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00367 Apparatus for dewatering of slurries
04
04
BY-PRODUCTS TO FUELS
RELATED
97100362 Activated carbons from Spanish Coals. 2. Chemical Activation Illan-~iomcz. M. J. c’r rrl.. trier,,~ b’~rclc IYOh. 10, (S), 110X-1 11-L
A di\cu\\ion of the preparation of activated carbons from Spanish coals chemical activaticm with alkali and alkaline-earth hydroxide\. The paper ;~n;~lytcs the follon ing n\pccts: presence of water during pyrolysis. extension ot the impregnation and drying proces\cs, activating agent, temperature and lame of pyrcjlysis. activating agent/coal ratio. coal rank, and mineral matter content. Activated c;~rbons obtained by chemical activation exhibit much lower ash content than the corresponding original coals. Ash reduction. depending on the coal used. could he very notlceahle: the highest rcduct~on ob\et-vcd correspond\ to coal UAIO (I I .35 ash) that. after YaOH ;Ictivation. rrullt\ in an activated carbon with ~)nly 0.55 ash content. 97100363 wood
Activated
carbons
from
Uruguayan
eucalyptus
l‘ancrcdi. N. PI trl.. Flrcl, Dee lYY6. 75. (IS). 1701~170h. This article discu\\cs how activated carbon\ were prepared tram eucalyptus \bood char\. II prc\ents the results of a comparison between CO:, CO:-0: and \tcam activation. The carbonization step gave rise to a narrow mlcrr,pore structure and ;I highly developed ma’croporosity \chich varied upon (‘0:. or \tcam activation. Steam activation also led to B widening of micropore \IZC di\trihution and development of the mesoporosity. The prc\e~~ce of OL accompat~ying CO? in the activating gas increased the microand macroporoslty of the carhona. No net destruction of muoporo\itv wit\ observed even at high hurnoff levels and v,lth as much ii\ 5 ~01.~; 0, in the activating ga\.
97100364
Activation
of adsorbents
Analysis of coal tar behavior and composition
pitch:
relations
between
Guillen, M. D. (‘I c/l.. ~I~I((‘I, 1096. 7.5. (Y), IIOI-I 107. Presents ;I discu%ion of the influence of pitch composition on Its thermal hrhavlour. Empha\ls IS put on gas chromatography analysis of their volatile traction The pyrolysis of nine coal tar pitches was studied by thermogravmetric analy\~\ and derived thcrmogra
97100366 process
Analysis of variants for the design of a data-control system for a byproduct-coking plant S. I. er c/l.. Kokv Khm.. 19%. (3). .14-.1X. (In Ruas~an)
Kaufman. The article IY D discussion of the structure variant? of a general dat+control PI-occ\\ \y?tem for ;i by-prllduct coking plant and for its coking division.
97100367
Apparatus
for dewatering
of slurries
Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08.151.12S (96.151.125~ Terakura, S. of ul.. (Cl. B6SGSi!30). I I Jun IYYh. Appt. 94175,637. I4 Apr 1044: 4 pp. (In Japone\e) The apparatus presented in this paper comprises a dewatering tank with a cylindrical hody and an approximately inverse cone-shaped hottom, an overflow trough arranged at the central upper portion of the tank, an overflow pipe connected to the trough for discharging supernatant from the trough to out+idc, and a slurry intake pipe connected to an upper wall opening III tangential direction. During operation the powders (e.g., coal ashes. incinerator ashes. sand) in the slurry are separated hy centrifugal furce and precipitated. The supernatant is discharged.
97100366
Coal tar enamel-coated
related to fuels
Coal tar resin-epoxy resin coating composition urea-formaldehyde resin for improved adhesion
Uhacz. K. cl ul.. Pal. PL 166,347 (Cl. COY~lIhr/OO). 31 May lYY5, Appl. 202. 776. I2 Dee 1091: .i pp. (In Polish) Descrihra the manufacture of a co81 tar rr\in-epox) resin coating composition from coal tar resin. epoxy resin (epoxy no. 0..%5~0.55 mol/lOO 9). pigments, fillers, auxiliary additives. solvents. and polyamine hardeners. and also I-IO parts (based on total resins) u!-ea- HCHO rein (prefer;ihly ctherified with BuOH).
