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00259 Studies on brown coal liquefaction. (19). Effect of iron catalyst properties on liquefaction activity
02
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
Selectivity to olefins of Fe/Si02-MgO 97/00245 the Fischer-Tropsch reaction Gallegos, N. G. CI al., J. Cutal., 1996, IhI, (I), 132-142.
catalysts
in
Catalysts containing 5 wt% MgO on SiOZ were prepared for use in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. Selective chemisorption of CO. volumetric oxididation and Moessbauer spectroscopy were used to characterized the type of iron species and the metallic crystal sizes. MgO covers the SiOZ surface and modifies the metallic crystal size. The activity to total hydrocarbons increases with the amount of MgO added. An optimal concentration of ahout 4% (wtiwt) was found to have the highest selectivity to olefins.
Separation of Fischer-Tropsch 97100246 tures using dense-gas and liquid extraction
catalyst/wax
mix-
White, C. M. et al., Enera Fuel,~, 1996, IO, (5), 1067-1073. This paper describes a catalyst/wax separation technique based on densegas and/or liquid extraction of the soluble hydrocarbon components from the insoluble inorganic catalyst particles. The separation by extraction can also he performed in conjunction with magnetic separation of iron catalyst particles.
Solubilities and mass transfer coefficients drogen and carbon monoxide in various organic liquids 97100247
of hy-
Bai, L. et al., Hlraxue Fanying Gongcheng Yu Gongyi. 1996, 12, (2), l89195. (In Chinese) Describes how equilibria gas solubilities (C*) and volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficients (k,.a) were measured for hydrogen and carbon monoxide in n-paraffin, n-octacosane and FT300-wax at various pressures (1.0-4.0 MPa). temperatures (373-573 K), and 800 rimin stirrer speed in a I-L agitated autoclave. In the range of operating conditions investigated, the C* values for hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the three organic liquids increased with temperature and pressure. The solubilities of CO are higher than those of Hz. The relationships of gas equilibria solubilities with temperatures were obtained. The data also showed that C’ (in n-paraffin) >C* (in n-octacosane) >C* (in FT300-wax) for two gases. The k,a pressure, but decrease with increasing liquid molecular weight. The basic data obtained is useful for the design and development of a slurry reactor of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
Solubility of the mineral matters of coal in coal 97100248 water slurry and its effect on slurry rheological behavior Sun, C. et al.. Ranliao Huaxue Xuehao, 19Y6, 24, (3), 239-244. (In Chinese) This papers looks at the soluhilities of the mineral matters of coals in coal water slurries which are characterized by ICP-AES, and their effects on slurry rheological behaviour in detail. 97100249
Solubilization
of
brown
coal
by enzyme
model
catalyst Miki, K. et a/., Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Ronhunshu. 1993, 30, l49152. (In Japanese) In this paper, coal soluhilization under extremely mildconditions, such as a microbiological attack, was attempted by using iron complex catalysts which were chemically synthesized as a model of oxygenase. For the solubilization of brown coal, it was required that the reaction site was modified to improve the contact between the coal and active catalytic sites.
Solubilization of a brown coal oxidized by H202 in a 97100250 solvent mixture of methanol and a non-polar’solvent at room temperature Sekitarl Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Ronhunshu, IYYS, 32, l37Mae, K. et al., 140. (In Japanese) This paper presents a study of soluhilization of a brown coal in a conventionally used solvent at room temperature. Extraction yields as high as 84 wt% were reported.
97/00251 model
Solubilization
of coal with synthesized
oxygenase
Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Ronhum~u, 1994, 31, 32-35. Miki, K. et al., (In Japanese) The article discusses experiments in which; in the presence of a co-catalyst, such as imidazole; a brown coal was solubilized by an immobilized iron porphyrin catalyst as model monooxygenase and hydrogen peroxide. The polar materials increased in the solubles during coal solubilization, however, it was not due to marked incorporation of carboxyl functions into coal structure. The effect of catalyst on coal solubilization is discussed based on the oxidation reactions of various aromatic compounds.
97iQO253 Structural analyses of coal hydrogenated oil according to homologous
of coal water
slurry
and
Sun, C. et al., Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao. 1996, 24, (3), 233-238. (In Chinese) The authors have examined the stir-resisting properties of coal water slurries during their preparation for 11 Chinese coals and two types of dispersants. The results indicated that the stir-resisting properties represented by the optimum stirring strength for slurry preparation are dependent on both coal surface properties (determined by coal rank) and a dispersant.
