhar, Rajiv., Allied Publishers: New Delhi, India. A review which addresses: coal reserves, demand, industry, mining technology, transportation, beneficiation, clean coal technology (adoption for high ash coal), and environmental and investment needs.
97/00110 Coal: RTZ-CRA positions for growth Mining JnI, IS Nov. 1996, 327, (8404) 403. A report discussing RTZ-CRA’s annual presentation where lighted their coal interests.
they high
Solid
fuels (transport, storage)
Relationship between fusibility 97100094 chemical composition of coal ashes
and
mineral
and
Vassilev, S. er al., D&l. &r/g. Akud. Nauk, 199.5, 48, (7), 51-54. This paper explores relations between fusibility and mineral/chemical composition of coals and coal ashes from a wide variety of deposits.
Rare earth element-bearing 97lOOO95 Far East deposits
Separation of hydrophilic-hydrophobic 97100096 using a column with suspended air bubbles
particles
Ueyama, K. and Matsukata, M.. Kagclku Kogaktr. 1996, 60, (X), 557-559. (In Japanese) Column flotation mechanisms and applications in deinking of used papers, dashing and desulfurization of coal, etc. are discussed in this article with nine references.
fragmenting,
Significant factors affectilg non-swelling coals in fluidized
devolatilization bed combustion
of
Sasongko, D. and Stuhington. J. F., C/rem. Eng. sci., 1996, 5 I ) (16).39093918. A theoretical study to identify variables having a statistically significant effect on the devolatilization of fragmenting coals. To achieve this objective, a simple mathematical model has been developed for prediction of the devolatilization time of fragmenting coals and the numher of fragmentations during devolatilization in conditions relevant to fluidized bed combustion. The model has been used for a factorial evaluation to determine significant variables affecting the devolatilization time and number of fragmentations. Results of the factorial evaluation show that for both responses, the devolatilization of l-20 mm diameter coal particles at 1023-1223 K is predominantly governed by coal particle diameter. The devolatilization time is also significantly affected by coal thermal properties, and less significantly by bed temperature and reaction rate of devolatilization. In addition to coal particle diameter, the number of fragmentations is significantly affected by variables related to volatiles transport to the coal particle surface, i.e. the diameter of coal convective pores and the viscosity of volatiles.
97/00098
Solubilization
of lignite with super acid
Shimizu, K. er al.. Sekitan KagakakuKaigi Happyo Ronh(inshn, 1993, 30, 23% 23h. (In Japanese) This paper studies the results of lignite solubilization with super acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-isopentane through ionic reaction under mild conditions (150°C) without hydrogen. The soluhility of the treated coal was examined in terms of TFMS concentrations, chemtcal structure and oxygen containing functional groups, by comparing them to those for treated coal from Taiheiyo.
Solubilization 97100099 by the aid of HF/BF3
of Taiheiyo
coal at mild conditions
Shimizu, K. e/ ul., Sekitm Kagaku Ku&i Happyo Ronh:n.shn, 1994, 31, 249252. (In Japanese) Presents the results of a study into the solubilization of coal in a HF/BF,toluene system via an ionic reaction. This reaction was carried out at low temperature (50-150°C) without hydrogen in order to evaluate HFIBF? as an acid catalyst for coal solubilization with aromatic compounds.
Solubilization 97/00100 by the aid of super acid
of Taiheiyo
Structure
and reaction
Study of coal treatment
with supercritical
water
Sasaki, A. et al., Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronlmnshu, 1993, 30, 229232. (In Japanese) The study investigates the effects of supercritical water on coal properties. Coal was extracted with supercritical water using a semi-hutch reactor at various temperatures and pressures. The results showed that carboxyl groups in coal decreased in supercritical water condition.
8
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
and sulfur
97/00104 of coal
Study on supercritical
compressed-gas
extraction
Zhao, Z. et al., Meirun Zhuanhua, 1996, 19, (1) X8-96. (In Chinese) This review contains 41 references on the supercritical compressed-gas extraction of coal, looking specifically at: (I) solvent system for the supercritical extraction. (2) supercritical extraction of coal under the hydrogenation and the catalysis, (3) dynamics of the supercritical extraction, (4) structure analysis for products ohtaincd by the supercritical extraction. and (5) main factors influencing the supercritical extraction of coal.