97100370 Combustion char morphology tion temperature and coal petrography
related
steel pipe
Jun 1096. US Johnson. J. R. PC‘T Int. Appl. WO ‘XI 1X.05X (Cl. FlhL’Ji’I4). Appl. iS1.700. X Dee l’JY4: 25 pp. This article details a method for the manufacture of a coal tar enamelcoared steel pipe. ‘The process comprises applying a primer coat of epoxy rc\~n containing silane coupling agent to a preheated steel pipe. and applying coal tar enamel to the primer coat prior to full curing. The coated \trel p!pe\ have c’xcellent resistance to cathodic dishondment. heat. and ~I:(>.
to combus-
Rosenherg, P. cf N/.. Fuel. 1496, 75. (Y). lO7l-1082. This paper exmaines the morphology of chars \:tmpletl from various laboratory-scale reactors operating at temperature\ from X0(1 to greater than 14OfJ’C together with chars collected directly in the flame zone in ;I full-scale pulverized fuel combustion ,cxperim?enr. The ctrmhustlon chars were produced using coal and c<~al hlend dominated hy vitrinite-rich microlithotypes together with four coal\ domin;itcd h! inertlnite-rich microlithotype?. A clear distinction hetw,eeli the high-temperature char samples emerged which is related mainly to the parent coal petrograph! and prohahlv secondarily to the rank.
97100371 Determination of food coal-tar mance liquid chromatography
dyes by high perfor-
Nakazawa. K. et crl.. ‘Ihkw-/o&u F.i.sc~ !GVI~VI~\/XI h’&\-o ,Yerr{,o. I SSS. 46. 108-l 14. (In Japanese) Thi\ paper details how thirty-eight coal-tar dye\ were simultaneousI> analyzed within 40 minutes hy HPLC with a Co~moall SC IX-AR column using McOH-McC‘N-HZ0 (3:.1:4) as mobile phase nirh pradlcnt :Iddition ot AcONHl and detectmg at ‘254 nm. The separated dye? were suhsequcntly identified from the spectral pattern\ wiih a pll~)tl~dicltlearr~l~ detector. The detection limits were IO-100 ng.
97100372 Development of process for manufacture sorbents from Donetsk long-flame coals Kaftan. Y. S.. Kok.c Khim.. lYY6, (5), X-10. (In Russian)
Hiram. ‘I.. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08.lhY.707 [Yh.lf1’J.707] ((‘I. IO). 2 Jul 1996, Appl. 94839.428. I6 Dee 1994: 6 pp. (In Japanese) (‘0 I Bi I _I t’re\ent\ :I process tor the activation of adso~hents comprising alternately ( I) treating the ad\orhcnt under lowtemperature activated gases to shrink hy the rndothermlc reaction of the activatFd gas. and (2) treating the activated gas-adsorbed ad\orhcnt under high-temperature uctlvated gasr\ to de\orh the adsorbed activated gas and a part of the adsorbents. The adsorhcnt\ may he tram cellulose. acrylonitrile. lignin, pitch. asphalt. phenol\. coal. plant\. their carhIdes. or zeolites. The activated p;i\es may he steam. (‘0,. or thclr mixtures
97100365 thermal
97100369 containing
By-products
of carbon
Details a process for the production of high-qual’it>; ‘tctivatcd carbtrn from Done&k long-flame coal. The process con&t\ ~,1 three \tnges: thermal oxidation. carbonizatmn, and activation. All three step\ of the proces are carried out in ;I fixed bed. Steam was used :I$ the activation agent. The activated carbon produced is ulitable for use ITI air filter\.
97100373 Effect of heterogeneous mechanisms burning of nitrogen ozide (‘hen. W. and Ma. L., .4I(‘/1E J.. l’J’)f>. 42, (7). I%%l’J7h.
during
re-
In this study rehurning was simulated in an alumin,l flow reactor operated tilth a synthetic flue gas at a stoichiometric ratio of I. I. at I IO0C andwith a residence time of approx. 0.2 s. The rehurnlng fuels used included methane, one hituminou\ coal. two Iignites. char\ derived from the bituminous coal and two lignite%. and the hlturnlnons coal char impregnated with CaO.
