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01056 Development of catalysts for synthesizing dimethyl ether from synthesis gas
03
Combined cycles and a difficult future 97/01045 Bourhonncux, G. Pet. 7’c&., lYY6, 402. 27-34. (In French) Revrews the development and commercialization of integrated combinedcycle gasification, adapted to heavy petroleum residues and heavy products in a refinery setting. especrally for power generation from advantageously processes, which are priced high-sulfur feedstocks. The combined-cycle adapted from well-known coal-based technologies, involve air seperation prior to gasification. gasification of heavy petroleum feedstocks by known processes. hot gas clean-up. combustion of the fuel gases in expansion turbines. and co-production of synthesis gas and methanol during Iowelectrical-load periods. 97lO1046
reforming
Combined partial oxidation and carbon of methane process to synthesis gas
of calcium-based
sorbents for coal gas
Fenouil. L. A. and l.ynn. S. Pi-d<,. Anrru. I/U. /Jirrshu@l Cocrl Corrf:, 199.5. I?. 23 l&236. ‘This article presents the results of a comparative study on the soption of HLS hy small (0.4 mm) particles of three different calcium-based sorhents (limestcmc, dolomitic limestone and dolomite) under simulated coal gas tn ;I differential tuhe reactor.
97101048 repowered
The construction, startup and operation Wabash River coal gasification project
of the
Proc. Aunu. Int. Pittshur~h Coal Conf., 1995. 12,72-77. Roll. M. W. Di\cusscs the project history. design. cost and efficiency, environmental benefits. and implementation aspects of a coal gasification combined cycle power plant.
97101049
content
Continuous of carbonaceous
rotated with the air cylinder of the coal gasifier. Tht lance tuhe is inserted at desired position to the gasifier and equipped with a stop valve for prevention of steam pm-injection. 97101053 Desulfurizers in coal gasification
measurement of change in oxygen materials during the gasification
Miura, K. et crl. Sekirun Ktrgaku Ku&i Hrrppvo Ronhunsh~c. 1993. 30, 63-66 (In Japanese).. Details a method used to establish the amount of 0: uptake on carbon material\ during gasification by continuously measuring the weight change and the composition of the gaseous products (using a sensitive thermo balance and a mass
Conversion of fuel nitrogen oxides at elevated pressure
through
HCN and NH3
Hamalainen, J. P. and Aho, M. J. Fuel. 1096, 75, (12). l377-IlXh. An experimental study into the reactions of fuel nitrogen during pyrolysts and combustion of pulverized HVb coal, two peats and fir bark in a pressurized entrained flow reactor. Mass loss of fuel, release hf C, N, H and 0, and formation of HM7 and HCN were measured during pyrolysis. Mass loss. and formation of NO, NzO and NO? through HCN and NH? were measured during combustion. 97/01051 Cyclic gasifier-combustor
variations
and control
of a batch
of carbon precipitation
Jpn. Kokai Tokkyrr Koho JP OH. 218, 081 [Yh, Shirai, J. and Kobayashi, M. 218, 0X1] (Cl. ClOK1/32), 27 Aug 1996. Appl. 95144, 9X6. IO Feh 1905, 5 pp (In Japanese). Describes desulferizers suitable for the desulfurizatmn of CO-containing high-temperature reducing gases. The desulfurizers may contain Fe oxide and/or Zn ferrite. and amorphous SiO?.
97101054 Development and application desulfuriration technology
biomass
1996, 113/l 14, S2Y-556. Beedie, D. cf ol. C‘onrhusr. Sci. Techrwl., As discussed in this paper uncontrolled hatch biomass gasification systems exhibit large variations in gasification rate during the fuel cycle. A portable batch hiomass gasification-combustor was improved by a control system of air supply to the gasifier. The resulting time variation gasification characteristics were investigated by continuous measurement of air-supply flow rates and the major flue gas species concentrations. A simple control system may use comhustor exit temperature to monitor overall excess air value (EXAV). With the control system maintaining a reasonable steady EXAV throughout the fuel cycle, gasification rate falls while higher heating values (HHV) rises, causing thermal input to reach a minimum in midcycle. HHV was evaluated using a correlation accurate for a range of biomass materials. The correlation was well approximated hy considering carbon flux only.