97/00105 Water adsorption and small angle X-ray scattering studies on the effect of coal thermal treatment Mitropoulos, A. Ch. et al., Curbo,t, 1996, 34, (h), 775-781. The paper examines the effect of thermal treatment, at a relatively high temperature (- 34O’C), on two high-volatile bituminous coals. The results were obtained by water adsorption and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). They suggest that the mesopore structure in both samples undergoes a partial collapse. Furthermore, a.strong hydrophobic effect, at the very early stages of the adsorption process, is noted for only one of them. This observation is attrihuted to differences in the rigidity of each of the structures. Analysis of the spectra in terms of fractal geometry is also performed. It is proposed that thermal treatment changes the coal matrixes from a diluted to dense configuration. Heating causes a breakage of some oxygen and sulfur bridges giving rise to these structure alterations.
Transport,
97/00106 coal during
Storage
Conservation of technological hydraulic transport
properties
of coking
Beletskii, V. S. and Khelufi, A., Koks K&n. 1996. (4) 9-10. (In Russian) This review, with six references, discusses the effect of long distance hydraulic transport of coal on its coking properties, causes and methods for mmimizing the effect.
97/00107 Re-engineering strategies in the automation of industrial transport, inventory and process new low-cost ways to safely ship, store and convey bulk materials Barnes, M., Proc. Am. Power Conf., 1996, 58, (I), 331-336. A discussion, in two parts, of an integrated systematic approach to transport, inventory and processing of production materials, process chemicals. and bulk commodities. The 1st system integrates the transport, inventory and processing of pure sulfur in the production of SO? for flue gas conditioning. The 2nd system provides for a radical, yet, sample redesign for the automated, physical receipt, storage and use of coal inventories.
Economics,
97/00108
Bulgarian
Business,
Marketing,
Policy
coal
Grimmelt. J. et al., Mining Mug., Oct. lOOh, 175, (4) 220. This review of the Bulgarian coal industry examines examples of some of the problems being encountered and looks at some possible solutions.
of coal
Sanada, Y.. Sekitm Kugnku Kcrigi Happyo RonhuA.rhu, 1994. 31, 2-3. (In Japanese) The research areas in this paper cover 40 years of research and examine: coal as a molecular solid, carbonization, liquefaction of coal, carbonaceous mesophase and carbons from pitch and heavy oil.
97/00102
nitrogen
Xu, X. and Zhang. P. cf al., Meiran Zhuarthua, 1996, 19, (I). 72-77. (In Chinese) Examines the oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur functionalities of three samples detached by XPS.
coal at mild conditions
Shimizu, K., Sekiran Kagaku Kaigi Hupp_yo Ronhumhu, 1993, 30, 3-h. (In Japanese) Presents the results of a study of the solubilization of coal using a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-pentane system at low temperature (150°C) without Hz(g). The reaction proceeded via an ionic reaction.
97/00101
Study on the forms of oxygen, in gas coal
coals from the Russian
Seredin, V. V., Inr. 1. Coul Geol., 1996, 30, (l-2), 10-129. This paper investigates coal seams of up to 10 m in thickness with high rare earth element (REE) concentrations (300-1000 ppm) detected in some of the Russian Far East deposits.
97100097
97/00103 elements
January 1997
97/00109 remedies
Coal industry
in India present status, problems
and
Varma. S. P. and Bhoopathy, P. V., Miner. Process.: Recent Arha. Futwe Trends, Proc. Conf., 1995, 597-hlS. Edited by Mehrotra, S. P.; Shekhar, Rajiv., Allied Publishers: New Delhi, India. A review which addresses: coal reserves, demand, industry, mining technology, transportation, beneficiation, clean coal technology (adoption for high ash coal), and environmental and investment needs.
97/00110 Coal: RTZ-CRA positions for growth Mining JnI, IS Nov. 1996, 327, (8404) 403. A report discussing RTZ-CRA’s annual presentation where lighted their coal interests.
they high