97100374 properties
Effect of mineral components of raw material of activated carbons M. 1.. ct irl., K&s Khim., lOOh, (il), S-7. (In Russian)
on
Ulanovskii. An investigation into the suitability ot the Dourtsk Itrng-tlamc coal for the preparation of activated carbon adsorbent. Sorption &ility of the activated carbon decreased with increasing ash content. Change\ in the composition ot mineral components were also examined. Evaluate\ the suitability of the activated carbon for wastewater treatment and watct purification.
Electric arc furnace dust treatment 97100375 Aota. J.. Can. Pat. Appl. CA 2.137.040 (Cl. COJB35;lX). 2 Jun IY’Jh, Appl. 2.137.090, I Dee 1YY4. This describes a calcining step which is used to provide a stable clinker containing electric arc furnace dust. The clinker mzcts RII of the applicable leaching standards. Oxidic w’astes from other prc~eases, yuch a\ zinc electroplating residues. and the largely ouidic residues from refuse fuellcd power generator\ can al\o he used. In this low temperature vitrification process a powder composition containing waste material ?-hi. silica X-73. and alumina 7-30 wt?. is wetted to form a homogcneou\ m:\ss. The ma\\ i> fired in a furnace for a sufficient time 31 IXII) (‘ or below to cause vitrification. and the vitrified product is recovered ;i\ a fired clinker. The clinker, after crushing, can be used as a road aggregate, in tarmac mixes, or after crushing to a suitably small powder, in the making of bricks and tile\ having good abrasion and heat resistance. 97100376 Evaluation coal-mine sand from horticultural substrates
of the suitability of brown-coal ash and the Konin Basin as components of
Biesiada. A. and Kolota, E.. Zrsz. Pro/i Pmre/x~ A’rruk Rolri.. 1905, (Puh. IYYh), 479, 47-S1. (In Polish) The experiments described in thi\ paper were ctrnducted in order to establish the suitability of brown coal ash and sand from brown coal mine a\ the components of mediums for greenhouse tomato and lettuce cultivation. Contents of heavy metals in the\e components were below the level in noncontaminated soil\. The suitability of the medium\ comprising peat and
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1997
27
04
BY-PRODUCTS TO FUELS
RELATED
97100362 Activated carbons from Spanish Coals. 2. Chemical Activation Illan-~iomcz. M. J. c’r rrl.. trier,,~ b’~rclc IYOh. 10, (S), 110X-1 11-L
A di\cu\\ion of the preparation of activated carbons from Spanish coals chemical activaticm with alkali and alkaline-earth hydroxide\. The paper ;~n;~lytcs the follon ing n\pccts: presence of water during pyrolysis. extension ot the impregnation and drying proces\cs, activating agent, temperature and lame of pyrcjlysis. activating agent/coal ratio. coal rank, and mineral matter content. Activated c;~rbons obtained by chemical activation exhibit much lower ash content than the corresponding original coals. Ash reduction. depending on the coal used. could he very notlceahle: the highest rcduct~on ob\et-vcd correspond\ to coal UAIO (I I .35 ash) that. after YaOH ;Ictivation. rrullt\ in an activated carbon with ~)nly 0.55 ash content. 97100363 wood
Activated
carbons
from
Uruguayan
eucalyptus
l‘ancrcdi. N. PI trl.. Flrcl, Dee lYY6. 75. (IS). 1701~170h. This article discu\\cs how activated carbon\ were prepared tram eucalyptus \bood char\. II prc\ents the results of a comparison between CO:, CO:-0: and \tcam activation. The carbonization step gave rise to a narrow mlcrr,pore structure and ;I highly developed ma’croporosity \chich varied upon (‘0:. or \tcam activation. Steam activation also led to B widening of micropore \IZC di\trihution and development of the mesoporosity. The prc\e~~ce of OL accompat~ying CO? in the activating gas increased the microand macroporoslty of the carhona. No net destruction of muoporo\itv wit\ observed even at high hurnoff levels and v,lth as much ii\ 5 ~01.~; 0, in the activating ga\.