18
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1997
oil and types
Sugibuchi, H. et al., Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Rorthmshu, 1993, 30, 133-136. (In Japanese) This paper considers the importance of extraction oil and residues from coal, having low-molecular-weight components and different degree of polymeric components, in the elucidation of the coalification process because differences of chemical structure among them are expected to occur under the same coalification condition. In this study, the chemical structure between extraction oil and hydrogenation oils. which were derived by the hydrogenation of extraction residues, were compared according to their group composition hy using FI and EI MS. The conclusion can he drawn that the chemical structure of these components was influenced hv the coalification reaction and therefore naphthenic rings altered aromatic structure with accompanying polymerization reaction to macromolecular structure.
97100254 Structural analyses of coal extraction oil and hydro enation oil according to homologous compound types. (II). InRuence of rank of coal Satou, M., Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhunshu. 1994. 31. 285-288. (In Japanese) In the experiments for this article extraction oil and hydrogenation oils derived from residues were characterized hy HPLC and MS analyses. Chemical structures between the extraction oil and hydrogenation oils derived from three different rank distributions of both oils for each coal were similar. In high rank coal, the compound type distrihutions of aromatics are wider than those in low rank coal because of the increase of aromaticity with coal rank.
97100255 Structural means of GC-MS/MS
analyses
of coal
hydrogenation
oil by
Yokoyama, S. ct al., Sekitau Kagrrku Kaigl Hq>p,w Ronhur~shu, lY94, 31. 281-284. (In Japanese) A monoaromatic ring fraction separated hy NH2 column HPLC from Akahira coal hydrogenation oil was analyzed by @Z-MS/MS in the daughter mode to obtain mass spectra for the respective component without contamination by coelution of GC column.
97100256 Structure and formation mechanism the bottom of coal liquefaction reactors
of deposits
at
Sakawaki. K. et al., Sekitart Kagaku Kaigi HapI,vo Ronhrtmhu. 1994. 31, 119-122. (In Japanese) This paper examines the deposits formed at the reactor bottom during coal liquefaction by use of polarized optical microscopy and SEM. The elemental distributions were analyzed hy energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. 97100257 Structure and reactivity from brown coal during liquefaction
of preasphaltene
derived
Okuma. 0. et al., Sekitan Kagakrc Kaigi Happyo Rordwmhu. 1995, 32, 3336. (In Japanese) The structure of preasphaltene derived from Victorian brown coal during liquefaction was investigated by GPC analysis etc. and the analyses presented in this paper it make clear that the preasphaltene consists of three components: polar-higher molecular weight. (PH), polar-lower molecular weight (PL) and non-polar (NP) components.
97/00258 Studies on brown catalyst type on scale deposition
coal liquefaction. in coal liquefaction
Effect
of
Imai, J. et al., Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhunshu, 1993, 30, 264-267. (In Japanese) For this paper the effect of a catalyst type on scale deposition in coal liquefaction was studied by a model reaction method. It was shown that deposition tendency was higher when a catalyst particle size was smaller in the case of limonite, and that deposition tendency differed with types of catalysts in order rr-FeZOl > r)-FeOOH = -,-FeOOH> Fe,O+
97100259 Studies on brown coal liquefaction. iron catalyst properties on liquefaction activity
(19). Effect of
Koyama, T. et al., Sekitm Kagaku Kaigi Ifappyo Ronhurlshu, 1993. 30, 201~ 204. (In Japanese) This paper reports on the hydrogenation of I-methylnaphthalene as a model reaction for liquefaction which was carried out over iron ore catalysts and synthetic iron catalysts, and the effects of catalyst properties on their activities were investigated. 97lOQ26Q
Stir-resisting properties their effect on slurry preparation 97100252
extraction compound
tion activity
Studies on brown coal liquefaction. (21). Liquefacof synthetic iron oxyhydroxide catalyst
Koysma. T. et al.. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Ronhunshu, 1994, 3 I, I I I114. (In Japanese) The paper presents the findings of an investigation into the activity of synthetic iron oxyhydroxide catalysts for a brown coal liquefaction. :,-Iron oxyhydroxide catalysts finely divided in a coal-liquefied solvent gave much higher oil yields compared to other iron-based catalysts. The high activity was considered to he because synthetic -,-iron oxyhydroxides consisted of fine primary particles and because they highly dispersed in a reaction medium that is a coal-liquefied solvent.