Deslagger for coal gasifler 97101052 Nakajima. Y. and Ogawa, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08. 165,479 [Y6, 165. 4791 (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 25 Jun 1996. Appl. 941308, 744, 13 Dee 1994, 5 pp (In Japanese). Rotary deslaggers are provided inside the panel of the water-cooled wall at the lower part of the reductor zone or the upper part of the diffuser zone for injecting pressurized fluids with an injection means, in order to prevent the deposition of slag on the walls of diffuser and reductor zones of the spouted-hed gasifier. The lance tube for injecting the steam is coaxially
of high performance
Nenvo oyohi Nensho. 1996, 6.3, (9). hh2-670 (In Japanese). Okada. 0. Discusses high-performance adsorptive gas desulfurization, focusing on the role of guard adsorbents for methanation and steam reforming. These processes required desulfurization to a sulfur conttnt of I pph to prevent catalyst deactivation and coke formation. 97101055
Development
of 3 t/d coal gasification
system
in
Korea Yun, Y. PI al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pirrshurgh Cm/ Conf.. 1905. 12, 181-1X6. A trench scale coal gasifier has been constructed and is being tested. The gasifier has been in operation since 199s and it is anticipated that the basic operation characteristics of pressurized coal gasifiers for power generation vvill he established for imported bituminous and suhhituminous coals. A software approach to the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power is also described.
Development 97101056 ether from synthesis gas
of catalysts
for synthesizing
dimethyl
Shi. R.-M. er ul. J. Nat. Gas Chem.. 1996. 5, (4). 287-2’)s. Explains how Cu-based catalysts were developed for the conversion of synthesis gas to Me>O. They exhibit high activities at mild reaction conditions and are suitahle for synthesis gas of varying composition
97101057 Development for coal-derived gas
of fixed-bed
type hot gas cleanup
unit
IOYS, 32, 259-262 Sera. T. er al. Sekiran Kagaku Kaigi Huppyo Rontmmhrr. (In Japanese). Discusses the development of a coal gasification combined-cycle power plant with a 200 ton/day pilot plant. Demonstration tests on the gas cleanup unit were conducted with coal gas containing dust and sulfur compounds with a 20 t/d fixed-bed pilot plant installed in January 1993. Finally, 765 h of continuou\ operation was achieved during in a test run in March-April IYOS. 97101058
97/01050 to nitrogen
for prevention
dioxide
‘Tang. S.-B. et nl. J. Nur. Gas Chem., 1996, 5, (3). 272-277. This article presents the results of a study into the combined partial oxtdatron and carbon dioxide reforming reaction to product synthesis gas using NI loaded catalysts. The study made use of a fixed-hed flow apparatus. Ni/Al:OI was found to he a hetter catalyst than Co/A1207 or Fe/Al:02. The yields of CO and H: were also found to rise with an increase of temperature.
97101047 Comparison desulfurization
Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels)
technology
Development of high-performance for steam reforming process
desulfurization
Masuda, M. Pefrotech (Tokyo), 1996, 19, (8). 64X-6%) (In Japanese). Demonstrates that the novel desulfurization agent Cu-ZnO-alumina is capable of lowering S content to pph level in the manufacture of city gas tram raw gases by hydrodesulfurization, thus preventing catalyst poisoning. The new agent improved the city gas quality and significantly reduced the production costs.
97101059 gasification
Development plant
of hot
gas
filtration
for
air
blown
Coal Conf., IYYS, 12, 271-277. Cahill, P. er al. Proc. At~nu. Inr. fimburgh A critical requirement in the air hlown gasification cycle (ABGC) is to ensure that the fuel gas is free of dust, in order to avoid damage to the gas turbine. Ceramic filter elements are the preferred technology for this cleanup. This paper describes development work carried out on hot gas filtration for the ABGC. A development programme on hot gas filtration has been carried out at CTDD. Over 2000 h of operation at up to 600°C have been achieved on two pilot scale hot gas filters. each taking full flow of gas from air blown gasifiers. The filters have operated with no incidents of breakage of filter elements. Information has been generated for effect of filtration velocity and temperature, cleaning gas requirements, changing dust and gas composition. and for design of critical components such as fast opening valves, venturi ejectors and sealing mechanisms. The effect of different operating conditions on filter element strength has been evaluated for a range of filter elements.