97100364
Activation
of adsorbents
Analysis of coal tar behavior and composition
pitch:
relations
between
Guillen, M. D. (‘I c/l.. ~I~I((‘I, 1096. 7.5. (Y), IIOI-I 107. Presents ;I discu%ion of the influence of pitch composition on Its thermal hrhavlour. Empha\ls IS put on gas chromatography analysis of their volatile traction The pyrolysis of nine coal tar pitches was studied by thermogravmetric analy\~\ and derived thcrmogra
97100366 process
Analysis of variants for the design of a data-control system for a byproduct-coking plant S. I. er c/l.. Kokv Khm.. 19%. (3). .14-.1X. (In Ruas~an)
Kaufman. The article IY D discussion of the structure variant? of a general dat+control PI-occ\\ \y?tem for ;i by-prllduct coking plant and for its coking division.
97100367
Apparatus
for dewatering
of slurries
Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08.151.12S (96.151.125~ Terakura, S. of ul.. (Cl. B6SGSi!30). I I Jun IYYh. Appt. 94175,637. I4 Apr 1044: 4 pp. (In Japone\e) The apparatus presented in this paper comprises a dewatering tank with a cylindrical hody and an approximately inverse cone-shaped hottom, an overflow trough arranged at the central upper portion of the tank, an overflow pipe connected to the trough for discharging supernatant from the trough to out+idc, and a slurry intake pipe connected to an upper wall opening III tangential direction. During operation the powders (e.g., coal ashes. incinerator ashes. sand) in the slurry are separated hy centrifugal furce and precipitated. The supernatant is discharged.
97100366
Coal tar enamel-coated
related to fuels
Coal tar resin-epoxy resin coating composition urea-formaldehyde resin for improved adhesion
Uhacz. K. cl ul.. Pal. PL 166,347 (Cl. COY~lIhr/OO). 31 May lYY5, Appl. 202. 776. I2 Dee 1091: .i pp. (In Polish) Descrihra the manufacture of a co81 tar rr\in-epox) resin coating composition from coal tar resin. epoxy resin (epoxy no. 0..%5~0.55 mol/lOO 9). pigments, fillers, auxiliary additives. solvents. and polyamine hardeners. and also I-IO parts (based on total resins) u!-ea- HCHO rein (prefer;ihly ctherified with BuOH).
97100370 Combustion char morphology tion temperature and coal petrography
related
steel pipe
Jun 1096. US Johnson. J. R. PC‘T Int. Appl. WO ‘XI 1X.05X (Cl. FlhL’Ji’I4). Appl. iS1.700. X Dee l’JY4: 25 pp. This article details a method for the manufacture of a coal tar enamelcoared steel pipe. ‘The process comprises applying a primer coat of epoxy rc\~n containing silane coupling agent to a preheated steel pipe. and applying coal tar enamel to the primer coat prior to full curing. The coated \trel p!pe\ have c’xcellent resistance to cathodic dishondment. heat. and ~I:(>.
to combus-
Rosenherg, P. cf N/.. Fuel. 1496, 75. (Y). lO7l-1082. This paper exmaines the morphology of chars \:tmpletl from various laboratory-scale reactors operating at temperature\ from X0(1 to greater than 14OfJ’C together with chars collected directly in the flame zone in ;I full-scale pulverized fuel combustion ,cxperim?enr. The ctrmhustlon chars were produced using coal and c<~al hlend dominated hy vitrinite-rich microlithotypes together with four coal\ domin;itcd h! inertlnite-rich microlithotype?. A clear distinction hetw,eeli the high-temperature char samples emerged which is related mainly to the parent coal petrograph! and prohahlv secondarily to the rank.
97100371 Determination of food coal-tar mance liquid chromatography
dyes by high perfor-
Nakazawa. K. et crl.. ‘Ihkw-/o&u F.i.sc~ !GVI~VI~\/XI h’&\-o ,Yerr{,o. I SSS. 46. 108-l 14. (In Japanese) Thi\ paper details how thirty-eight coal-tar dye\ were simultaneousI> analyzed within 40 minutes hy HPLC with a Co~moall SC IX-AR column using McOH-McC‘N-HZ0 (3:.1:4) as mobile phase nirh pradlcnt :Iddition ot AcONHl and detectmg at ‘254 nm. The separated dye? were suhsequcntly identified from the spectral pattern\ wiih a pll~)tl~dicltlearr~l~ detector. The detection limits were IO-100 ng.