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
Selectivity to olefins of Fe/Si02-MgO 97/00245 the Fischer-Tropsch reaction Gallegos, N. G. CI al., J. Cutal., 1996, IhI, (I), 132-142.
catalysts
in
Catalysts containing 5 wt% MgO on SiOZ were prepared for use in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. Selective chemisorption of CO. volumetric oxididation and Moessbauer spectroscopy were used to characterized the type of iron species and the metallic crystal sizes. MgO covers the SiOZ surface and modifies the metallic crystal size. The activity to total hydrocarbons increases with the amount of MgO added. An optimal concentration of ahout 4% (wtiwt) was found to have the highest selectivity to olefins.
Separation of Fischer-Tropsch 97100246 tures using dense-gas and liquid extraction
catalyst/wax
mix-
White, C. M. et al., Enera Fuel,~, 1996, IO, (5), 1067-1073. This paper describes a catalyst/wax separation technique based on densegas and/or liquid extraction of the soluble hydrocarbon components from the insoluble inorganic catalyst particles. The separation by extraction can also he performed in conjunction with magnetic separation of iron catalyst particles.
Solubilities and mass transfer coefficients drogen and carbon monoxide in various organic liquids 97100247
of hy-
Bai, L. et al., Hlraxue Fanying Gongcheng Yu Gongyi. 1996, 12, (2), l89195. (In Chinese) Describes how equilibria gas solubilities (C*) and volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficients (k,.a) were measured for hydrogen and carbon monoxide in n-paraffin, n-octacosane and FT300-wax at various pressures (1.0-4.0 MPa). temperatures (373-573 K), and 800 rimin stirrer speed in a I-L agitated autoclave. In the range of operating conditions investigated, the C* values for hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the three organic liquids increased with temperature and pressure. The solubilities of CO are higher than those of Hz. The relationships of gas equilibria solubilities with temperatures were obtained. The data also showed that C’ (in n-paraffin) >C* (in n-octacosane) >C* (in FT300-wax) for two gases. The k,a pressure, but decrease with increasing liquid molecular weight. The basic data obtained is useful for the design and development of a slurry reactor of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
Solubility of the mineral matters of coal in coal 97100248 water slurry and its effect on slurry rheological behavior Sun, C. et al.. Ranliao Huaxue Xuehao, 19Y6, 24, (3), 239-244. (In Chinese) This papers looks at the soluhilities of the mineral matters of coals in coal water slurries which are characterized by ICP-AES, and their effects on slurry rheological behaviour in detail. 97100249
Solubilization
of
brown
coal
by enzyme
model
catalyst Miki, K. et a/., Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Ronhunshu. 1993, 30, l49152. (In Japanese) In this paper, coal soluhilization under extremely mildconditions, such as a microbiological attack, was attempted by using iron complex catalysts which were chemically synthesized as a model of oxygenase. For the solubilization of brown coal, it was required that the reaction site was modified to improve the contact between the coal and active catalytic sites.
Solubilization of a brown coal oxidized by H202 in a 97100250 solvent mixture of methanol and a non-polar’solvent at room temperature Sekitarl Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Ronhunshu, IYYS, 32, l37Mae, K. et al., 140. (In Japanese) This paper presents a study of soluhilization of a brown coal in a conventionally used solvent at room temperature. Extraction yields as high as 84 wt% were reported.
97/00251 model
Solubilization
of coal with synthesized
oxygenase
Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Ronhum~u, 1994, 31, 32-35. Miki, K. et al., (In Japanese) The article discusses experiments in which; in the presence of a co-catalyst, such as imidazole; a brown coal was solubilized by an immobilized iron porphyrin catalyst as model monooxygenase and hydrogen peroxide. The polar materials increased in the solubles during coal solubilization, however, it was not due to marked incorporation of carboxyl functions into coal structure. The effect of catalyst on coal solubilization is discussed based on the oxidation reactions of various aromatic compounds.
97iQO253 Structural analyses of coal hydrogenated oil according to homologous
of coal water
slurry
and
Sun, C. et al., Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao. 1996, 24, (3), 233-238. (In Chinese) The authors have examined the stir-resisting properties of coal water slurries during their preparation for 11 Chinese coals and two types of dispersants. The results indicated that the stir-resisting properties represented by the optimum stirring strength for slurry preparation are dependent on both coal surface properties (determined by coal rank) and a dispersant.