97101060 Dust properties and cleaning pressure loss of hot coal gas filtration
systems
as factors
in
Coal Conf.. 1995, 12, 379-384. Ito, S. et al. Proc. Annu. Inf. firfsbrtrgh Explains how dust properties. determined in part by char recovery, are a major factor in pressure loss of ceramic candle filters. A cyclone was applied to char recovery to investigate effects on dust properties at 18 bar clone decreased the inlet dust concentration of the filter and 400°C. The r from 60 to 3 g/m- but was useless to lower filter pressure loss. The cyclone collected only larger particles and increased their specific surface area with consequent ineffectiveness in pressure loss reduction in dust cake. In off-
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1997
67
Combined cycles and a difficult future 97/01045 Bourhonncux, G. Pet. 7’c&., lYY6, 402. 27-34. (In French) Revrews the development and commercialization of integrated combinedcycle gasification, adapted to heavy petroleum residues and heavy products in a refinery setting. especrally for power generation from advantageously processes, which are priced high-sulfur feedstocks. The combined-cycle adapted from well-known coal-based technologies, involve air seperation prior to gasification. gasification of heavy petroleum feedstocks by known processes. hot gas clean-up. combustion of the fuel gases in expansion turbines. and co-production of synthesis gas and methanol during Iowelectrical-load periods. 97lO1046
reforming
Combined partial oxidation and carbon of methane process to synthesis gas
of calcium-based
sorbents for coal gas
Fenouil. L. A. and l.ynn. S. Pi-d<,. Anrru. I/U. /Jirrshu@l Cocrl Corrf:, 199.5. I?. 23 l&236. ‘This article presents the results of a comparative study on the soption of HLS hy small (0.4 mm) particles of three different calcium-based sorhents (limestcmc, dolomitic limestone and dolomite) under simulated coal gas tn ;I differential tuhe reactor.
97101048 repowered
The construction, startup and operation Wabash River coal gasification project
of the
Proc. Aunu. Int. Pittshur~h Coal Conf., 1995. 12,72-77. Roll. M. W. Di\cusscs the project history. design. cost and efficiency, environmental benefits. and implementation aspects of a coal gasification combined cycle power plant.
97101049
content
Continuous of carbonaceous
rotated with the air cylinder of the coal gasifier. Tht lance tuhe is inserted at desired position to the gasifier and equipped with a stop valve for prevention of steam pm-injection. 97101053 Desulfurizers in coal gasification
measurement of change in oxygen materials during the gasification
Miura, K. et crl. Sekirun Ktrgaku Ku&i Hrrppvo Ronhunsh~c. 1993. 30, 63-66 (In Japanese).. Details a method used to establish the amount of 0: uptake on carbon material\ during gasification by continuously measuring the weight change and the composition of the gaseous products (using a sensitive thermo balance and a mass
Conversion of fuel nitrogen oxides at elevated pressure
through
HCN and NH3
Hamalainen, J. P. and Aho, M. J. Fuel. 1096, 75, (12). l377-IlXh. An experimental study into the reactions of fuel nitrogen during pyrolysts and combustion of pulverized HVb coal, two peats and fir bark in a pressurized entrained flow reactor. Mass loss of fuel, release hf C, N, H and 0, and formation of HM7 and HCN were measured during pyrolysis. Mass loss. and formation of NO, NzO and NO? through HCN and NH? were measured during combustion. 97/01051 Cyclic gasifier-combustor
variations
and control
of a batch
of carbon precipitation
Jpn. Kokai Tokkyrr Koho JP OH. 218, 081 [Yh, Shirai, J. and Kobayashi, M. 218, 0X1] (Cl. ClOK1/32), 27 Aug 1996. Appl. 95144, 9X6. IO Feh 1905, 5 pp (In Japanese). Describes desulferizers suitable for the desulfurizatmn of CO-containing high-temperature reducing gases. The desulfurizers may contain Fe oxide and/or Zn ferrite. and amorphous SiO?.
97101054 Development and application desulfuriration technology
biomass
1996, 113/l 14, S2Y-556. Beedie, D. cf ol. C‘onrhusr. Sci. Techrwl., As discussed in this paper uncontrolled hatch biomass gasification systems exhibit large variations in gasification rate during the fuel cycle. A portable batch hiomass gasification-combustor was improved by a control system of air supply to the gasifier. The resulting time variation gasification characteristics were investigated by continuous measurement of air-supply flow rates and the major flue gas species concentrations. A simple control system may use comhustor exit temperature to monitor overall excess air value (EXAV). With the control system maintaining a reasonable steady EXAV throughout the fuel cycle, gasification rate falls while higher heating values (HHV) rises, causing thermal input to reach a minimum in midcycle. HHV was evaluated using a correlation accurate for a range of biomass materials. The correlation was well approximated hy considering carbon flux only.