97100372 Development of process for manufacture sorbents from Donetsk long-flame coals Kaftan. Y. S.. Kok.c Khim.. lYY6, (5), X-10. (In Russian)
Hiram. ‘I.. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08.lhY.707 [Yh.lf1’J.707] ((‘I. IO). 2 Jul 1996, Appl. 94839.428. I6 Dee 1994: 6 pp. (In Japanese) (‘0 I Bi I _I t’re\ent\ :I process tor the activation of adso~hents comprising alternately ( I) treating the ad\orhcnt under lowtemperature activated gases to shrink hy the rndothermlc reaction of the activatFd gas. and (2) treating the activated gas-adsorbed ad\orhcnt under high-temperature uctlvated gasr\ to de\orh the adsorbed activated gas and a part of the adsorbents. The adsorhcnt\ may he tram cellulose. acrylonitrile. lignin, pitch. asphalt. phenol\. coal. plant\. their carhIdes. or zeolites. The activated p;i\es may he steam. (‘0,. or thclr mixtures
97100365 thermal
97100369 containing
By-products
of carbon
Details a process for the production of high-qual’it>; ‘tctivatcd carbtrn from Done&k long-flame coal. The process con&t\ ~,1 three \tnges: thermal oxidation. carbonizatmn, and activation. All three step\ of the proces are carried out in ;I fixed bed. Steam was used :I$ the activation agent. The activated carbon produced is ulitable for use ITI air filter\.
97100373 Effect of heterogeneous mechanisms burning of nitrogen ozide (‘hen. W. and Ma. L., .4I(‘/1E J.. l’J’)f>. 42, (7). I%%l’J7h.
during
re-
In this study rehurning was simulated in an alumin,l flow reactor operated tilth a synthetic flue gas at a stoichiometric ratio of I. I. at I IO0C andwith a residence time of approx. 0.2 s. The rehurnlng fuels used included methane, one hituminou\ coal. two Iignites. char\ derived from the bituminous coal and two lignite%. and the hlturnlnons coal char impregnated with CaO.
97100374 properties
Effect of mineral components of raw material of activated carbons M. 1.. ct irl., K&s Khim., lOOh, (il), S-7. (In Russian)
on
Ulanovskii. An investigation into the suitability ot the Dourtsk Itrng-tlamc coal for the preparation of activated carbon adsorbent. Sorption &ility of the activated carbon decreased with increasing ash content. Change\ in the composition ot mineral components were also examined. Evaluate\ the suitability of the activated carbon for wastewater treatment and watct purification.
Electric arc furnace dust treatment 97100375 Aota. J.. Can. Pat. Appl. CA 2.137.040 (Cl. COJB35;lX). 2 Jun IY’Jh, Appl. 2.137.090, I Dee 1YY4. This describes a calcining step which is used to provide a stable clinker containing electric arc furnace dust. The clinker mzcts RII of the applicable leaching standards. Oxidic w’astes from other prc~eases, yuch a\ zinc electroplating residues. and the largely ouidic residues from refuse fuellcd power generator\ can al\o he used. In this low temperature vitrification process a powder composition containing waste material ?-hi. silica X-73. and alumina 7-30 wt?. is wetted to form a homogcneou\ m:\ss. The ma\\ i> fired in a furnace for a sufficient time 31 IXII) (‘ or below to cause vitrification. and the vitrified product is recovered ;i\ a fired clinker. The clinker, after crushing, can be used as a road aggregate, in tarmac mixes, or after crushing to a suitably small powder, in the making of bricks and tile\ having good abrasion and heat resistance. 97100376 Evaluation coal-mine sand from horticultural substrates
of the suitability of brown-coal ash and the Konin Basin as components of
Biesiada. A. and Kolota, E.. Zrsz. Pro/i Pmre/x~ A’rruk Rolri.. 1905, (Puh. IYYh), 479, 47-S1. (In Polish) The experiments described in thi\ paper were ctrnducted in order to establish the suitability of brown coal ash and sand from brown coal mine a\ the components of mediums for greenhouse tomato and lettuce cultivation. Contents of heavy metals in the\e components were below the level in noncontaminated soil\. The suitability of the medium\ comprising peat and
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1997
27