18
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1997
oil and types
Sugibuchi, H. et al., Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Rorthmshu, 1993, 30, 133-136. (In Japanese) This paper considers the importance of extraction oil and residues from coal, having low-molecular-weight components and different degree of polymeric components, in the elucidation of the coalification process because differences of chemical structure among them are expected to occur under the same coalification condition. In this study, the chemical structure between extraction oil and hydrogenation oils. which were derived by the hydrogenation of extraction residues, were compared according to their group composition hy using FI and EI MS. The conclusion can he drawn that the chemical structure of these components was influenced hv the coalification reaction and therefore naphthenic rings altered aromatic structure with accompanying polymerization reaction to macromolecular structure.
97100254 Structural analyses of coal extraction oil and hydro enation oil according to homologous compound types. (II). InRuence of rank of coal Satou, M., Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhunshu. 1994. 31. 285-288. (In Japanese) In the experiments for this article extraction oil and hydrogenation oils derived from residues were characterized hy HPLC and MS analyses. Chemical structures between the extraction oil and hydrogenation oils derived from three different rank distributions of both oils for each coal were similar. In high rank coal, the compound type distrihutions of aromatics are wider than those in low rank coal because of the increase of aromaticity with coal rank.
97100255 Structural means of GC-MS/MS
analyses
of coal
hydrogenation
oil by
Yokoyama, S. ct al., Sekitau Kagrrku Kaigl Hq>p,w Ronhur~shu, lY94, 31. 281-284. (In Japanese) A monoaromatic ring fraction separated hy NH2 column HPLC from Akahira coal hydrogenation oil was analyzed by @Z-MS/MS in the daughter mode to obtain mass spectra for the respective component without contamination by coelution of GC column.
97100256 Structure and formation mechanism the bottom of coal liquefaction reactors
of deposits
at
Sakawaki. K. et al., Sekitart Kagaku Kaigi HapI,vo Ronhrtmhu. 1994. 31, 119-122. (In Japanese) This paper examines the deposits formed at the reactor bottom during coal liquefaction by use of polarized optical microscopy and SEM. The elemental distributions were analyzed hy energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. 97100257 Structure and reactivity from brown coal during liquefaction
of preasphaltene
derived
Okuma. 0. et al., Sekitan Kagakrc Kaigi Happyo Rordwmhu. 1995, 32, 3336. (In Japanese) The structure of preasphaltene derived from Victorian brown coal during liquefaction was investigated by GPC analysis etc. and the analyses presented in this paper it make clear that the preasphaltene consists of three components: polar-higher molecular weight. (PH), polar-lower molecular weight (PL) and non-polar (NP) components.
97/00258 Studies on brown catalyst type on scale deposition
coal liquefaction. in coal liquefaction
Effect
of
Imai, J. et al., Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhunshu, 1993, 30, 264-267. (In Japanese) For this paper the effect of a catalyst type on scale deposition in coal liquefaction was studied by a model reaction method. It was shown that deposition tendency was higher when a catalyst particle size was smaller in the case of limonite, and that deposition tendency differed with types of catalysts in order rr-FeZOl > r)-FeOOH = -,-FeOOH> Fe,O+
97100259 Studies on brown coal liquefaction. iron catalyst properties on liquefaction activity
(19). Effect of
Koyama, T. et al., Sekitm Kagaku Kaigi Ifappyo Ronhurlshu, 1993. 30, 201~ 204. (In Japanese) This paper reports on the hydrogenation of I-methylnaphthalene as a model reaction for liquefaction which was carried out over iron ore catalysts and synthetic iron catalysts, and the effects of catalyst properties on their activities were investigated. 97lOQ26Q
Stir-resisting properties their effect on slurry preparation 97100252
extraction compound
tion activity
Studies on brown coal liquefaction. (21). Liquefacof synthetic iron oxyhydroxide catalyst
Koysma. T. et al.. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Ronhunshu, 1994, 3 I, I I I114. (In Japanese) The paper presents the findings of an investigation into the activity of synthetic iron oxyhydroxide catalysts for a brown coal liquefaction. :,-Iron oxyhydroxide catalysts finely divided in a coal-liquefied solvent gave much higher oil yields compared to other iron-based catalysts. The high activity was considered to he because synthetic -,-iron oxyhydroxides consisted of fine primary particles and because they highly dispersed in a reaction medium that is a coal-liquefied solvent.