Deslagger for coal gasifler 97101052 Nakajima. Y. and Ogawa, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08. 165,479 [Y6, 165. 4791 (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 25 Jun 1996. Appl. 941308, 744, 13 Dee 1994, 5 pp (In Japanese). Rotary deslaggers are provided inside the panel of the water-cooled wall at the lower part of the reductor zone or the upper part of the diffuser zone for injecting pressurized fluids with an injection means, in order to prevent the deposition of slag on the walls of diffuser and reductor zones of the spouted-hed gasifier. The lance tube for injecting the steam is coaxially
of high performance
Nenvo oyohi Nensho. 1996, 6.3, (9). hh2-670 (In Japanese). Okada. 0. Discusses high-performance adsorptive gas desulfurization, focusing on the role of guard adsorbents for methanation and steam reforming. These processes required desulfurization to a sulfur conttnt of I pph to prevent catalyst deactivation and coke formation. 97101055
Development
of 3 t/d coal gasification
system
in
Korea Yun, Y. PI al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pirrshurgh Cm/ Conf.. 1905. 12, 181-1X6. A trench scale coal gasifier has been constructed and is being tested. The gasifier has been in operation since 199s and it is anticipated that the basic operation characteristics of pressurized coal gasifiers for power generation vvill he established for imported bituminous and suhhituminous coals. A software approach to the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power is also described.
Development 97101056 ether from synthesis gas
of catalysts
for synthesizing
dimethyl
Shi. R.-M. er ul. J. Nat. Gas Chem.. 1996. 5, (4). 287-2’)s. Explains how Cu-based catalysts were developed for the conversion of synthesis gas to Me>O. They exhibit high activities at mild reaction conditions and are suitahle for synthesis gas of varying composition
97101057 Development for coal-derived gas
of fixed-bed
type hot gas cleanup
unit
IOYS, 32, 259-262 Sera. T. er al. Sekiran Kagaku Kaigi Huppyo Rontmmhrr. (In Japanese). Discusses the development of a coal gasification combined-cycle power plant with a 200 ton/day pilot plant. Demonstration tests on the gas cleanup unit were conducted with coal gas containing dust and sulfur compounds with a 20 t/d fixed-bed pilot plant installed in January 1993. Finally, 765 h of continuou\ operation was achieved during in a test run in March-April IYOS. 97101058
97/01050 to nitrogen
for prevention
dioxide
‘Tang. S.-B. et nl. J. Nur. Gas Chem., 1996, 5, (3). 272-277. This article presents the results of a study into the combined partial oxtdatron and carbon dioxide reforming reaction to product synthesis gas using NI loaded catalysts. The study made use of a fixed-hed flow apparatus. Ni/Al:OI was found to he a hetter catalyst than Co/A1207 or Fe/Al:02. The yields of CO and H: were also found to rise with an increase of temperature.
97101047 Comparison desulfurization
Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels)
technology
Development of high-performance for steam reforming process
desulfurization
Masuda, M. Pefrotech (Tokyo), 1996, 19, (8). 64X-6%) (In Japanese). Demonstrates that the novel desulfurization agent Cu-ZnO-alumina is capable of lowering S content to pph level in the manufacture of city gas tram raw gases by hydrodesulfurization, thus preventing catalyst poisoning. The new agent improved the city gas quality and significantly reduced the production costs.
97101059 gasification
Development plant
of hot
gas
filtration
for
air
blown
Coal Conf., IYYS, 12, 271-277. Cahill, P. er al. Proc. At~nu. Inr. fimburgh A critical requirement in the air hlown gasification cycle (ABGC) is to ensure that the fuel gas is free of dust, in order to avoid damage to the gas turbine. Ceramic filter elements are the preferred technology for this cleanup. This paper describes development work carried out on hot gas filtration for the ABGC. A development programme on hot gas filtration has been carried out at CTDD. Over 2000 h of operation at up to 600°C have been achieved on two pilot scale hot gas filters. each taking full flow of gas from air blown gasifiers. The filters have operated with no incidents of breakage of filter elements. Information has been generated for effect of filtration velocity and temperature, cleaning gas requirements, changing dust and gas composition. and for design of critical components such as fast opening valves, venturi ejectors and sealing mechanisms. The effect of different operating conditions on filter element strength has been evaluated for a range of filter elements.
97101060 Dust properties and cleaning pressure loss of hot coal gas filtration
systems
as factors
in
Coal Conf.. 1995, 12, 379-384. Ito, S. et al. Proc. Annu. Inf. firfsbrtrgh Explains how dust properties. determined in part by char recovery, are a major factor in pressure loss of ceramic candle filters. A cyclone was applied to char recovery to investigate effects on dust properties at 18 bar clone decreased the inlet dust concentration of the filter and 400°C. The r from 60 to 3 g/m- but was useless to lower filter pressure loss. The cyclone collected only larger particles and increased their specific surface area with consequent ineffectiveness in pressure loss reduction in dust cake. In off-
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1997
67